Effects of Mediterranean Diet on plasma metabolites and their relationship with insulin resistance and gut microbiota composition in a crossover randomized clinical trial

Objective The increasing prevalence of obesity over the past few decades constitutes a global health challenge. Pharmacological therapy is recommended to accompany life-style modification for obesity management. Here, we perform a clinical trial to investigate the effects of metformin on anthropometric indices and gut microbiota composition in non-diabetic, treatment-naive obese women with a low-calorie diet (LCD). Design Randomized double-blind parallel-group clinical trial Methods Forty-six obese women were randomly assigned to the metformin (500 mg/tab) or placebo groups using computer-generated random numbers. Subjects in both groups took two tablets per day for 2 months. Anthropometric measurements and collection of blood and fecal samples were done at the baseline and at the end of the trial. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results Twenty-four and twenty-two subjects were included in the metformin + LCD and placebo + LCD groups, respectively; at the end of trial, 20 and 16 subjects were analyzed. The metformin + LCD and placebo + LCD caused a 4.5 and 2.6% decrease in BMI from the baseline values, respectively (P < 0.01). Insulin concentration decreased in the metformin + LCD group (P = 0.046). The overall fecal microbiota composition and diversity were unaffected in the metformin + LCD group. However, a significant specific increase in Escherichia/Shigella abundance was observed after metformin + LCD intervention (P = 0.026). Fecal acetate concentration, but not producers, was significantly higher in the placebo + LCD group, adjusted for baseline values and BMI (P = 0.002). Conclusions Despite the weight reduction after metformin intake, the overall fecal microbiota composition remained largely unchanged in obese women, with exception of changes in specific proteobacterial groups.

Download Full-text

Phellinus linteus polysaccharide extract improves insulin resistance by regulating gut microbiota composition

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fj.201901943rr ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 1065-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yangyang Liu ◽

Chaorui Wang ◽

Jinshan Li ◽

Tiantian Li ◽

Yong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Phellinus Linteus ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Download Full-text

The anti-diabetic activities, gut microbiota composition, the anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria–coptis herb couple against insulin resistance-model of diabetes involving the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 237 ◽

pp. 202-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chang-hua Zhang ◽

Jun-qing Sheng ◽

Surendra Sarsaiya ◽

Fu-xing Shu ◽

Tong-tong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Toll Like Receptor ◽

Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽

Resistance Model ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Download Full-text

Effects of Prebiotic Supplement on Gut Microbiota, Drug Bioavailability and Adverse Effects in Patients with Colorectal Cancer at Different Primary Tumor Locations Receiving Chemotherapy: Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-907838/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Yanmin Li ◽

Hong Cao ◽

Bojian Fei ◽

Chuanqing Bao ◽

Jianmin Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Primary Tumor ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Drug Bioavailability ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background: The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide is a huge challenge to human health. Primary tumor locations found to impact prognosisand response to therapy. The important role of gut microbiota in the progression and treatment of CRC has led to many attempts of alleviating chemotherapy-induced adverse effects using microecologics. However, the underlying mechanism of the difference in the prognosis of different primary tumor locations and the synergistic effect of prebiotics on chemotherapy need to be further elucidated. This study aims to explore the differences in tumor microbiota and examine the effectiveness of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on gut microbiota, adverse effects, and bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs in CRC patients at different primary tumor locations.Methods: This is a double-blinded, randomized, parallel controlled clinical trial. Participants with left-sided CRC (LSCRC, n = 50) and right-sided CC (RSCC, n = 50) will randomly allocated to prebiotic group (n = 25) or control group (n = 25) and will receive either a daily XOS (3 g/d) or placebo, respectively, for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes will be the differences in the mucosa microbiota composition at different tumor locations, and differences in gut microbiota composition, adverse effects, and blood concentration of capecitabine posttreatment. The secondary outcomes will include other blood indicators, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, quality of life, and mental health.Discussion: This study will reveal the potential benefits of prebiotic for improving the gut microbiota composition, alleviating the adverse effects, and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with CRC. In addition, this study will provide data on the different distribution of tumor microbiota and the different changes of gut microbiota during treatment in LSCRC and RSCC, which may provide novel insights into personalized cancer treatment strategies based on primary tumor locations and gut microbiota in the future.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(www.chictr.org.cn): ChiCTR2100046237. Registered on 12 May 2021.

