Enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in Ethiopian cutaneous leishmaniasis upon exposure to Leishmania aethiopica

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of Human Beta Defensin (hBD) 2 and 3, chemokine and cytokine expressions between teeth endodontically diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP), asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis (ASIP) and normal pulps. We hypothesized that there would be a correlation between hBD’s and the immunoregulatory response. Design: Pulpal samples were collected with paper points. Six samples were obtained from normal teeth, 21 from SIP, 18 from ASIP. Levels of cytokines and betadefensins were measured by Luminex technology and ELISA, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation test. Differences were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: hBD-2 levels correlated with samples obtained from patients in the ASIP group, but not in the samples obtained from patients with SIP or the control group. HBD-3 concentrations associated with all of the cytokines and chemokines in both SIP and ASIP groups. However, in the normal group, hBD-3 correlated with only TNFα, IL-8, MCP-1, IL-1β, MIP-1a, RANTES, IL-17 in normal group. When comparing control levels of hBD-2 and hBD-3 with patients samples from either the ASIP or the SIP groups, hBD-2 and hBD-3 concentrations were highest in the ASIP group. Conclusions: The hBD-2 and-3 were highly associated with the levels of the chemokines and cytokines in ASIP group. HBD-3 concentrations correlate with the levels of the chemokines and the cytokines in the SIP and ASIP groups.

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Host F-box protein 22 enhances the uptake of Brucella by macrophages and drives a sustained release of pro-inflammatory cytokines through degradation of the anti-inflammatory effector proteins of Brucella.

10.1101/2021.03.15.435452 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Girish Radhakrishnan ◽

Varadendra Mazumdar ◽

Kiranmai Joshi ◽

Binita Roy Nandi ◽

Swapna Namani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Effector Proteins ◽

Host Protein ◽

Limited Information ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Scf Complex ◽

Enhanced Production ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Brucella species are intracellular bacterial pathogens, causing the world-wide zoonotic disease, brucellosis. Brucella invade professional and non-professional phagocytic cells, followed by resisting intracellular killing and establishing a replication permissive niche. Brucella also modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host for their chronic persistence. The complex intracellular cycle of Brucella majorly depends on multiple host factors but limited information is available on host and bacterial proteins that play essential role in the invasion, intracellular replication and modulation of host immune responses. By employing an siRNA screening, we identified a role for the host protein, FBXO22 in Brucella -macrophage interaction. FBXO22 is the key element in the SCF E3 ubiquitination complex where it determines the substrate specificity for ubiquitination and degradation of various host proteins. Downregulation of FBXO22 by siRNA or CRISPR-Cas9 system, resulted diminished uptake of Brucella into macrophages, which was dependent on NF-κB-mediated regulation of phagocytic receptors. FBXO22 expression was upregulated in Brucella -infected macrophages that resulted induction of phagocytic receptors and enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through NF-κB. Furthermore, we found that FBXO22 recruits the effector proteins of Brucella , including the anti-inflammatory proteins, TcpB and OMP25 for degradation through the SCF complex. We did not observe any role for another F-box containing protein of SCF complex, β-TrCP in Brucella -macrophage interaction. Our findings unravel novel functions of FBXO22 in host-pathogen interaction and its contribution to pathogenesis of infectious diseases.

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Chijabyukpi-Tang Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines via the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in TNF-α/IFN-γ-Stimulated HaCaT Cells and Ameliorates 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in Mice

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2020.01018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ji-Hyun Lee ◽

Ji-Ye Lim ◽

Eun Hee Jo ◽

Hyeon Min Noh ◽

Sunggu Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Hacat Cells ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

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Bromelain treatment decreases secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by colon biopsies in vitro

Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.clim.2007.11.002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 126 (3) ◽

pp. 345-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Jane E. Onken ◽

Paula K. Greer ◽

Brian Calingaert ◽

Laura P. Hale

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

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Ex Vivo Rumex Crispus and Cordyceps Sinensis Mixture Regulates Immune Cells Responses to Pro-inflammatory Cytokines inC57BL/6 mice Splenocytes

10.20944/preprints201807.0104.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eui-Seong Park ◽

Gyl-Hoon Song ◽

Seung-Min Lee ◽

Yong-Gyu Kim ◽

Kun-Young Park

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Cordyceps Sinensis ◽

No Production ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Rumex Crispus ◽

Enhanced Production ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

We investigated the efficacy of a Rumex crispus and Cordyceps sinensis mixture made using the Beopje (Korea traditional processing method to remove anti-nutrients and enhance phytochemicals) method to regulate immune cell responses toward nitric oxide (NO) production, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inflammation related genes in mice splenocytes. The six experimental groups were as follows: control (control), Rc-Cs (Rumex crispus (Rc) and Cordyceps sinensis (Cs) mixture, 6:4), TMC (Taemyeongcheong, commercial healthy drink containing Rc-Cs), LPS (lipopolysaccharide), LPS+Rc-Cs, and LPS+TMC. The Rc-Cs mixture reduced nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced splenocytes. Moreover, Rc-Cs enhanced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 compared to the control (no treatment). However, Rc-Cs inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced splenocytes. In addition, LPS+Rc-Cs also significantly suppressed mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 compared to LPS treatment. Interestingly, Rc-Cs did not increase mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2, which are inflammation related genes compared to the control, while LPS+Rc-Cs reduced mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2 compared LPS alone (p < 0.05). TMC showed a similar pattern compared to Rc-Cs. Therefore, Rc-Cs treatment in splenocytes enhanced NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to the control, whereas Rc-Cs treatment in LPS-induced splenocytes reduced NO production, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inflammation related genes. Thus, Rc-Cs regulated immune cells responses by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines in splenocytes and reducing toxin (LPS)-induced inflammation. These results indicate that a Rumex crispus and Cordyceps sinensis mixture (Rc-Cs) and TMC containing Rc-Cs promote immune cells responses and anti-inflammatory activities.

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Combating COVID-19 with Mesenchymal Stem Cell therapy

10.31219/osf.io/3ecda ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shashikant Ray ◽

Keshav Rajarshi ◽

Aroni Chatterjee

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Multiple Organ ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The world is currently facing one of its deadliest nightmares, the rise of a global pandemic called COVID-19. The disease is caused by a positive stranded RNA virus called SARS-CoV-2. The virus mainly targets the pulmonary epithelial cells as it’s initial site of infection by letting its surface spike protein interact and bind to the host ACE2 receptor. The internalization and gradual replication of the virus results in an exaggerated immune response triggering release of many pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This immune storm is responsible for multiple health hazards in the host ultimately leading to multiple organ failure. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy offers a promising approach towards mitigating the delirious effects of the infection in the COVID-19 patients. This therapy has shown to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as repair of damaged tissues in COVID-19 patients. This review has been organized to put forward all the positive aruments and implications in support of mesenchymal stem cell therapy as a necessary approach for treating COVID-19 patients.

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