Dynamic simulation of secondary treatment processes using trickling filters in a sewage treatment works in Howrah, west Bengal, India

The most economic combination of unit treatment processes for a new sewage treatment works in Zimbabwe was found to be anaerobic ponds followed by trickling filters. The regulations governing irrigation with treated effluent permitted the omission of humus tanks or further treatment. Two stage anaerobic ponds are desludged by gravity through fixed sludge outlet pipework. Sludge is disposed of by irrigation of a Eucalyptus plantation. Novel features of the inlet works and pond outlets are also described. The works has functioned for eight years without major problems, but the assumption that humus tanks or settling ponds were not required may have been mistaken. The sludge removal system has worked well. Without the sludge pipework, it is estimated that desludging of the primary ponds would have been required after two years of operation, but they have now operated successfully for eight years. The combination of anaerobic ponds and trickling filters should be considered where land availability or site conditions make facultative ponds difficult or expensive to construct.

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Dynamic simulation of activated sludge based wastewater treatment processes: Case studies with Titagarh Sewage Treatment Plant, India

Desalination ◽

10.1016/j.desal.2009.10.014 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 252 (1-3) ◽

pp. 120-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ujjaini Sarkar ◽

Dwaipayan Dasgupta ◽

Trina Bhattacharya ◽

Sandip Pal ◽

Tamaghna Chakroborty

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Case Studies ◽

Dynamic Simulation ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Processes

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Sewage Treatment in Helophyte Beds–First Experiences with a New Treatment Procedure

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1987.0091 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. Bucksteeg

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Root Zone ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Uptake Capacity ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Trickling Filters ◽

Operation Conditions

Waste water treatment in helophyte beds under humid climate conditions has been favoured by some German ecologists for some years. The idea is to cause waste water to flow horizontally through the root zone of helophytes to achieve satisfactory effluent properties. There exist many highly different proposals regarding the choice of soil and helophytes to be applied, bed area, design of inlets and outlets and operation conditions. A few plants have been operated in practice for some years. It appears that clogging is one of the main problems occurring in these plants. The hydraulic uptake capacity of soil is discussed in Darcy's law. Comparisons with observations of plants in operation are drawn. The interactions between soil properties, its uptake capacity, BOD5-, COD-, N- and P-reduction are evaluated. The effluent results of helophyte beds are compared with those of low-loaded trickling filters and of ponds used for sewage treatment in small villages in rural areas of Germany. It has been proved that the total construction costs of sewage treatment plants with helophyte beds used as the biological stage are higher when compared with those of conventional plants in general.

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Dynamic simulation of sludge blanket movements in a full-scale rectangular sedimentation basin

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0009 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 89-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

F. Göhle ◽

A. Finnson ◽

B. Hultman

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Simulation ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Full Scale ◽

Simulation Studies ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Sedimentation Basin ◽

Near Future ◽

Sludge Concentration

Bromma sewage treatment plant in Stockholm is the second largest plant in Stockholm and will in the near future have requirements for nitrogen removal. This means that a higher sludge age must be used in the aeration basin. This may be accomplished by an increase of the sludge concentration up to values until the limiting solids flux is exceeded. Measurement of the sludge blanket level is a possibility for better control of the sedimentation basin. Different measurements were performed to evaluate the main factors influencing the level. Dynamic simulation studies were performed at Bromma sewage treatment plant in Stockholm of the sludge blanket level and the return sludge concentration in a full-scale sedimentation basin. The simulations were performed with the help of a Danish simulation package, EFOR (1992), in which both reactions in the aeration basin (mainly based on the IAWPRC model) and separation processes in the sedimentation basin (both clarification and thickening) can be studied. The thickening model is based on the solids flux theory and the Vesilind formula (1979). Different methods were compared for determination and use of characteristic parameters in the Vesilind formula.

