Punishment and Reward Normalize Error-Related Cognitive Control in PTSD by Modulating Salience Network Activation and Connectivity

Cortex ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis C. Evans ◽  
Joseph DeGutis ◽  
David Rothlein ◽  
Audreyana Jagger-Rickels ◽  
Ayumu Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Network Activation

Cortical salience network activation precedes the development of delusion severity

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 2741-2748 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Raij ◽  
T. Mäntylä ◽  
O. Mantere ◽  
T. Kieseppä ◽  
J. Suvisaari
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Network Activation ◽  
Baseline Evaluation ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
And Control

BackgroundDelusion is the most characteristic symptom of psychosis. While researchers suggested an association between changes of the cortical salience network (CSN) and delusion, whether these CSN findings are a cause or a consequence of delusion remains unknown.MethodTo assess the effect of CSN functioning to forthcoming changes in delusion scores, we measured brain activation with 3-T functional magnetic resonance imaging in two independent samples of first-episode psychosis patients (total of 27 patients and 23 healthy controls). During scanning, the patients evaluated statements about whether an individual's psychosis-related experiences should be described as a mental illness, and control statements that were also evaluated by healthy controls. Symptoms were assessed at the baseline and at 2 months follow-up with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.ResultsBoth tasks activated the CSN in comparison with rest. Activation of CSN (‘illness evaluation v. control task’ contrast) in patients positively correlated with worsening of or less improvement in delusions at the 2-month follow-up assessment. This finding was independent of delusion and clinical insight scores at the baseline evaluation.ConclusionsOur findings link symptom-evaluation-related CSN functioning to severity of delusion and, importantly, add a new layer of evidence for the contribution of CSN functioning to the longitudinal course of delusions.

scholarly journals Cognitive Control and the Salience Network: An Investigation of Error Processing and Effective Connectivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (16) ◽  
pp. 7091-7098 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ham ◽  
A. Leff ◽  
X. de Boissezon ◽  
A. Joffe ◽  
D. J. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Salience Network

326. Clustering by Salience Network Activation to Emotional Faces Identifies a Transdiagnostic Subtype that is Associated with Specific Interoceptive Related Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. S133-S134
Author(s):  
Andrea Goldstein-Piekarski ◽  
Tali Ball ◽  
Zoe Samara ◽  
Jerome Yesavage ◽  
Alan Schatzberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salience Network ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Network Activation

scholarly journals Glutamate and Dysconnection in the Salience Network: Neurochemical, Effective-connectivity, and Computational Evidence in Schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Limongi ◽  
Peter Jeon ◽  
Michael Mackinley ◽  
Tushar Das ◽  
Kara Dempster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Glutamate Concentration ◽  
Computational Performance

AbstractIn the dysconnection hypothesis, psychosis is caused by NMDA hypofunction resulting in aberrant network connectivity. Combining a cognitive-control task, functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested this hypothesis in the salience network of 20 first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 20 healthy control (HC) subjects. Across groups, glutamate concentration in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was associated with higher and lower inhibitory connectivity in the dACC and in the anterior insula (AI) respectively. Crucially, glutamate concentration correlated negatively with the inhibitory influence on the excitatory neuronal population in the dACC of FEP subjects. Furthermore, aberrant computational parameters of the cognitive-control task performance were associated with aberrant inhibitory connections. Finally, the strength of connections from the dACC to the AI correlated negatively with severity of social withdrawal. These findings support a link between glutamate-mediated cortical disinhibition, deficits in effective connectivity, and computational performance in psychosis.

scholarly journals Salience network dynamics underlying successful resistance of temptation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Steimke ◽  
Jason S. Nomi ◽  
Vince D Calhoun ◽  
Christine Stelzel ◽  
Lena M. Paschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Dynamic Functional Connectivity ◽  
Control Networks

AbstractSelf-control and the ability to resist temptation are critical for successful completion of long-term goals. Contemporary models in cognitive neuroscience emphasize the primary role of prefrontal cognitive control networks in aligning behavior with such goals. Here we use gaze pattern analysis and dynamic functional connectivity fMRI data to explore how individual differences in the ability to resist temptation are related to intrinsic brain dynamics of the cognitive control and salience networks. Behaviorally, individuals exhibit greater gaze distance from target location (e.g. higher distractibility) during presentation of tempting erotic images compared with neutral images. Individuals whose intrinsic dynamic functional connectivity patterns gravitate towards configurations in which salience detection systems are less strongly coupled with visual systems resist tempting distractors more effectively. The ability to resist tempting distractors was not significantly related to intrinsic dynamics of the cognitive control network. These results suggest that susceptibility to temptation is governed in part by individual differences in salience network dynamics, and provide novel evidence for involvement of brain systems outside canonical cognitive control networks in contributing to individual differences in self-control.

