scholarly journals Metformin induces weight loss associated with gut microbiota alteration in non-diabetic obese women: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed ◽  
Raul Y Tito ◽  
Seyed-Davar Siadat ◽  
Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar ◽  
Zahra Hoseini-Tavassol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Objective The increasing prevalence of obesity over the past few decades constitutes a global health challenge. Pharmacological therapy is recommended to accompany life-style modification for obesity management. Here, we perform a clinical trial to investigate the effects of metformin on anthropometric indices and gut microbiota composition in non-diabetic, treatment-naive obese women with a low-calorie diet (LCD). Design Randomized double-blind parallel-group clinical trial Methods Forty-six obese women were randomly assigned to the metformin (500 mg/tab) or placebo groups using computer-generated random numbers. Subjects in both groups took two tablets per day for 2 months. Anthropometric measurements and collection of blood and fecal samples were done at the baseline and at the end of the trial. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results Twenty-four and twenty-two subjects were included in the metformin + LCD and placebo + LCD groups, respectively; at the end of trial, 20 and 16 subjects were analyzed. The metformin + LCD and placebo + LCD caused a 4.5 and 2.6% decrease in BMI from the baseline values, respectively (P < 0.01). Insulin concentration decreased in the metformin + LCD group (P = 0.046). The overall fecal microbiota composition and diversity were unaffected in the metformin + LCD group. However, a significant specific increase in Escherichia/Shigella abundance was observed after metformin + LCD intervention (P = 0.026). Fecal acetate concentration, but not producers, was significantly higher in the placebo + LCD group, adjusted for baseline values and BMI (P = 0.002). Conclusions Despite the weight reduction after metformin intake, the overall fecal microbiota composition remained largely unchanged in obese women, with exception of changes in specific proteobacterial groups.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota Composition Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Patients

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Lee ◽  
Mohamed Mannaa ◽  
Yunkyung Kim ◽  
Jehun Kim ◽  
Geun-Tae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The aim of this study was to investigate differences between the gut microbiota composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those with osteoarthritis (OA). Stool samples from nine RA patients and nine OA patients were collected, and DNA was extracted. The gut microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The structures and differences in the gut microbiome between RA and OA were analyzed. The analysis of diversity revealed no differences in the complexity of samples. The RA group had a lower Bacteroidetes: Firmicutes ratio than did the OA group. Lactobacilli and Prevotella, particularly Prevotella copri, were more abundant in the RA than in the OA group, although these differences were not statistically significant. The relative abundance of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium was lower in the RA group. At the species level, the abundance of certain bacterial species was significantly lower in the RA group, such as Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Dialister invisus, Clostridium leptum, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, Anaerotruncus colihominis, Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Harryflintia acetispora, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Christensenella minuta. The microbial properties of the gut differed between RA and OA patients, and the RA dysbiosis revealed results similar to those of other autoimmune diseases, suggesting that a specific gut microbiota pattern is related to autoimmunity.

Changes in the gut microbiota of morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alev Kural ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Hakan Seyit ◽  
Tuba R Caglar ◽  
Pınar Toklu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
16S Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Aims: Permanent treatment of morbid obesity with medication or diet is nearly impossible. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is becoming a widely accepted treatment option. This study profiled and compared gut microbiota composition before and after LSG. Methods & results: A total of 54 stool samples were collected from 27 morbidly obese individuals before and after LSG. The gut microbiota was profiled with 16S amplicon sequencing. After LSG, patients demonstrated a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in BMI and an increase in bacterial diversity. An increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was also noticed after LSG. The families Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae predominated in preoperative samples but were markedly lowered after LSG. A marked increase in Akkermansia, Alistipes, Streptococcus, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides was observed after LSG. Conclusion: In addition to lowering BMI, LSG remodeled gut microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Effects of aronia berry (poly)phenols on vascular function and gut microbiota: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in adult men

