Introducing anatomical techniques to subfossil wood

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Reinig ◽  
Holger Gärtner ◽  
Alan Crivellaro ◽  
Daniel Nievergelt ◽  
Maren Pauly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subfossil Wood

A NEW OPPORTUNITY FOR RESEARCH IN ROMANIA – SUBFOSSIL WOOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Emanuela BELDEAN ◽  
Maria Cristina TIMAR
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Subfossil Wood

The present paper is a literature review related to subfossil wood, which aims at acquiring knowledge and understanding of the material. The study presents methods for old wood chronology and some properties such as: structural, chemical, physical, and mechanical, compared with recent wood. The results are very useful for the wood industry and will open new paths for the research of this material.

scholarly journals Neoglacial history of Robson Glacier, British Columbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1153-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Luckman ◽  
M.H. Masiokas ◽  
K. Nicolussi
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Canadian Rockies ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subfossil Wood ◽  
Glacier Advance

As glaciers in the Canadian Rockies recede, glacier forefields continue to yield subfossil wood from sites overridden by these glaciers during the Holocene. Robson Glacier in British Columbia formerly extended below tree line, and recession over the last century has progressively revealed a number of buried forest sites that are providing one of the more complete records of glacier history in the Canadian Rockies during the latter half of the Holocene. The glacier was advancing ca. 5.5 km upvalley of the Little Ice Age terminus ca. 5.26 cal ka BP, at sites ca. 2 km upvalley ca. 4.02 cal ka BP and ca. 3.55 cal ka BP, and 0.5–1 km upvalley between 1140 and 1350 A.D. There is also limited evidence based on detrital wood of an additional period of glacier advance ca. 3.24 cal ka BP. This record is more similar to glacier histories further west in British Columbia than elsewhere in the Rockies and provides the first evidence for a post-Hypsithermal glacier advance at ca. 5.26 cal ka BP in the Rockies. The utilization of the wiggle-matching approach using multiple 14C dates from sample locations determined by dendrochronological analyses enabled the recognition of 14C outliers and an increase in the precision and accuracy of the dating of glacier advances.

Remanent magnetization of subfossil wood

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 455-455
Author(s):  
E. Růžičková ◽  
A. Zeman ◽  
M. Krs ◽  
P. Pruner ◽  
J. Dobrý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Subfossil Wood

scholarly journals Radiocarbon “Wiggles” in Great Lakes Wood at About 10,000 to 12,000 BP

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 855-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W Leavitt ◽  
Irina P Panyushkina ◽  
Todd Lange ◽  
Li Cheng ◽  
Allan F Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
East Central ◽  
Subfossil Wood ◽  
Upper Peninsula Of Michigan ◽  
Source Of Error

High-resolution radiocarbon calibration for the last 14,000 cal yr has been developed in large part using European oaks and pines. Recent subfossil wood collections from the Great Lakes region provide an opportunity to measure 14C activity in decadal series of rings in North America prior to the White Mountains bristlecone record. We developed decadal 14C series from wood at the classic Two Creeks site (∼11,850 BP) in east-central Wisconsin, the Liverpool East site (∼10,250 BP) in northwestern Indiana, and the Gribben Basin site (∼10,000 BP) in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Initial AMS dates on holocellulose produced younger-than-expected ages for most Two Creeks subsamples and for a few samples from the other sites, prompting a systematic comparison of chemical pretreatment using 2 samples from each site, and employing holocellulose, AAA-treated holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, and AAA-treated whole wood. The testing could not definitively reveal the source of error in the original analyses, but the “best” original ages together with new AAA-treated holocellulose and α-cellulose ages were visually fitted to the IntCal04 calibration curve at ages of 13,760–13,530 cal BP for the Two Creeks wood, 12,100–12,020 cal BP for Liverpool East, and 11,300–11,170 cal BP for Gribben Basin. The Liverpool East age falls squarely within the Younger Dryas (YD) period, whereas the Gribben Basin age appears to postdate the YD by ∼300 yr, although high scatter in the decadal Gribben Basin results could accommodate an older age nearer the end of the YD.

Disentangling the effects of micro-site ecology on Fennoscandian tree growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Hartl ◽  
Elisabeth Düthorn ◽  
Ernesto Tejedor Vargas ◽  
Andreas Kirchhefer ◽  
Mauri Timonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Northern Fennoscandia ◽  
Climate Reconstructions ◽  
Subfossil Wood ◽  
July Temperature ◽  
Site Ecology

<p>The long tradition in dendroclimatological studies across Fennoscandia is mainly due to the exceptional strong temperature sensitivity of tree growth, as well as the existence of well-preserved subfossil wood in shallow lakes and extent peat bogs. Although some of the world’s advanced multi-millennial-long ring width and density based climate reconstructions have been developed in northern Fennoscandia, it is still unclear if differences in micro-site ecology have been considered sufficiently in previous studies. In order to assess the effects of moist lakeshores versus drier inlands on forest productivity, we present a Fennoscandia-wide network of 44 Scots pine ring width chronologies from 22 locations between 59°-70°N and 16°-31°E. Clustering into coastal settings in northern Norway, continental sites in the lee of the Scands north of the polar circle, and locations south of the polar circle, our network reveals a general dependency of pine growth rates on latitude and July temperature. Differences between moist and dry sites are likely caused by associated effects on soil temperature. While trees at moist micro-sites at western locations exhibit higher growth rates, this pattern inverses under the more continental conditions of the east, where increased ring widths are found at drier sites. In addition to the latitudinal increase in growth sensitivity to July temperature, pines at moist sites tend to show a higher dependency to summer warmth. The highest temperature sensitivity and growth coherency is found in those regions where July temperatures range between 11.5 and 13.5°C and May precipitation totals fall below 100mm. This study not only emphasizes the effects of micro-site ecology on Fennoscandian tree growth, but also provides guidance for the selection of sampling sites for climate reconstructions.</p>