Hierarchical Error Representation: A Computational Model of Anterior Cingulate and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2354-2410 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Alexander ◽  
Joshua W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Learning Networks ◽  
Network Activation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (ACC and dlPFC, respectively) are core components of the cognitive control network. Activation of these regions is routinely observed in tasks that involve monitoring the external environment and maintaining information in order to generate appropriate responses. Despite the ubiquity of studies reporting coactivation of these two regions, a consensus on how they interact to support cognitive control has yet to emerge. In this letter, we present a new hypothesis and computational model of ACC and dlPFC. The error representation hypothesis states that multidimensional error signals generated by ACC in response to surprising outcomes are used to train representations of expected error in dlPFC, which are then associated with relevant task stimuli. Error representations maintained in dlPFC are in turn used to modulate predictive activity in ACC in order to generate better estimates of the likely outcomes of actions. We formalize the error representation hypothesis in a new computational model based on our previous model of ACC. The hierarchical error representation (HER) model of ACC/dlPFC suggests a mechanism by which hierarchically organized layers within ACC and dlPFC interact in order to solve sophisticated cognitive tasks. In a series of simulations, we demonstrate the ability of the HER model to autonomously learn to perform structured tasks in a manner comparable to human performance, and we show that the HER model outperforms current deep learning networks by an order of magnitude.

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

Daily Experiences of Commuting Strain and Self-Control at Work and at Home

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Bettina S. Wiese ◽  
Olivia Chaillié ◽  
Ruth Noppeney ◽  
Anna M. Stertz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
At Home

Abstract. The study investigates how commuting strain affects daily self-control capacities at work and at home. Irritability (i.e., increased readiness to express negative emotions when facing frustration) and concentration (i.e., a cognitive control capacity that relies on attention) were used as indicators of (impaired) self-control. Based on 5-day diary data from N = 185 train commuters, we found that on days with a strenuous ride from home to work, commuters indicated higher irritability and lower concentration capacity at work. On days with higher strain during the work-to-home ride, commuters reported to be more irritable back home. Moreover, commuters with low emotional stability turned out to be more affected by commuting strain but only if considering self-control impairment at home.

Do Young Children Modulate Their Cognitive Control?

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solène Ambrosi ◽  
Patrick Lemaire ◽  
Agnès Blaye
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Stroop Tasks ◽  
And Task

Abstract. Dynamic, trial-by-trial modulations of inhibitory control are well documented in adults but rarely investigated in children. Here, we examined whether 5-to-7 year-old children, an age range when inhibitory control is still partially immature, achieve such modulations. Fifty three children took flanker, Simon, and Stroop tasks. Above and beyond classic congruency effects, the present results showed two crucial findings. First, we found evidence for sequential modulations of congruency effects in these young children in the three conflict tasks. Second, our results showed both task specificities and task commonalities. These findings in young children have important implications as they suggest that, to be modulated, inhibitory control does not require full maturation and that the precise pattern of trial-by-trial modulations may depend on the nature of conflict.

A Bird in the Hand Isn’t Good for Long

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Simon Frisch ◽  
Maja Dshemuchadse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Folk wisdom tells us that additional time to make a decision helps us to refrain from the first impulse to take the bird in the hand. However, the question why the time to decide plays an important role is still unanswered. Here we distinguish two explanations, one based on a bias in value accumulation that has to be overcome with time, the other based on cognitive control processes that need time to set in. In an intertemporal decision task, we use mouse tracking to study participants’ responses to options’ values and delays which were presented sequentially. We find that the information about options’ delays does indeed lead to an immediate bias that is controlled afterwards, matching the prediction of control processes needed to counter initial impulses. Hence, by using a dynamic measure, we provide insight into the processes underlying short-term oriented choices in intertemporal decision making.

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