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Istas ◽  
Eleanor Wood ◽  
Melanie Le Sayec ◽  
Claudia Rawlings ◽  
Jeeyoung Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Phenolic Metabolites ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Background Aronia melanocarpa is a rich source of (poly)phenols. Previous research has demonstrated that these berries may provide cardiovascular health benefits in high-risk populations. However, very few studies have investigated the effects of daily consumption of dietary achievable amounts of the berries in healthy subjects. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aronia berries on vascular function and gut microbiota composition in a healthy population. Methods A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel designed study was conducted in 66 healthy men randomly allocated to consume a (poly)phenol-rich extract (116 mg, 75 g berries), a whole fruit powder (12 mg, 10 g berries), or placebo (maltodextrin) for 12 wk. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), arterial stiffness, blood pressure, heart rate, and serum biochemistry were assessed. Plasma (poly)phenol metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS. Gut microbiota composition was determined via 16S rRNA sequencing in stool samples. Results Consumption of aronia whole fruit and extract powder for 12 wk led to a significant increase in FMD over control of 0.9% ± 0.4% (95% CI: 0.13%, 1.72%) and 1.2% ± 0.4% (95% CI: 0.36%, 1.97%), respectively. Acute improvements in FMD were also observed 2 h after consumption of aronia extract on day 1 (1.1% ± 0.3%, P = 0.003) and 12 wk later (1.5% ± 0.4%, P = 0.0001). Circulating plasma phenolic metabolites increased upon consumption of the aronia treatments. Although no changes were found in gut microbiota diversity, consumption of aronia extract increased the growth of Anaerostipes (+10.6%, P = 0.01), whereas aronia whole fruit showed significant increases in Bacteroides (+193%, P = 0.01). Correlation analysis identified significant associations between changes in FMD, aronia-derived phenolic metabolites, and specific gut microbial genera. Conclusions In healthy men, consumption of aronia berry (poly)phenols improved endothelial function and modulated gut microbiota composition, indicating that regular aronia consumption has the potential to maintain cardiovascular health in individuals at low risk of cardiovascular disease. This trial was registered at CLINICALTRIALs.gov as NCT03041961.

scholarly journals Ketonuria Is Associated with Changes to the Abundance of Roseburia in the Gut Microbiota of Overweight and Obese Women at 16 Weeks Gestation: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Robinson ◽  
Helen Barrett ◽  
Luisa Gomez-Arango ◽  
H. David McIntyre ◽  
Leonie Callaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The gut microbiome in pregnancy has been associated with various maternal metabolic and hormonal markers involved in glucose metabolism. Maternal ketones are of particular interest due to the rise in popularity of low-carbohydrate diets. We assessed for differences in the composition of the gut microbiota in pregnant women with and without ketonuria at 16 weeks gestation. Fecal samples were obtained from 11 women with fasting ketonuria and 11 matched controls. The samples were analyzed to assess for differences in gut microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing. Supervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed significantly different beta-diversity between women with and without ketonuria, but no difference in the alpha-diversity. Group comparisons and network analysis showed that ketonuria was associated with an increased abundance of the butyrate-producing genus Roseburia. The bacteria that contributed the most to the differences in the composition of the gut microbiota included Roseburia, Methanobrevibacter, Uncl. RF39, and Dialister in women with ketonuria and Eggerthella, Phascolarctobacterium, Butyricimonas, and Uncl. Coriobacteriaceae in women without ketonuria. This study found that the genus Roseburia is more abundant in the gut microbiota of pregnant women with ketonuria. Roseburia is a butyrate producing bacterium and may increase serum ketone levels.

