Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study at King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah

Background: The association between tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is re-emerging with the epidemic of type II diabetes. Both TB and DM were of the top 10 causes of death.[1] This study explores diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for developing the different antitubercular drug-resistant (DR) patterns among TB patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study has been conducted on all TB cases reported to the King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, between January 2012 to January 2021. All culture-confirmed and PCR-positive TB cases were included in this study. Categorical baseline characteristic of TB patient has been compared with DM status by using Fisher's exact and Pearson chi-square test. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between DM and different drug resistance patterns. Results: Of the total 695 diagnosed TB patients, 92 (13.24%) are resistant to 1st line anti TB drugs. Among 92 DR-TB patients, 36 (39.13%) are diabetic. The percentage of different patterns of DR-TB with DM, in the case of mono DR (12.09%), poly DR (4.19%) MDR (0.547%). As a risk factor, DM has a significant association with DR-TB, mono drug-resistant, and pyrazinamide-resistant TB (P-value <0.05). The MDR and PDR separately do not show any significant association with DM, but for further analysis, it shows a significant association with DM when we combined. Conclusion: Our study identified diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for developing DR-TB. Better management of DM and TB infection caring programs among DM patients might improve TB control and prevent DR-TB development in KSA.

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To Study Demographics as Risk Factor for Mortality Associated with COVID-19 : A retrospective cohort study

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/2253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 1519-1523

Author(s):

Amandeep Singh Bakshi ◽

Neetu Sharma ◽

Jasbir Singh ◽

Sandeep Batish ◽

Vijay Sehga

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Males And Females ◽

And Gender

Objectives : Novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has emerged as a pandemic, claiming over 1,431,513 lives ( till Nov. 27,2020 ) worldwide involving 191 countries . The objective of the study is to evaluate age and gender as a risk factor for COVID -19 related mortality . Material and Methods : It is a retrospective cohort study , where the database of indoor COVID-19 positive patients was assessed for the study. Evaluation of the role of age and gender in mortality of COVID infection by comparing dataset of 2,142 indoor COVID positive patients with two outcome groups namely ,death and discharged groups was done. Results: The age comparison between two groups namely, death and discharged groups showed a median age of 60 years (IQR 50-70) for patients who died and 52 years (IQR 36–62) for the patients who recovered from COVID (p value-<0.001). There were 9 (0.65%) pediatric patients (<12 yrs) in the group of patients who recovered .For gender analysis (n=2129), COVID patients who died were 32.5%( n=692) ,out of which 63.6%(n=440) were males and 36.4%(n=252) were females. COVID positive patients in discharged group were 67.5%(n=1437),out of which 61.2%(n=880) were males and 38.8%(n=557) were females. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for mortality risk based on gender for COVID -19 infection (chi square value of 1.09, p value=.296) and the relative risk of death in males and females who died of COVID was 1.052 (95% CI=0.92-1.204). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection is showing predilection for male gender in both death and discharged group but the males and females are equally susceptible to the risk of death .

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Is sleep apnoea a risk factor for Covid-19? Findings from a retrospective cohort study

10.1101/2020.05.14.20098319 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Thijs Feuth ◽

Tarja Saaresranta ◽

Antti Karlsson ◽

Mika Valtonen ◽

Ville Peltola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Care ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Study Data ◽

University Hospital ◽

Obstructive Sleep

Background: In the early phase of the coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) pandemic, Southwest Finland remained relatively spared. By the 3rd of May 2020, a total of 28 patients have been admitted to the Turku University Hospital. In this paper, we explore baseline characteristics in order to identify risk for severe Covid-19 disease and critical care admission. Methods For this retrospective cohort study, data were derived from hospital records. Basic descriptive statistics were used to characterise patients, including medians, percentiles and frequencies. Differences were tested with Mann Whitney U-test and Pearson's chi-square test. Results Pre-existent obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) was present in 29% of patients admitted in the hospital for Covid-19, none of them having severe OSA. Overall, other findings on admission were comparable with those reported elsewhere. C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were higher in patients who were eventually transferred to critical care in comparison to in those who were not (median CRP 187 mg/L versus 52 mg/L, p<0.005 and median PCT 0.46 versus 0.12, p=0.047). Moreover, there was a trend towards lower oxygen saturation on admission in ICU-patients (87% versus 93%, p=0.09). Discussion OSA was pre-existent in a disproportional large group of patients, which suggests that it is an important risk factor for severe Covid-19. Furthermore, we identified high CRP, PCT and possibly oxygen saturation as useful clinical measures to identify patients at risk for critical care.

