Comparison of classification algorithms to predict outcomes of feedlot cattle identified and treated for bovine respiratory disease

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to determine the comparative efficacy of antibiotics used to control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle on feedlots. The information sources for the review were: MEDLINE®, MEDLINE In-Process and MEDLINE® Daily, AGRICOLA, Epub Ahead of Print, Cambridge Agricultural and Biological Index, Science Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science, the Proceedings of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, World Buiatrics Conference, and the United States Food and Drug Administration Freedom of Information New Animal Drug Applications summaries. The eligible population was weaned beef cattle raised in intensive systems. The interventions of interest were injectable antibiotics used at the time the cattle arrived at the feedlot. The outcome of interest was the diagnosis of BRD within 45 days of arrival at the feedlot. The network meta-analysis included data from 46 studies and 167 study arms identified in the review. The results suggest that macrolides are the most effective antibiotics for the reduction of BRD incidence. Injectable oxytetracycline effectively controlled BRD compared with no antibiotics; however, it was less effective than macrolide treatment. Because oxytetracycline is already commonly used to prevent, control, and treat BRD in groups of feedlot cattle, the use of injectable oxytetracycline for BRD control might have advantages from an antibiotic stewardship perspective.

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Detection and characterization of viruses as field and vaccine strains in feedlot cattle with bovine respiratory disease

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (30) ◽

pp. 3478-3492 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R.W. Fulton ◽

J.M. d’Offay ◽

C. Landis ◽

D.G. Miles ◽

R.A. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

Feedlot Cattle

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Development of Bacterial Therapeutics against the Bovine Respiratory Pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01359-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (21) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Samat Amat ◽

Edouard Timsit ◽

Danica Baines ◽

Jay Yanke ◽

Trevor W. Alexander

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Animal Health ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Commensal Bacteria ◽

Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽

Respiratory Pathogen ◽

Content Type

ABSTRACT Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in beef cattle. Recent evidence suggests that commensal bacteria of the bovine nasopharynx have an important role in maintaining respiratory health by providing colonization resistance against pathogens. The objective of this study was to screen and select bacterial therapeutic candidates from the nasopharynxes of feedlot cattle to mitigate the BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica. In a stepwise approach, bacteria (n = 300) isolated from the nasopharynxes of 100 healthy feedlot cattle were identified and initially screened (n = 178 isolates from 12 different genera) for growth inhibition of M. haemolytica. Subsequently, selected isolates were evaluated for the ability to adhere to bovine turbinate (BT) cells (n = 47), compete against M. haemolytica for BT cell adherence (n = 15), and modulate gene expression in BT cells (n = 10). Lactobacillus strains had the strongest inhibition of M. haemolytica, with 88% of the isolates (n =33) having inhibition zones ranging from 17 to 23 mm. Adherence to BT cells ranged from 3.4 to 8.0 log10 CFU per 105 BT cells. All the isolates tested in competition assays reduced M. haemolytica adherence to BT cells (32% to 78%). Among 84 bovine genes evaluated, selected isolates upregulated expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-6 (P < 0.05). After ranking isolates for greatest inhibition, adhesion, competition, and immunomodulation properties, 6 Lactobacillus strains from 4 different species were selected as the best candidates for further development as intranasal bacterial therapeutics to mitigate M. haemolytica infection in feedlot cattle. IMPORTANCE Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant animal health issue impacting the beef industry. Current BRD prevention strategies rely mainly on metaphylactic use of antimicrobials when cattle enter feedlots. However, a recent increase in BRD-associated bacterial pathogens that are resistant to metaphylactic antimicrobials highlights a pressing need for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Based upon previous research showing the importance of respiratory commensal bacteria in protecting against bronchopneumonia, this study aimed to develop bacterial therapeutics that could be used to mitigate the BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica. Bacteria isolated from the respiratory tracts of healthy cattle were characterized for their inhibitory, adhesive, and immunomodulatory properties. In total, 6 strains were identified as having the best properties for use as intranasal therapeutics to inhibit M. haemolytica. If successful in vivo, these strains offer an alternative to metaphylactic antimicrobial use in feedlot cattle for mitigating BRD.

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Detection and economic impact related to bovine respiratory disease, shrink, and traveling distance in feedlot cattle in Northwest Mexico

TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES ◽

10.3906/vet-1603-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 294-301

Author(s):

José Luis RODRÍGUEZ-CASTILLO ◽

Gilberto LÓPEZ-VALENCIA ◽

Francisco Javier MONGE-NAVARRO ◽

Gerardo Enrique MEDINA-BASULTO ◽

Sawako HORI-OSHIMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Northwest Mexico

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Progression of nasopharyngeal and tracheal bacterial microbiotas of feedlot cattle during development of bovine respiratory disease

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108826 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 248 ◽

pp. 108826

Author(s):

Christopher McMullen ◽

Trevor W. Alexander ◽

Karin Orsel ◽

Edouard Timsit

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

Feedlot Cattle

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Evaluation of reticulorumen temperature boluses for the diagnosis of subclinical cases of bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab337 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emilie A-L Flattot ◽

Tony R Batterham ◽

Edouard Timsit ◽

Brad J White ◽

Joe P McMeniman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Total Duration ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Lung Pathology ◽

Feedlot Steers ◽

Lung Consolidation ◽

Episode Duration

Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most important and costly health issue of the feedlot industry worldwide. Remote monitoring of reticulorumen temperature has been suggested as a potential tool to improve the diagnostic accuracy of BRD. The present study aimed to evaluate 1) the difference and degree of reticulorumen hyperthermia episodes between healthy and subclinical BRD feedlot steers, 2) determine the correlation between reticulorumen hyperthermia and lung pathology, performance, and carcass traits. Mixed-breed feedlot steers (n= 148) with a mean arrival weight of 321 ± 3.34 kg were administered a reticulorumen bolus at feedlot entry and monitored for visual and audible signs of BRD until slaughter when lungs were examined and scored for lesions indicative of BRD. Post-slaughter animals with no record of BRD treatment were assigned to one of three case definitions. Healthy steers had no visual or audible signs of BRD (i.e., CIS=1), and total lung consolidation score < 5% or pleurisy score < 3 at slaughter. Subclinical BRD cases had a CIS of 1, and a lung consolidation score ≥ 5% or a pleurisy score of 3 at slaughter. Mild CIS cases had at least one CIS of 2, and a lung consolidation score < 5% and a pleurisy score < 3 at slaughter. Subclinical BRD and mild CIS cases had longer total duration of reticulorumen hyperthermia, more episodes and longer average episode duration above 40.0°C compared to healthy steers (P < 0.05). A moderate positive correlation was found between lung consolidation and total duration (r = 0.27, P < 0.001), episode duration (r = 0.29, P < 0.001) and number of episodes (r = 0.20, P < 0.05). Pleurisy score was also found to be moderately and positively correlated with total duration (r = 0.23, P < 0.01), episode duration (r = 0.37, P < 0.001) and number of episodes (r = 0.26, P < 0.01). Moderate negative correlations were found between reticulorumen hyperthermia and carcass traits including hot standard carcass weight (HSCW) (- 0.22 ≤ r ≤ - 0.23, P < 0.05) and P8-fat depth (- 0.18 ≤ r ≤ - 0.32, P < 0.05). Subclinical BRD reduced carcass weight by 22 kg and average daily gain (ADG) by 0.44 kg/day compared to healthy steers (P < 0.05), but mild CIS cases had no effect on performance (P > 0.05). The reticulorumen bolus technology appears promising for detection of subclinical BRD cases in feedlot cattle as defined by lung pathology at slaughter.

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