Sources of resistance to Alternariaster leaf blight in sunflower pre-breeding lines derived from interspecific crosses and wild Helianthus species

Brown planthopper, blast, and bacterial blight are the main biotic stressors of rice and can cause a massive loss in rice production. Aroma is an important character of rice quality. It is of far-reaching significance to breed resistant and high-quality varieties using germplasms with objective genes. In this study, the introgression and pyramiding of brown planthopper (BPH), blast, and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistance genes and aroma genes into elite rice maintainers and restorers were conducted through conventional cross-breeding coupled with the marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding method. Single-plant selection was performed from F2 onwards to select desirable recombinants possessing alleles of interest with suitable phenotypes. Respective linked markers were used in each generation from intercrossing to the F7 generation for tracking the presence of targeted genes. A total of 74 improved lines (ILs) have been developed which possess a combination of 1 to 4 genes for BPH, blast, and BLB resistance and aroma. These ILs showed moderate to high resistance to multiple biotic stresses (BPH, blast and BLB) or aromatic fragrance without obvious negative effects on agronomic traits. As multiple resistance and aromatic traits have become significant objectives in rice breeding, these resistance and/or aroma gene introgressed or pyramided lines have important application prospects. Core ideas: (1) marker-assisted breeding was used to pyramid multiple genes for an elite breeding line; (2) improved lines with the introgression of 1–4 genes were developed to achieve high resistance against various biotic stresses and aroma; (3) new lines were used as donor parents to introgress multiple genes in other genetic backgrounds.

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Phenotypic Screening of F4 Breeding Lines against Bacterial Blight Disease in Rice

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i1230580 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 299-304

Author(s):

K. Alekya ◽

B. Laxmi Prasanna ◽

M. Balram ◽

N. Balram ◽

P. Gonya Nayak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Blight ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽

Research Station ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Disease Score ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Resistant Reaction

Biotic stresses are major threat to rice production. Among biotic stresses, bacterial leaf blight is one of the major diseases affecting rice grain production in rice growing areas. Present investigation was conducted to evaluate phenotypic effect of 50 breeding lines from a cross (Pranahitha//ISM/MTU1010) in glass house at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jagtial by inoculating Bacterial leaf blight culture (DX-020) by leaf clipping method. Out of these 50 F4 lines evaluated, twenty nine breeding lines showed resistant reaction with disease score of 1. Eleven lines showed moderately resistant reaction with disease score 3. Twenty nine breeding lines that were resistant with disease score 1, had excellent grain yield. Hence, these lines can be advanced to further generations. Thus the present study has demonstrated that phenotypic selection is successful in the glass house and these breeding lines with higher yield levels are expected to perform better in the field trials and further in the farmers fields with the good level of bacterial blight resistance.

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Flavor Profiles of Wild Species-Derived Peanut Breeding Lines

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/ps07-113.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 81-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. P. Tallury ◽

H. E. Pattee ◽

T. G. Isleib ◽

H. T. Stalker

Keyword(s):

Wild Species ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Sensory Attributes ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Cultivated Peanut ◽

Important Quality

Abstract Several diploid wild species of the genus Arachis L. have been used as sources of resistance to common diseases of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Because flavor is among the most important quality attributes for commercial acceptance of roasted peanuts, sensory attributes of interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines were evaluated to determine if transfer of disease resistance from wild species is associated with concomitant changes in flavor. Sixteen interspecific hybrid derivatives with five diploid species in their ancestries and the commercial flavor standard, NC 7 were evaluated for sensory quality. Significant variation among entries was found for the roasted peanut, sweet, and bitter sensory attributes, but not for the overall contrast between NC 7 and the wild species-derived breeding lines. The variation was either between two groups of wild species-derived breeding lines or within one or both groups. Introduction of disease and pest resistance traits from Arachis species did not result in degradation or improvement of the flavor profile. This suggests that flavor of wild species-derived germplasm will not prevent its use either as parents in peanut breeding programs or as cultivars.

