Dataset for evaluating WRF-Chem sensitivity to biogenic emission inventories in a tropical region. Global online model (MEGAN) vs local offline model (BIGA)

Indonesia daerah tropis yang baik untuk perkembangan jenis nyamuk sehingga membahayakan kesehatan. Indonesia kaya tanaman tradisional untuk pengobatan. Salah Satunya Mahoni (Swietenia mahogany (L.)Jacq) pada bagian biji yang digunakan masyarakat untuk pengobatan malaria, diabetes, dan darah tinggi. Kandungan pada biji Mahoni yaitu saponin dan flavanoid dapat digunakan sebagai sediaan obat anti nyamuk. Sampel penelitian ini adalah biji mahoni yang diambil dari Taman Remaja Kota Bengkulu lalu di maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol p.a dan etanol 96% selanjutnya ekstrak dibuat menjadi 3 konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu 1%, 3% dan 5%. Kemudian dibuat keping anti nyamuk dan di buat obat anti nyamuknya, dilanjutkan dengan pengujian evalusi ekstrak meliputi uji organoleptis, uji kadar abu dan uji rendemen kemudian pengujian evalusi sediaan yang meliputi uji organoleptis, uji keping anti nyamuk dan uji ketahanan sediaan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan, ekstrak metanol biji mahoni dapat mempengaruhi sifat fisik sediaan keping nyamuk, Ekstrak biji mahoni berwarna coklat sampai kemerahan, memiliki bau khas (aroma kacang tanah), konsistensi cukup padat sedikit berminyak dan berasa pahit. Uji parameter standar menghasilkan data untuk rendemen sebesar 0,8235% untuk metanol dan 0,6747% untuk etanol, kadar abu untuk metanol 1,249% dan untuk etanol 1,022%. sehingga ekstrak metanol biji mahoni dapat dibuat menjadi sediaan keping anti nyamuk.Indonesia tropical region places the development some mosquitoes that endanger health. Indonesia traditional crops can used for treatment. Mahoni (Swietenia mahogany (L.)Jacq) a plant which usually treatment. Especially part of the seed malaria drugs, diabetes and high blood pseasure.That in the seeds of mahoni there is saponin and flavonid can be used as a mosquito repellent. The sample this research is seeds mahoni taken from the Remaja Bengkulu Pares. Processed maserasi with methanol solvent p.a and ethanol 96% next methanol made to 3 concentration an extract that 1%, 3% and 5%. Created pieces of mosquito repellent and mosquito repellent that followed terts the evaluation of extract. covers organoleptis, ash content and rendemen and testing performed and evaluation dosage, includes organoleptis, pieces mosquito repellent and dosage resutance.Result experiment is extract methanol seeds mahoni 82,35 gram and extract ethanol seeds mahoni 67,47 gram. Extract colored from dark brown to reddish, have peanut like aroma, adequate compact consistency, bitter taste and not sticky in hand. The result of standard quality parameters rendemen extract methanol 0,8235% and rendemen extract ethanol 0,6747%, ash content extract methanol 1,247% and ash content extract ethanol 1,022%. so that the extract of methanol mahogany seeds can made into anti-mosquito

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Estimating CO2 Emissions from Large Scale Coal-Fired Power Plants Using OCO-2 Observations and Emission Inventories

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12070811 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 811

Author(s):

Yaqin Hu ◽

Yusheng Shi

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Power Plants ◽

Large Scale ◽

Global Climate ◽

Gaussian Model ◽

Point Sources ◽

Emission Inventories ◽

Bottom Up

The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased rapidly worldwide, aggravating the global greenhouse effect, and coal-fired power plants are one of the biggest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions in China. However, efficient methods that can quantify CO2 emissions from individual coal-fired power plants with high accuracy are needed. In this study, we estimated the CO2 emissions of large-scale coal-fired power plants using Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite data based on remote sensing inversions and bottom-up methods. First, we mapped the distribution of coal-fired power plants, displaying the total installed capacity, and identified two appropriate targets, the Waigaoqiao and Qinbei power plants in Shanghai and Henan, respectively. Then, an improved Gaussian plume model method was applied for CO2 emission estimations, with input parameters including the geographic coordinates of point sources, wind vectors from the atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate, and OCO-2 observations. The application of the Gaussian model was improved by using wind data with higher temporal and spatial resolutions, employing the physically based unit conversion method, and interpolating OCO-2 observations into different resolutions. Consequently, CO2 emissions were estimated to be 23.06 ± 2.82 (95% CI) Mt/yr using the Gaussian model and 16.28 Mt/yr using the bottom-up method for the Waigaoqiao Power Plant, and 14.58 ± 3.37 (95% CI) and 14.08 Mt/yr for the Qinbei Power Plant, respectively. These estimates were compared with three standard databases for validation: the Carbon Monitoring for Action database, the China coal-fired Power Plant Emissions Database, and the Carbon Brief database. The comparison found that previous emission inventories spanning different time frames might have overestimated the CO2 emissions of one of two Chinese power plants on the two days that the measurements were made. Our study contributes to quantifying CO2 emissions from point sources and helps in advancing satellite-based monitoring techniques of emission sources in the future; this helps in reducing errors due to human intervention in bottom-up statistical methods.