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Incidence of Heart Failure among Diabetic Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: A Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.2.12559/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Senbeta Guteta Abdissa ◽

Wakgari Deressa ◽

Amit J Shah

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Ischemic Heart

Abstract Background: In population studies of heart failure (HF), diabetes mellitus (DM) has been shown to be an independent risk factor. However, the evidence evaluating it as an independent risk factor in incident HF in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) is scarce. Our study aimed to assess the incidence of HF in diabetic IHD patients compared to non-diabetic IHD patients in Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 306 patients with IHD followed-up at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The IHD patients who did not have HF at baseline were followed for 24 months beginning from November 30, 2015. We assessed the incidence of HF in patients with diabetic IHD versus the non-diabetic IHD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between diabetic IHD and HF after controlling for important covariates. Hypertension was examined as a possible effect modifier as well. Results: The mean age was 56.8 years, 69% were male, and 31% were diabetic. During the 24 months follow-up period, 196 (64.1%) had incident HF. On multivariate Cox regression, DM was significantly associated with incident HF [Hazard Ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-3.14, p = 0.001]. Furthermore, when the patients were stratified by hypertension (HTN) status, DM was associated with worse prognosis, and the strongest association was in those with co-existing DM and HTN [HR = 2.57,95% CI =1.66-3.98, p<0.0001], followed by the presence of DM without HTN [HR 2.27, 95% CI = 1.38-3.71, p=0.001] (compared to those with neither). Conclusion: DM is the strongest predictor of incident HF, compared to other traditional risk factors, in Ethiopian patients with IHD. Those with both DM and HTN are at the highest risk. Key Words: Ischemic heart disease; Heart failure; Incidence; Diabetes Mellitus; Retrospective cohort study

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Cardiovascular risk factor control in British adults with diabetes mellitus: Retrospective cohort study

Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism ◽

10.1002/edm2.114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sophie É. Collins ◽

Brendan Cord Lethebe ◽

Tyler Williamson ◽

Finlay A. McAlister

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factor ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Risk Factor Control

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Endometriosis and the risk of ectopic pregnancy: 10-year retrospective cohort study

Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders ◽

10.1177/2284026519877095 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 10-15

Author(s):

Ally Saetta ◽

Michael Magro ◽

Reeba Oliver ◽

Funlayo Odejinmi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Primary Objective ◽

University Hospital ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Objective: Our primary objective is to give weight to the unanswered and recently heavily debated question, as to whether endometriosis is a statistically significant risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. Our study also provides information on the ethnicity, age and parity of each woman. We report the clinical presentation, the presence of other risk factors as well as intraoperative findings. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Settings: Whipps Cross University Hospital, Bart’s Health NHS Trust which is a district general University hospital in East London. Population: All women, over 10-year period (2005–2014), who were surgically treated for an ectopic pregnancy. Methods: In total, 800 patients were surgically managed. A total of 100 had incomplete data and were, therefore, excluded from analysis. The clinical details, demographics and operation notes were retrospectively analysed for 700 patients. Data were analysed using the student’s t test or chi-square analysis as appropriate. Results: In total, 37 women (5.3%) had endometriosis and 663 women (94.7%) had no evidence of endometriosis. Of the 37 patients, 24 had stage 1, 11 had stage 2 and 2 patients had stage 3 endometriosis. Conclusion: Our data support the theory that endometriosis is not a statistically significant occurrence in women with surgically managed ectopic pregnancy and is not risk factor for ectopic pregnancy.

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Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use and the Hospitalization Rate among Thai Elderly Patients: a Retrospective Cohort Study

10.1101/2021.09.13.21263490 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vorawee Varavithya ◽

Chayanee Tirapat ◽

Penpitcha Rojpibulstit ◽

Panadda Poovichayasumlit ◽

Vanida Prasert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Inappropriate Medication ◽

The Elderly ◽

Hospitalization Rate ◽

University Hospital ◽

P Value ◽

Potentially Inappropriate Medications

AbstractPurposeTo examine the association between potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) use and the hospitalization rate in elderly Thai patients.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we collected the electronic medical data of elderly patients aged 60 years and older who visited the outpatient department (OPD) at Thammasat University Hospital in Thailand in 2015. The patients were categorized into PIM and non-PIM users according to the Beers 2019 criteria. We calculated descriptive statistics for demographic variables. We also examined the association between PIM use and various different factors with hospitalization rate during follow-up using log-binomial regression. We calculated the relative risk for association between PIM use and other factors with the hospitalization rate.ResultsWe collected data for a total of 32,261 patients. The majority of participants were female (59.65%) and had a mean age of 70.21 years (SD=7.88). Overall, 63.98% of the patients (n=20,641) were PIM users and 49.45% (n=15,952) received polypharmacy (≥5 medications). The most common PIM prescription was proton-pump inhibitors, which were 27.51% of all medications prescribed. We found that PIM use increased the risk of hospitalization by 1.31 times (adjusted RR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.21 – 1.41, p-value < 0.001). Other factors associated with a higher rate of hospitalizations included older age, male gender, polypharmacy, and a higher number of OPD visits.ConclusionPIMs were commonly prescribed to the elderly in the OPD, and were significantly associated with subsequent hospitalization. The provision of an alternative drug list can help physicians avoid prescribing PIMs to the elderly. If PIMs prescription is unavoidable, physicians should closely monitor patients for drug-related problems and deprescribe PIMs when they are no longer indicated.

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