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Phylogeny and identification of Pantoea species associated with bulb rot and bacterial leaf blight of onion crops in Uruguay

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-21-1140-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stefanie De Armas ◽

Guillermo Alesio Galván ◽

María Inés Lapaz ◽

Pablo González-Barrios ◽

Esteban Vicente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Housekeeping Genes ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Gene Sequence Analysis ◽

Bulb Rot ◽

Physiological Tests

Onion is among the most consumed vegetables in Uruguay, grown in the Northwestern and Southern regions of the country. The onion supply presents interannual variations associated with significant postharvest losses, mainly caused by bacterial rots. Besides bulb rotting, onion leaf lesions as well as infections on seed-stalks during seed production may be devastating for some varieties under conducive conditions. This research aimed to identify the causal agents of bulb rots and leaf blight of onion crops in Uruguay. Symptomatic bulbs, seeds-stalks and leaves were collected from commercial fields from 2015 to 2020. Bacterial colonies were isolated and identified at genera level using physiological tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A collection of 59 Pantoea spp. isolates was obtained (11 from bulbs and 48 from leaves and seeds-stalks). Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using four housekeeping genes (rpoB, gyrB, leuS and fusA) allowed the assignment of the isolates to five Pantoea species: P. ananatis, P. agglomerans, P. allii, P. eucalypti and P. vagans. The last two species were not previously reported as onion pathogens elsewhere. The ability to cause disease symptoms was tested by leaf inoculation and red onion scale assays. Pantoea ananatis isolates showed the highest aggressiveness in both assays. Specific isolates from P. allii (MAI 6022), P. eucalypti (MAI 6036), P. vagans (MAI 6050), and Pantoea sp. (MAI 6049) ranked the second in aggressiveness on onion leaves, while only three isolates belonging to P. eucalypti (MAI 6036 and MAI 6058) and P. agglomerans (MAI 6045) exhibited the same scale clearing phenotype as P. ananatis. Leaf inoculation assays were also performed on a set of eight onion cultivars and breeding lines. Overall, P. ananatis MAI 6032 showed the highest aggressiveness in all tested cultivars, followed by P. eucalypti MAI 6036. The presence of new reported bacterial species leads to complex disease management and highlights the need for further studies on virulence factors and the epidemiology of these pathogens.

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Performance of Breeding Lines/Cultivars of Rice Against Bacterial Leaf Blight and Sheath Rot under Field Condition

Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3923/jbs.2003.478.483 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 478-483

Author(s):

Mosharraf Hossain . ◽

Shah Md. Munirur Rah . ◽

K.M. Khalequzzaman . ◽

Md. Nazrul Islam . ◽

M. Ashrafuzzaman .

Keyword(s):

Field Condition ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Sheath Rot

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Identification and characterization of maize lines resistant to leaf diseases

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n2p517 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 517

Author(s):

Kaian Albino Corazza Kaefer ◽

Adilson Ricken Schuelter ◽

Ivan Schuster ◽

Jonatas Marcolin ◽

Eliane Cristina Gruszka Vendruscolo

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Block Design ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Gray Leaf Spot ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Northern Leaf Blight ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

White Leaf

Among the maize leaf diseases, white leaf spot, northern leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and southern rust are recognized not only by the potential for grain yield reduction but also by the widespread occurrence in the producing regions of Brazil and the world. The aim of this study was to characterize common maize lines for resistance to white leaf spot, northern leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and southern rust and suggest crosses based on the genetic diversity detected in SNP markers. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications in order to characterize 72 maize lines. Genotypic values were predicted using the REML/BLUP procedure. These 72 lines were genotyped with SNP markers using the 650K platform (Affymetrix®) for the assessment of the genetic diversity. Genetic diversity was quantified using the Tocher and UPGMA methods. The existence of genetic variability for disease resistance was detected among maize lines, which made possible to classify them into three large groups (I, II, and III). The maize lines CD 49 and CD50 showed a good performance and can be considered sources of resistance to diseases. Therefore, their use as gene donors in maize breeding programs is recommended. Considering the information of genetic distance together with high heritability for leaf diseases, backcrossing of parent genotypes with different resistance levels, such as those of the lines CD49 x CD69 and CD50 x CD16, may result in new gene combinations, as they are divergent and meet good performances.

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Development of drought‐tolerant breeding lines derived from Helianthus annuus × H. argophyllus interspecific crosses

Plant Breeding ◽

10.1111/pbr.12731 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 138 (6) ◽

pp. 862-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Muhammad Mubashar Hussain ◽

Saeed Rauf ◽

Marilyn L. Warburton

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Drought Tolerant

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Overcoming crossing barriers between nontuber-bearing and tuber-bearing Solanum species: towards potato germplasm enhancement with a broad spectrum of solanaceous genetic resources

Genome ◽

10.1139/g95-004 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 27-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

K. N. Watanabe ◽

M. Orrillo ◽

S. Vega ◽

J. P. T. Valkonen ◽

E. Pehu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Species ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Leaf Roll ◽

Reproductive Traits ◽

Solanum Species ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Potato Leaf ◽

Germplasm Enhancement ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Potato Germplasm

