Quantification of ecosystem services providing socio-economic benefits to customary owners of natural resources in Pauri, western Himalaya

The objective of this paper is to present a review of current research on the valuation of ecosystem services, using emergy evaluation methodology (EME). A bibliometric analysis and a systematic review were carried out between 2000 and 2020, using all of Web of Science database subfields that collected 187 papers, selected through the keywords “emergy” and “ecosystem services”. In the second part of the research, we carried out a new search on Web of Science of the 187 initial articles produced, with the words “valuation” and “economic”, in order to analyze those directly related to the evaluation of ecosystem services. The results showed that the EME method is an effective tool to evaluate ecosystem services, since it relates economic and ecological aspects in the evaluations. The research also indicated that the use of isolated methods does not appear to be the most appropriate solution, and that emergy used in combination with other methodologies can be used to obtain more accurate and comprehensive results to evaluate natural resources.

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Aid, Governance and Public Finance Fraud: Evidence from Angola

Politeja ◽

10.12797/politeja.17.2020.69.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6(69)) ◽

pp. 19-50

Author(s):

Weronika J. Krawczyk

Keyword(s):

Public Finance ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Political Corruption ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Academic Community ◽

Development Aid ◽

Financial Flows ◽

Ruling Elites ◽

The Impact

This article examines the process of public finance fraud leading to unjust enrichment of ruling elites in Angola, a resource-rich, yet ironically povertytrapped country, owing to decades of rule of José Eduardo dos Santos. It analyses the phenomenon of political corruption in the Angolan context, translating into mismanagement of public revenues coming from natural resources as a means of attaining private economic benefits and consolidating power. Moreover, by examining cross-border inter-company networks aimed at concealing public assets behind front companies, the author attempts to establish a connection between corruption and illicit financial flows. Ultimately, since political corruption is intrinsically linked to governance, the article looks at the impact of the latter on social development as well as on the effectiveness of development aid granted to Angola. It was written based on secondary resources including existing literature and material evidence. Its findings and conclusions correspond with the overall theory postulated by the academic community, maintaining that natural resources and aid have negative impact on governance, institutional accountability, and in consequence on human development, especially in countries characterised by despotic rule.

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KAJIAN POTENSI HUTAN MANGROVE DI LAMPUNG MANGROVE CENTER (LMC) UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT

JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL ◽

10.30598/jhppk.2016.1.2.84 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Rusita Rusita ◽

L. Elly ◽

Rustiati Rustiati ◽

Gunardi Djoko Winarno ◽

Bainah Sari Dewi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Mangrove Forest ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Local People ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Community Perception ◽

Community Based ◽

Development Potential

Forest provides basic ecosystem services to adjacent local people welfare. Ecotourism is one of the goverment program to improve the livelihood, by full local people involvement on planning, management and evaluation. Margasari, East L ampung, with its 700 ha mangrove forest, has a ahigh potential natural resources to develop community based ecotourism program. Study on evaluating mangrove forestas community based ecotourism was conducted in Lampung Mangrove Center, Margasari, East Lampung. collected data were analyzed qualitatively using SWOT with hope to obtain a mangrove forest potential for community-based ecotourism development. Potential of mangrove forests in LMC into category medium. Total of 98 % agreed if the community perception was developed as a community-based ecotourism. Motivation tourists visiting as much as 27 % for research, 37 % for recreation and rest along the mangroves by boat (36 %). LMC real carrying capacity of area can accommodate as many as 170 people / day, while the carrying capacity of the facility and amenitas 174 people / visit. SWOT analysis illustrates the mangrove forests in LMC has potential to be developed as a community-based ecotourism destination.

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Ecosystemic Services Linked to Water and Plant diversity of the San José de Chazo-Santa Fe de Galán Region

ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. ◽

10.18502/espoch.v1i4.9523 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. Murillo Conterón ◽