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Controls Murine Chronic Intestinal Inflammation by Modulating Immune Cell Functions and Gut Microbiota Composition

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Burrello ◽  
Maria Rita Giuffrè ◽  
Angeli Dominique Macandog ◽  
Angelica Diaz-Basabe ◽  
Fulvia Milena Cribiù ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Different gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), have been linked to alterations of the gut microbiota composition, namely dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered an encouraging therapeutic approach for ulcerative colitis patients, mostly as a consequence of normobiosis restoration. We recently showed that therapeutic effects of FMT during acute experimental colitis are linked to functional modulation of the mucosal immune system and of the gut microbiota composition. Here we analysed the effects of therapeutic FMT administration during chronic experimental colitis, a condition more similar to that of IBD patients, on immune-mediated mucosal inflammatory pathways. Mucus and feces from normobiotic donors were orally administered to mice with established chronic Dextran Sodium Sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Immunophenotypes and functions of infiltrating colonic immune cells were evaluated by cytofluorimetric analysis. Compositional differences in the intestinal microbiome were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Therapeutic FMT in mice undergoing chronic intestinal inflammation was capable to decrease colonic inflammation by modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, antimicrobial peptides, and mucins. Innate and adaptive mucosal immune cells manifested a reduced pro-inflammatory profile in FMT-treated mice. Finally, restoration of a normobiotic core ecology contributed to the resolution of inflammation. Thus, FMT is capable of controlling chronic intestinal experimental colitis by inducing a concerted activation of anti-inflammatory immune pathways, mechanistically supporting the positive results of FMT treatment reported in ulcerative colitis patients.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolomic Profiles of Wild and Captive Chinese Monals (Lophophorus lhuysii) 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Jiang ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Marc Valitutto ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Qin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background：The Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii) is an endangered bird species, with a wild population restricted to the mountains of southwest China, and only one known captive population in the world. We investigated the fecal microbiota and metabolome of wild and captive Chinese monals to explore differences and similarities in nutritional status and digestive characteristics. An integrated approach combining 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) based metabolomics were used to examine the fecal microbiota composition and the metabolomic profile of Chinese monals. Results: The results showed that the alpha diversity of gut microbes in the wild group were significantly higher than that in the captive group and the core bacterial taxa in the two groups showed remarkable differences at phylum, class, order, and family levels. Metabolomic profiling also revealed differences, mainly related to galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid, bile acid biosynthesis and bile secretion. Furthermore, strong correlations of metabolite types and bacterial genus were detected. Conclusions: There were remarkable differences in the gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profile between wild and captive Chinese monals. This study has established a baseline for a normal gut microbiota and metabolomic profile for wild Chinese monals, thus allowing us to evaluate if differences seen in captive organisms have an impact on their overall health and reproduction.

Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota in Allergic Rhinitis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Jing Tao ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xiaolin Cao ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Background The gut microbiota plays an important role in shaping the immune system and may be closely connected to the development of allergic diseases. Objective This study aimed to determine the gut microbiota composition in Chinese allergic rhinitis (AR) patients as compared with healthy controls (HCs). Methods We collected stool samples from 93 AR patients and 72 age- and sex-matched HCs. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using QIIME targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Functional pathways were predicted using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States. Statistical analysis was performed using the R program, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe), analysis of QIIME, and statistical analysis of metagenomic profiles, among other tests. Results Compared with HCs, AR patients had significantly lower gut-microbiota α-diversity ( P < .001). The gut microbiota composition significantly differed between the 2 study groups. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher while those of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were lower in the AR group than in the HC group ( P < .001, q < 0.001). At the genus level, Escherichia-Shigella, Prevotella, and Parabacteroides ( P < .001, q < 0.001) had significantly higher relative abundances in the AR group than in the HC group. LefSe analysis indicated that Escherichia-Shigella, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, and Dialister were potential biomarkers for AR. In addition, predictive metagenome functional analysis showed that pyruvate, porphyrin, chlorophyll, purine metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis significantly differed between the AR and HC groups. Conclusion A comparison of the gut microbiota of AR patients and HCs suggested that dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota is involved in the development of AR. The present results may reveal key differences and identify targets for preventive or therapeutic intervention.

Effect of multispecies probiotic on gut microbiota composition in individuals with intestinal constipation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial

Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 110890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Borges Botelho ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
Ananda de Mesquita Araújo ◽  
Marcela Moraes Mendes ◽  
Eduardo Yoshio Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition
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