The first direct sexual hybrids between diploid nontuber-bearing species and diploid potato breeding lines are reported here. Three nontuberous species of Solanum, S. brevidens, S. etuberosum, and S. fernandezianum, were used for sexual crosses, achieved by a combination of rescue pollinations and embryo rescue. Initial hybrid selection was made using an embryo spot marker, followed by the evaluation of morphological and reproductive traits. Putative hybrids were first tested for resistance to potato leaf roll virus derived from the wild species, and then were tested with molecular markers using species-specific DNA probes. Finally, the tuberization of several 2x hybrids was tested for actual potato germplasm enhancement. These hybrids are unique in terms of their potential to enhance recombination between chromosomes of wild species and those of cultivated potatoes in germplasm utilization, and to exploit the genetic nature of tuber formation. The finding that nontuber-bearing Solanum spp. can be directly crossed with tuber-bearing species also has important implications for the regulatory aspects of the use of genetically modified organisms.Key words: nontuber-bearing Solanum, potato germplasm enhancement, interspecific crosses, chromosome manipulation, inter-EBN crosses, diploid.

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Resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae in Tobacco Breeding Lines Derived from Variety Beinhart 1000

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-05-12-0480-re ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 252-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kestrel McCorkle ◽

Ramsey Lewis ◽

David Shew

Keyword(s):

Partial Resistance ◽

Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Black Shank ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Stem Resistance ◽

Race 1 ◽

Low Levels ◽

Dh Lines ◽

Rapid Emergence

Black shank, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, is managed primarily by host resistance. The rapid emergence of race 1 eliminated the usefulness of available complete resistance, leading breeders to search for new sources of resistance. Cigar tobacco ‘Beinhart 1000’ (BH) is highly resistant to all races of P. nicotianae. Doubled-haploid (DH) lines from a cross of BH and the susceptible ‘Hicks’ were evaluated for black shank resistance, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) on linkage groups (LGs) 4 and 8 accounted for >43% of the phenotypic variation in resistance. Forty-three DH lines and parents were evaluated, and genotypes with one or both QTL from BH on LGs 4 and 8 had increased incubation periods and decreased root rot but higher final inoculum levels than genotypes with neither QTL. A low level of stem resistance was observed in BH and DH lines with the QTL from BH on LG 4 but not LG 8. Low levels of leaf resistance were seen for Hicks, BH, and DH lines with both QTL from BH on LG 4 and 8. The partial resistance from BH has not been used commercially and may provide an increase in level of partial resistance in future tobacco varieties.

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Evaluation of Corn Germplasm Accessions for Resistance to Clavibacter nebraskensis, Causal Agent of Goss’s Bacterial Wilt and Leaf Blight

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-19-2394-re ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 156-163

Author(s):

Kelsey M. Mehl ◽

Mark A. Mikel ◽

Carl A. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Severity Score ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Pedigree Information ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Initial Field ◽

Field Screening ◽

Second Stage ◽

Resistant Lines

Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight of corn (Zea mays), caused by Clavibacter nebraskensis, is a reemerging disease in the Midwestern United States. From 2011 to 2013, field studies and a greenhouse study were conducted to assess the University of Illinois maize inbred collection for putative sources of resistance to Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight. This inbred collection consisted of over 2,000 diverse inbred corn lines that have been collected from all over the world. An initial field screen of over 1,000 inbred lines from the collection was conducted in Urbana, IL in 2011. These lines were inoculated with a C. nebraskensis cell suspension and rated for Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight severity using a 1-to-9 scale, with a score of 1 being most resistant. Means for Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight ratings ranged from 1 to 8.5. The initial screen identified over 150 lines that had high levels of resistance (severity score of ≤2.5). In total, 177 lines were used in the second stage of field screening. In the second stage, average Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight severity ranged from 1.1 to 7.4. Nine lines with high levels of resistance in 2011 and 2012 were advanced to the third stage of field screening. The mean Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight severity rating of the resistant lines in the last stage was 1.9, while the susceptible check had a mean score of 6.4. These nine lines were also used in the greenhouse to assess whether resistance varied based on inoculating roots, stems, or leaves. Disease severity was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) less when roots were inoculated compared with both leaf and stem inoculations, which were not significantly different from each other. Lines having high levels of field resistance were also found to be resistant in greenhouse screening regardless of inoculation method. Clustering of pedigree distance of the 34 resistant lines (severity score of ≤2.5) with known pedigree information found that 21 clustered with the Lancaster heterotic family, 4 were related to the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic family, and 9 did not cluster with an identifiable heterotic family. These results show that the Lancaster family is an excellent source of Goss’s wilt resistance, and that fewer sources of resistance were found in other families. The most resistant lines identified from this research are potential sources of resistance to Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight, and their lineage can be used in corn breeding programs to develop resistant hybrids.

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