Little Ice Age fluctuations of Glaciar Río Manso in the North Patagonian Andes of Argentina

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Masiokas ◽  
B.H. Luckman ◽  
R. Villalba ◽  
A. Ripalta ◽  
J. Rabassa
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Lateral Moraine ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Subfossil Wood ◽  
Moraine Ridge ◽  
Patagonian Andes

Little Ice Age (LIA) fluctuations of Glaciar R"o Manso, north Patagonian Andes, Argentina are studied using information from previous work and dendrogeomorphological analyses of living and subfossil wood. The most extensive LIA expansion occurred between the late 1700s and the 1830"1840s. Except for a massive older frontal moraine system apparently predating ca. 2240 14C yr BP and a small section of a south lateral moraine ridge that is at least 300 yr old, the early nineteenth century advance overrode surficial evidence of any earlier LIA glacier events. Over the past 150 yr the gently sloping, heavily debris-covered lower glacier tongue has thinned significantly, but several short periods of readvance or stasis have been identified and tree-ring dated to the mid-1870s, 1890s, 1900s, 1920s, 1950s, and the mid-1970s. Ice mass loss has increased in recent years due to calving into a rapidly growing proglacial lake. The neighboring debris-free and land-based Glaciar Fr"as has also retreated markedly in recent years but shows substantial differences in the timing of the peak LIA advance (early 1600s). This indicates that site-specific factors can have a significant impact on the resulting glacier records and should thus be considered carefully in the development and assessment of regional glacier chronologies.

WOOD ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ANCIENT BURIED LOGS OF FITZROYA CUPRESSOlDES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
María A. Castro ◽  
Fidel A. Roig
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ancient Wood ◽  
Subfossil Wood ◽  
Anatomy And Ultrastructure

The anatomy and ultrastructure of subfossil wood of Fitzroya cupressoides from the late Pleistocene (>50,000 14C years before present) were compared with those of extant F. cupressoides trees from southern Chile, using light microscopy (polarized light and ftuorescence), scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system, and transmission electron microscopy. The ancient wood showed an unchanged gross wood structure, loss of cell wall birefringence, loss of lignin autoftuorescence, and a loss of the original microfibrillar pattern. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated higher than normal contents of S, Cl, and Na in subfossil wood. Ultrastructural modifications in the cell wall of the subfossil wood could have important implications for further studies involving isotopic and wood anatomical measurements of ancient wood.

scholarly journals Improved recovery of ancient DNA from subfossil wood - application to the world's oldest Late Glacial pine forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertalan Lendvay ◽  
Martin Hartmann ◽  
Sabine Brodbeck ◽  
Daniel Nievergelt ◽  
Frederick Reinig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Subfossil Wood

scholarly journals Oxygen Isotopes in Tree Rings from Greenland: A New Proxy of NAO

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Chenxi Xu ◽  
Brendan M. Buckley ◽  
Shih-Yu Simon Wang ◽  
Wenling An ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Record ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Subfossil Wood

We present the first Greenlandic tree ring oxygen isotope record (δ18OGTR), derived from four birch trees collected from the Qinguadalen Valley in southwestern Greenland in 1999. Our δ18O record spans from 1950–1999 and is significantly and positively correlated with winter ice core δ18O from southern Greenland. δ18OGTR records are positively correlated with southwestern Greenland January–August mean temperatures. North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) reconstructions have been developed from a variety of proxies, but never with Greenlandic tree rings, and our δ18OGTR record is significantly correlated with NAO (r = −0.64), and spatial correlations with sea-level pressure indicate a classic NAO pressure seesaw pattern. These results may facilitate a longer NAO reconstruction based on long time series of tree ring δ18O records from Greenland, provided that subfossil wood can be found in areas vacated by melting glaciers.

A New Graphitization System for Radiocarbon Dating with AMS in the Dendrochronological Laboratory at AGH-UST Kraków

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Krąpiec ◽  
Andrzej Rakowski ◽  
Matthias Huels ◽  
Damian Wiktorowski ◽  
Christian Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Chemical Preparation ◽  
Vacuum Line ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Subfossil Wood

AbstractA new vacuum system for the preparation of graphite samples for radiocarbon (14C) measurement using an accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) was constructed at the Dendrochronological Laboratory in AGH-UST Kraków. The central part of the system is a manual vacuum line for the production of graphite from carbon dioxide for subsequent AMS measurements. The graphitization system can handle up to five samples simultaneously, and the process lasts for approximately 1 hour. The graphitization line was built to support the preparation of wood samples for a project dedicated to dating a subfossil tree from the Younger Dryas period. For this purpose, the chemical preparation procedure for wood samples was optimized to obtain more reliable results. This includes the extraction of α-cellulose to increase the precision of the age determination. The performance of the system was tested with NIST OxII, IAEA standards (IAEA C3, C5, C6, and C8), and background samples. The results of the 13 samples of subfossil wood were tested and are presented. The methodology gives good reproducibility of results obtained for the samples prepared using this system.

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