R. Peña Murillo ◽

D. Román Robalino

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Vascular Plants ◽

Volumetric Method ◽

Floristic Diversity ◽

Agricultural Activities ◽

Santa Fe ◽

San Jose ◽

Importance Value ◽

Palabras Clave

In the higher part of the Santa Fe de Galán parish, intensive agricultural activities are carried out that cause problems of erosion, disappearance of species of fauna and flora, decrease in water and deterioration of páramo areas due to the advance of the agricultural frontier. These activities present a threat to the sustainability of the San José de Chazo-Santa Fe de Galán region, due to the degradation of its natural resources that directly affect the vital development of 1200 families belonging to this region. The present investigation aims to study ecosystem services linked to water, as well as floristic diversity, for which data was collected and systematized from the Ciénega páramo in the San José de Chazo-Santa Fe de Galán region. According to the data collected on floristic diversity, 29 samples of terrestrial vascular plants were registered, corresponding to 18 families, 26 genera and 29 species; moss and lichen of unidentified family, genus and species were also collected. The highest index of importance value by species and family was presented by the moss with 20.39% and 18.17%, respectively. The average monthly flow during the February–May period observed through the volumetric method was 6.34 L/s. Keywords: capacity, flow, diversity, paramo, ecosystem services, sustainability. Resumen En la parte alta de la Parroquia Santa Fe de Galán se desarrollan actividades agropecuarias intensivas que provocan problemas de erosión, desaparición de especies de fauna y flora, disminución del agua y deterioro de áreas de páramo por el avance de la frontera agrícola. Estas actividades representan una amenaza para la sostenibilidad de la Regional San José de Chazo– Santa Fe de Galán, debido a la degradación de sus recursos naturales que inciden directamente en el desarrollo vital de 1200 familias pertenecientes a esta Regional. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar los servicios ecosistémicos ligados al agua y diversidad florística, cuyos datos fueron recolectados y sistematizados del páramo de la Ciénega en la Regional San José de Chazo–Santa Fe de Galán. De acuerdo con los resultados de diversidad florística se registró 29 muestras de plantas vasculares terrestres, correspondiente a 18 familias, 26 géneros y 29 especies, también se recolectó musgo y liquen de familia, género y especie no identificados. El mayor índice de valor de importancia por especie y familia lo presentó el musgo con 20,39% y 18,17%, respectivamente. El caudal promedio mensual durante el período febrero – mayo a través del método volumétrico fue de 6,34 L/s. Palabras clave: aforo, caudal, diversidad, páramo, servicios ecosistémicos, sostenibilidad.

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Economic valuation and mapping of Ecosystem Services in the context of protected area management (Natural Park of Serra de São Mamede, Portugal)

One Ecosystem ◽

10.3897/oneeco.3.e26722 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristina Marta-Pedroso ◽

Lia Laporta ◽

Ivo Gama ◽

Tiago Domingos

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Crop Production ◽

Economic Value ◽

Market Price ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Data Availability ◽

Primary Data ◽

Natural Park

Demonstrating economic benefits generated by protected areas is often pointed out as pivotal for supporting decision-making. We argue in this paper that the concept of ecosystem services (ES), defined as the benefits humans derive from ecosystems, provides a consistent framework to approach this issue as it links ecosystem functioning and benefits, including benefits with economic value. This study aimed at providing evidence on how to bring the economic value of protected areas to the decision-making process and contributing to extend current EU Member States' experience in mapping and assessing the economic value of ES in the context of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 (Action 5). In doing so, we used the Natural Park of Serra de S. Mamede (PNSSM), located in the Alentejo NUTS II region, as a case study. We followed a three-step approach to pursue our goals, entailing stakeholders' engagement for selecting relevant ES (through a participatory workshop), biophysical mapping of ES flows (based on a multi-tiered approach depending on data availability) and spatial economic estimation of such flows (using value transfer, willingness-to-pay and market price methods). Our results indicate that the ES with highest economic value are not always the ones with higher perceived value by stakeholders. For most ES, the economic value increased with increasing protection level within the park, except for the crop production service. Although no formal uncertainty or sensitivity analysis has been performed, the following range is based on a critical assessment of non-primary data used. We estimated the aggregate annual value of PNSSM to be 11 to 33M€/year (representing 0.1 to 0.3% of the regional NUTSII Alentejo Gross Domestic Product). Our findings reinforce the need to adopt mixes of monetary and non-monetary valuation processes and not to rely just on one approach or measure of value while bringing ES into protected areas management.

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On Value and Price of Environmental Resources

Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability - Sustainability Science for Social, Economic, and Environmental Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-4995-8.ch002 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 24-32

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Environmental Resources ◽

Market Prices ◽

Environmental Resource ◽

Market Framework ◽

Fundamental Reason

This chapter talks of the inherent problems on why markets on environment and natural resources and the associated ecosystem services may fail, or have failed in some of the recent instances. The fundamental reason for this, as stated in this chapter, is the divergence of the market prices from the value of the environmental resource. As argued here, the problem essentially lies in the fact that prices discovered in the market framework do not reflect the true scarcity value of the resource under consideration.