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Hourly emission inventories for air toxic emissions for eastern Australian electricity generators derived from energy distribution data

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s13762-021-03429-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Garg ◽

J. D. Silver ◽

R. Schofield ◽

R. G. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Energy Distribution ◽

Distribution Data ◽

Emission Inventories ◽

Toxic Emissions

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LC–MS/MS Analysis of Ciguatoxins Revealing the Regional and Species Distinction of Fish in the Tropical Western Pacific

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9030299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 299 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Naomasa Oshiro ◽

Takumi Tomikawa ◽

Kyoko Kuniyoshi ◽

Akira Ishikawa ◽

Hajime Toyofuku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

The Philippines ◽

Western Pacific ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Northern Coast ◽

Coastal Regions ◽

Main Island ◽

Tropical Western Pacific ◽

The Pacific ◽

Fish Samples

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is one of the most frequently reported seafood poisoning diseases. It is endemic to the tropical region and occurs most commonly in the regions around the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Caribbean Sea. The principal toxins causing CFP are ciguatoxins (CTXs). In the Pacific region, more than 20 analogs of CTXs have been identified to date. Based on their skeletal structures, they are classified into CTX1B-type and CTX3C-type toxins. We have previously reported species-specific and regional-specific toxin profiles. In this study, the levels and profiles of CTXs in fish present in the tropical western Pacific regions were analyzed using the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technique. Forty-two fish specimens, belonging to the categories of snappers, groupers, Spanish mackerel, and moray eel, were purchased from various places such as Fiji, the Philippines, Thailand, and Taiwan. Only the fish captured from Fijian coastal waters contained detectable amounts of CTXs. The toxin levels in the fish species found along the coastal regions of the Viti Levu Island, the main island in Fiji, and the toxin profiles were significantly different from those of the fish species present in other coastal regions. The toxin levels and profiles varied among the different fish samples collected from different coastal areas. Based on the toxin levels and toxin profiles, the coast was demarcated into three zones. In Zone-1, which covers the northern coast of the main island and the regions of the Malake Island and Korovau, CTXs in fish were below the detection level. In Zone-2, CTX3C-type toxins were present in low levels in the fish. CTX1B-type and CTX3C-type toxins co-occurred in the fish present in Zone-3. The toxin profiles may have reflected the variation in Gambierdiscus spp.

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6 Animal performance in grass monoculture or silvopasture systems using tree legumes

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 18-19

Author(s):

Izabela Aline Gomes da Silva ◽

Jose Carlos Batista Dubeux ◽

Alexandre C Leão de Mello ◽

Márcio Vieira da Cunha ◽

Mércia Ferreira dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Stocking Rate ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Management Option ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Silvopasture systems (SPS) area management option to enhance delivery of ecosystem services and diversification of income. This study evaluated productive responses of signalgrass (UrochloadecumbensStapf.) in monoculture or in SPS in the sub-humid tropical region of Brazil during six months of the rainy season. The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. Treatments were signalgrass + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (SPS-Mimosa); signalgrass + Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) (SPS-Gliricidia); and signalgrass monoculture. Cattle were managed under continuous stocking with variable stocking rate. Response variables included herbage mass (HM), herbage accumulation (HA), stocking rate (SR), average daily gain (ADG), and gain per area (GPA). Herbage mass (HM) was greater (P < 0.0001) on signal grass monoculture (2045 kg DM/ha) than in SPS (1370 kg DM/ha, average for both SPS). Herbage accumulation rate was similar for signalgrass in monoculture and SPS-Gliricidia (avg. 61 kg DM ha-1 d-1), and both were greater than SPS-Mimosa (37 kg DM ha-1 d-1). Average daily gain was greater(P < 0.0001) for SPS-Gliricidia (1.1 kg head-1 d-1), followed by signalgrass in monoculture (0.9 kg head-1 d-1), and SPS-Mimosa (0.3 kg head-1 d-1). Stocking rate ranged from 0.6 animal units (1AU = 450-kg animal) per ha in April to 2.2 AUha-1 in June. Stocking rate and animal performance per area were similar for signalgrass in monoculture and SPS-Gliricidia, and both greater than SPS-Mimosa. Gliricidia enhanced animal performance and provided ecosystem services. Mimosa, however, reduced animal performance likely due to the competition with signalgrass. Mimosa trees, however, are an important source of income (timber used for fence posts) and that might overcome the losses in animal performance.

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Emission Inventories and Particulate Matter Air Quality Modeling over the Pearl River Delta Region

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4155

Author(s):

Diogo Lopes ◽

Joana Ferreira ◽

Ka In Hoi ◽

Ka-Veng Yuen ◽

Kai Meng Mok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Pearl River Delta ◽

Air Quality Modeling ◽

Pearl River ◽

Emission Inventories ◽

Atmospheric Emission ◽

The Pearl River Delta ◽

Quality Modeling ◽

The Pearl River

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region is located on the southeast coast of mainland China and it is an important economic hub. The high levels of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere, however, and poor visibility have become a complex environmental problem for the region. Air quality modeling systems are useful to understand the temporal and spatial distribution of air pollution, making use of atmospheric emission data as inputs. Over the years, several atmospheric emission inventories have been developed for the Asia region. The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the air quality modeling system for simulating PM concentrations over the PRD using three atmospheric emission inventories (i.e., EDGAR, REAS and MIX) during a winter and a summer period. In general, there is a tendency to underestimate PM levels, but results based on the EDGAR emission inventory show slightly better accuracy. However, improvements in the spatial and temporal disaggregation of emissions are still needed to properly represent PRD air quality. This study’s comparison of the three emission inventories’ data, as well as their PM simulating outcomes, generates recommendations for future improvements to atmospheric emission inventories and our understanding of air pollution problems in the PRD region.

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