The weight-lowering effect of low intensity endurance training targeted on the level of maximal lipid oxidation (LIPOX MAX) persists over more than 6 years and is associated with improvements in body composition and lipid oxidation

The objective of this work was to study the character of lipid oxidation during physical exercises of different intensity and identify factors influencing this process in patients with abdominal obesity. The study included 90 patients aged from 30 to 55 years with abdominal obesity (AO). Lipid oxidation (LO) during physical exercises (PE) was measured by the indirect colorimetric technique with the assessment of oxygen consumption (VO2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), and respiratory coefficient (RQ). The level of physical activity (PA) and body composition were determined. Patients with abdominal obesity exhibited maximum lipid oxidation at low-intensity physical exercise; it decreased with increasing PE intensity. Lipid oxidation was related to AT (r=0,6; p=0,0001), heart rate at maximum PE (r=0,8; p<0,001), energy expenditure during physical exercices (r=0,98; p=0,016), total energy consumption for the maintenance of physical activity (r=0,3; p<0,035), lean body mass (r=0,3; p=0,04), and duration of obesity (r=0,6; p=0,04).

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Effects of Low Intensity Resistance Training Speed on Body Composition, Muscle Activity and Muscle Strength in Obese Middle-aged Women

Korean Journal of Sport Studies ◽

10.23949/kjpe.2017.07.56.4.39 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 575-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Woo-Jung Lee ◽

Sang-Won Seo ◽

Ho-Seong Lee

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Low Intensity

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Body composition, fitness, and metabolic health during strength and endurance training and their combination in middle-aged and older women

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-009-1013-x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 106 (2) ◽

pp. 285-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Elina Sillanpää ◽

David E. Laaksonen ◽

Arja Häkkinen ◽

Laura Karavirta ◽

Benjamin Jensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Older Women ◽

Metabolic Health ◽

Middle Aged

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Associations of Low-Intensity Resistance Training with Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0132959 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e0132959 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hidetaka Hamasaki ◽

Yu Kawashima ◽

Yoshiki Tamada ◽

Masashi Furuta ◽

Hisayuki Katsuyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Low Intensity

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Endurance training in older men and women II. Blood lactate response to submaximal exercise

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1984.57.4.1030 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 1030-1033 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

D. R. Seals ◽

B. F. Hurley ◽

J. Schultz ◽

J. M. Hagberg

Keyword(s):

Endurance Training ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽

Submaximal Exercise ◽

Older Individuals ◽

O2 Uptake ◽

Men And Women ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Older Men And Women ◽

Intensity Training

Seven men and four women (age 63 +/- 2 yr, mean +/- SD, range 61–67 yr) participated in a 12-mo endurance training program to determine the effects of low-intensity (LI) and high-intensity (HI) training on the blood lactate response to submaximal exercise in older individuals. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), blood lactate, O2 uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), ventilation (VE), and respiratory exchange ratio (R) during three submaximal exercise bouts (65–90% VO2max) were determined before training, after 6 mo of LI training, and after an additional 6 mo of HI training. VO2max (ml X kg-1 X min-1) was increased 12% after LI training (P less than 0.05), while HI training induced a further increase of 18% (P less than 0.01). Lactate, HR, VE, and R were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) at the same absolute work rates after LI training, while HI training induced further but smaller reductions in these parameters (P greater than 0.05). In general, at the same relative work rates (ie., % of VO2max) after training, lactate was lower or unchanged, HR and R were unchanged, and VO2 and VE were higher. These findings indicate that LI training in older individuals results in adaptations in the response to submaximal exercise that are similar to those observed in younger populations and that additional higher intensity training results in further but less-marked changes.

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Polarized Versus High-Intensity Multimodal Training in Recreational Runners

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2018-0040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andrew J. Carnes ◽

Sara E. Mahoney

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

High Intensity ◽

Time Trial ◽

Lower Volume ◽

High Zone ◽

Multimodal Training ◽

Recreational Runners

Purpose: This study longitudinally compared changes in running performance (5-km time trial) and fitness (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] and body composition [BC]) between polarized training and CrossFit Endurance (CFE) in recreational runners. Methods: Participants (N = 21) completed 12 wk of CFE or polarized endurance training (POL). Both groups trained 5 d·wk−1. POL ran 5 d·wk−1, whereas CFE ran 3 d·wk−1 and performed CrossFit 3 d·wk−1 (run + CrossFit 1 d·wk−1). Intensity was classified as low, moderate, or high (zone 1, 2, or 3) according to ventilatory thresholds. POL was prescribed greater volume (295 [67] min·wk−1), distributed as 85%/5%/10% in Z1/Z2/Z3. CFE emphasized a lower volume (110 [18] min·wk−1) distribution of 48%/8%/44%. Results: POL ran 283 (75.9) min·wk−1 and 47.3 (11.6) km·wk−1, both exceeding the 117 (32.2) min·wk−1 and 19.3 (7.17) km·wk−1 in CFE (P < .001). The POL distribution (74%/11%/15%) had greater total and percentage Z1 (P < .001) than CFE (46%/15%/39%), which featured higher percentage Z3 (P < .001). Time trial improved −93.8 (40.4) s (−6.21% [2.16%]) in POL (P < .001) and −84.2 (65.7) s (−5.49% [3.56%]) in CFE (P = .001). BC improved by −2.45% (2.59%) fat in POL (P = .02) and −2.62% (2.53%) in CFE (P = .04). The magnitude of improvement was not different between groups for time trial (P = .79) or BC (P = .88). Both groups increased VO2max (P ≤ .01), but with larger magnitude (P = .04, d = 0.85) in POL (4.3 [3.6] mL·kg·min−1) than CFE (1.78 [1.9] mL·kg·min−1). Conclusions: Recreational runners achieved similar improvement in 5-km performance and BC through polarized training or CFE, but POL yielded a greater increase in VO2max. Extrapolation to longer distances requires additional research.

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