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Methods for identifying green infrastructure

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-020-03575-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Erica Honeck ◽

Arthur Sanguet ◽

Martin A. Schlaepfer ◽

Nicolas Wyler ◽

Anthony Lehmann

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Literature Review ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Landscape Connectivity ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Political Decisions

AbstractNature forms interdependent networks in a landscape, which is key to the survival of species and the maintenance of genetic diversity. Nature provides crucial socio-economic benefits to people, but they are typically undervalued in political decisions. This has led to the concept of Green Infrastructure (GI), which defines an interlinked network of (semi-)natural areas with high ecological values for wildlife and people, to be conserved and managed in priority to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem services. This relatively new concept has been used in different contexts, but with widely diverging interpretations. There is no apparent consensus in the scientific literature on the methodology to map and implement GI. This paper serves as an informed primer for researchers that are new to GI mapping understand the key principles and terminology for the needs of their own case-study, and as a framework for more advance researchers willing to contribute to the formalization of the concept. Through a literature review of articles on creating GI networks, we summarized and evaluated commonly used methods to identify and map GI. We provided key insights for the assessment of diversity, ecosystem services and landscape connectivity, the three ‘pillars’ on which GI identification is based according to its definition. Based on this literature review, we propose 5 theoretical levels toward a more complex, reliable and integrative approach to identify GI networks. We then discuss the applications and limits of such method and point out future challenges for GI identification and implementation.

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Local Knowledge about Ecosystem Services Provided by Trees in Coffee Agroforestry Practices in Northwest Vietnam

Land ◽

10.3390/land9120486 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 486

Author(s):

Mai Phuong Nguyen ◽

Philippe Vaast ◽

Tim Pagella ◽

Fergus Sinclair

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Tree Species ◽

Market Access ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Local Context ◽

Coffee Agroforestry ◽

The Impact ◽

Agroforestry Practices

In recent decades in northwest Vietnam, Arabica coffee has been grown on sloping land in intensive, full sun monocultures that are not sustainable in the long term and have negative environmental impacts. There is an urgent need to reverse this negative trend by promoting good agricultural practices, including agroforestry, to prevent further deforestation and soil erosion on slopes. A survey of 124 farmers from three indigenous groups was conducted in northwest Vietnam to document coffee agroforestry practices and the ecosystem services associated with different tree species used in them. Trees were ranked according to the main ecosystem services and disservices considered to be locally relevant by rural communities. Our results show that tree species richness in agroforestry plots was much higher for coffee compared to non-coffee plots, including those with annual crops and tree plantations. Most farmers were aware of the benefits of trees for soil improvement, shelter (from wind and frost), and the provision of shade and mulch. In contrast, farmers had limited knowledge of the impact of trees on coffee quality and other interactions amongst trees and coffee. Farmers ranked the leguminous tree species Leucaena leucocephala as the best for incorporating in coffee plots because of the services it provides to coffee. Nonetheless, the farmers’ selection of tree species to combine with coffee was highly influenced by economic benefits provided, especially by intercropped fruit trees, which was influenced by market access, determined by the proximity of farms to a main road. The findings from this research will help local extension institutions and farmers select appropriate tree species that suit the local context and that match household needs and constraints, thereby facilitating the transition to a more sustainable and climate-smart coffee production practice.

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Australia?s Biodiversity and Climate Change

Pacific Conservation Biology ◽

10.1071/pc100221 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 221

Author(s):

David Goodall

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Biodiversity Conservation ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Natural Resources Management ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Resources Management ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Ministerial Council

This volume is the result of an initiative by the Natural Resources Management Ministerial Council, to assess the vulnerability of Australia?s biodiversity to climate change. It may be said at once that this remit is interpreted, not as referring to changes in ?biodiversity? as usually understood ? the number of species present ? but rather as covering all responses of organisms and the ecosystems in which they participate to the climate changes now in progress and in prospect. This extension of ?biodiversity? is clarified by the statement that ?modern biodiversity conservation . . . should ensure . . . the maintenance of ecological processes and the delivery of ecosystem services?.

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