Download Full-text

Glutamate interactions with obesity, insulin resistance, cognition and gut microbiota composition

Acta Diabetologica ◽

10.1007/s00592-019-01313-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 569-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

María Encarnación Palomo-Buitrago ◽

Mònica Sabater-Masdeu ◽

Jose Maria Moreno-Navarrete ◽

Estefanía Caballano-Infantes ◽

María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Download Full-text

Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Disease Activity and Gut Microbiota Composition of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8121989 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1989

Author(s):

Andrea Picchianti Diamanti ◽

Concetta Panebianco ◽

Gerardo Salerno ◽

Roberta Di Rosa ◽

Simonetta Salemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

High Adherence ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Adherence Group ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder in which gut and oral microbiota play a crucial role. Diet is a modifiable factor that can influence both microbiota composition and arthritis outcome; previous studies have suggested associations between dietary habits and RA, with contrasting results. We investigate the protective effect of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on disease activity and the gut microbiota profile in RA patients. Sixty consecutive RA patients were enrolled upon filling a validated 14-item questionnaire for the assessment of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Prevention with Mediterranean Diet-PREDIMED). Then, 16S analysis was employed to explore the gut microbiota within the two cohorts of patients. Patients with high adherence to MD (20) had a significantly lower C-reactive protein (p < 0.037) and disease activity (p < 0.034) than the 40 patients with low/moderate adherence to MD. An inverse association between MD and disease activity was confirmed by multivariate analysis after adjustments for all the different demographic, clinical and serologic variables. A healthier gut microbiota composition was observed in the high adherence group, with a significant decrease in Lactobacillaceae and an almost complete absence of Prevotella copri with respect to the low/moderate adherence group. In conclusion, our findings support the protective role of MD on disease activity and microbiota composition in RA patients, and suggest the feasibility of shifting the habitual diet to modulate the gut microbiota and promote the benefits associated with MD.

Download Full-text

Yogurt improves insulin resistance and liver fat in obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (6) ◽

pp. 1611-1619 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yang Chen ◽

Rennan Feng ◽

Xue Yang ◽

Jiaxing Dai ◽

Min Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Obese Women ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

And Oxidative Stress ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Background Because consumption of conventional yogurt has beneficial effects in a healthy population, and insulin resistance (IR) is the mutual pathogenesis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), we hypothesized that yogurt would ameliorate IR in patients with NAFLD and MetS. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yogurt on IR and secondary endpoints including liver fat, gut microbiota, and serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in obese women with NAFLD and MetS. Methods One hundred obese women aged 36–66 y with both NAFLD and MetS were randomly assigned to consume 220 g/d of either conventional yogurt or milk for 24 wk. At baseline and week 24, we measured anthropometric indices, serum glucose, insulin, lipids, and cytokines in all participants, and liver fat and gut microbiota in 20 participants randomly selected from each group. Results Forty-eight participants from the yogurt group and 44 from the milk group completed the intervention. Compared with milk, yogurt significantly decreased the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (−0.53; 95% CI: −1.03, −0.02), fasting insulin (−2.77 mU/L; 95% CI: −4.91, −0.63 mU/L), 2-h insulin (−25.5 mU/L; 95% CI: −33.0, −17.9 mU/L), 2-h area under the curve for insulin (−29.4 mU/L · h; 95% CI: −44.0, −14.8 mU/L · h), alanine aminotransferase (−4.65 U/L; 95% CI: −8.67, −0.64 U/L), intrahepatic lipid (−3.44%; 95% CI: −6.19%, −0.68%), and hepatic fat fraction (−3.48%; 95% CI: −6.34%, −0.63%). Yogurt also decreased serum LPS (−0.31 EU/mL; 95% CI: −0.48, −0.14 EU/mL), fibroblast growth factor 21 (−57.76 pg/mL; 95% CI: −86.32, −29.19 pg/mL), lipids, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and altered gut microbiota composition. Mediation analysis showed that yogurt may improve IR by reducing serum lipids, inflammation, oxidative stress, and LPS. Conclusions Yogurt was better than milk at ameliorating IR and liver fat in obese Chinese women with NAFLD and MetS, possibly by improving lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and LPS, and changing the gut microbiota composition. This trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR-IPR-15006801.

Download Full-text