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Dynamic simulation of a low loaded trickling filter for nitrification

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0202 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 163-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Seggelke ◽

F. Obenaus ◽

K.-H. Rosenwinkel

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Simulation ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Full Scale ◽

Trickling Filter ◽

Examination Period ◽

Trickling Filters ◽

Biofilm Model ◽

Measuring Campaign

For this report, an existing biofilm model was examined in regard to its suitability for the simulation of full scale trickling filter for nitrification. The system was calibrated using the results ascertained in a measuring campaign under dry weather conditions. The verification was done using the results of a second examination period which included spells of stormwater input. It was possible for all periods to satisfactorily illustrate the degradation performance of the simulated trickling filters in regard to dynamics and quantity.

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Mechanical properties of hybrid additively manufactured Inconel 718 parts created via thermal control after secondary treatment processes

Journal of Materials Processing Technology ◽

10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 291 ◽

pp. 117047

Author(s):

Jennifer Glerum ◽

Jennifer Bennett ◽

Kornel Ehmann ◽

Jian Cao

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Inconel 718 ◽

Thermal Control ◽

Secondary Treatment ◽

Treatment Processes

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Occurrence and elimination of antibiotics at four sewage treatment plants in Japan and their effects on bacterial ammonia oxidation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2009.067 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 779-786 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Gopal Chandra Ghosh ◽

Takashi Okuda ◽

Naoyuki Yamashita ◽

Hiroaki Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Ammonia Oxidation ◽

Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Secondary Treatment ◽

Mixed Condition ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants

The occurrence and elimination of seventeen antibiotics (three macrolides: azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin; five quinolones: ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid and norfloxacin; five sulfonamides: sulfadimethoxine, sulfadimizine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamonomethoxine; and others: tetracycline, lincomycin, salinomycin and trimethoprim) were investigated at four full-scale sewage treatment plants in Japan. The highest concentration was recorded for clarithromycin (1,129 to 4,820 ng/L) in influent, followed by azithromycin (160 to 1,347 ng/L), levofloxacin (255 to 587 ng/L) and norfloxacin (155 to 486 ng/L). A vary inconsistence picture was obtained with negative to over 90% removal. Nalidixic acid (53 to100%) exhibited higher removal efficiency followed by norfloxacin (75 to 95%), levofloxacin (40 to 90%), ciprofloxacin (60 to 83%) and enrofloxacin (38 to 74%). Among macrolides, clarithromycin (50 to 88%) and azithromycin (34 to 86%) showed relatively higher removal efficiency than roxithromycin (−32 to 59%). For most of the antibiotics removal efficiency was higher in A2O and AO based secondary treatment process than CAS process. The effect of the antibiotics on bacterial ammonia oxidation determined by oxygen uptake rate presented that there was no significant effect below 0.05 mg/L of each antibiotics. Even at the same concentration, antibiotics in mixed condition had higher inhibition effects than individuals.

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Enteric viruses in inlet and outlet samples from sewage treatment plants

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2006.0016 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 197-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

M. Myrmel ◽

E. M.M. Berg ◽

B. Grinde ◽

E. Rimstad

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

High Viral Load ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Advanced Treatment ◽

Secondary Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Viral Contamination ◽

Viral Particles

Samples collected every two weeks from the inlet and outlet of three sewage treatment plants were screened for the presence of noro-, rota-, astro-, adeno-, hepatitis A- and circoviruses by (RT)-nested PCR, and for F-specific bacteriophages by isolation in Escherichia coli Famp. Plants A and B were secondary treatment plants and plant C used primary treatment. Noroviruses were detected in 43%, 53% and 24% of the inlet samples and 26%, 40% and 21% of the outlet samples from plants A, B and C, respectively. Astroviruses, rotaviruses and adenoviruses were more prevalent. Adenoviruses were detected in 96% of inlet and 94% of outlet samples, supporting the potential of these viruses as indicators of viral contamination from sewage. Hepatitis A virus and circoviruses were found only rarely. Reduction of infective viral particles during sewage treatment was evaluated using F-specific bacteriophages. The phages were reduced by, respectively, 99%, 87% and 0% in plants A, B and C, which corresponded to the observed differences in reduction of norovirus positive samples between the same plants. The study shows that the high viral load in sewage results in a discharge to the environment of a large amount of virus despite sewage treatment. On the other hand, the advantage of a more advanced treatment is demonstrated.

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