scholarly journals Seasonal effects of 19 plant species on COD removal in subsurface treatment wetland microcosms

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie R. Taylor ◽  
Paul B. Hook ◽  
Otto R. Stein ◽  
Cathy A. Zabinski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Subsurface Treatment

scholarly journals Using principles of landscape design in farm planting

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Marion Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Planting Design ◽  
Sequential Development ◽  
Line Form ◽  
Site Layout

Farm planting can be improved visually by using principles of landscape design to organise both site layout and planting. Principles of site layout include unity, patterning, and manipulation of mass and space, views, focal points and circulation. Planting design should make best use of the visual characters of plants namely line, form, colour and texture. Individual areas of planting are organised using principles of planting composition, while over the whole site principles of balance and sequential development are used. Planting should make best use of interesting plant species and seasonal effects.

scholarly journals Effects of High Impact Grazing on Species Diversity and Plant Functional Groups in Grasslands of Northern Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3153
Author(s):  
Ditmar Kurtz ◽  
Marcus Giese ◽  
Folkard Asch ◽  
Saskia Windisch ◽  
María Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Plant Functional Groups ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
The Impact

High impact grazing (HIG) was proposed as a management option to reduce standing dead biomass in Northern Argentinean (Chaco) rangelands. However, the effects of HIG on grassland diversity and shifts in plant functional groups are largely unknown but essential to assess the sustainability of the impact. During a two-year grazing experiment, HIG was applied every month to analyze the seasonal effects on plant species composition and plant functional groups. The results indicate that irrespective of the season in which HIG was applied, the diversity parameters were not negatively affected. Species richness, the Shannon–Wiener diversity index and the Shannon’s equitability index did not differ from the control site within a 12-month period after HIG. While plant functional groups of dicotyledonous and annual species could not benefit from the HIG disturbance, C3-, C4-monocotyledonous and perennials increased their absolute and relative green cover. Our results suggest that HIG, if not applied in shorter frequencies than a year, neither alters diversity nor shifts the plant species composition of the grassland plant community, but instead it promotes previously established rather competitive species. HIG could therefore contribute as an alternative management practice to the sustainable land use intensification of the “Gran Chaco” grassland ecosystem and even counteract the encroachment of “low value” species.

Effect of plant species on water quality at the outlet of a sludge treatment wetland

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 5305-5315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Gagnon ◽  
Florent Chazarenc ◽  
Margit Kõiv ◽  
Jacques Brisson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Sludge Treatment

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Baffled and Floating Hybrid Constructed Wetland Operated Under Field Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 06015
Author(s):  
Shrutee Dasare ◽  
Guru Munavalli
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Controlled Flow

Baffled and Floating Hybrid Constructed Wetland (BFHCW) consisting of constructed wetland with brickbat medium and Floating Treatment Wetland (FTW) was developed and operated under actual field flow conditions. BFHCW was vegetated with dual-species (Typha angustifolia L. and Canna indica). The performance of continuously operated system was evaluated for varied Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) and Organic Loading Rate (OLR) for a longer period. The system was also assessed for controlled flow rate resulting more uniform OLR and HLR. The results showed that COD removal efficiency was enhanced by 5 to 15% with controlled flow than uncontrolled highly fluctuating flow conditions. HLR has more impact on COD removal than OLR. BFHCW is effective to an extent of 25 to 40% for COD removal. BFHCW is found to be cost effective and reasonably efficient treatment for pretreated domestic wastewater.

Plant species and temperature effects on the k–C* first-order model for COD removal in batch-loaded SSF wetlands

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto R. Stein ◽  
Joel A. Biederman ◽  
Paul B. Hook ◽  
Winthrop C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Order Model ◽  
First Order

scholarly journals Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement: A Synthesis on Nutrient Reduction from Agricultural Effluents

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-639
Author(s):  
Tiffany L. Messer ◽  
Trisha L, Moore ◽  
Natalie Nelson ◽  
Laurent Ahiablame ◽  
Eban Z. Bean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency ◽  
Relative Cover ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Subsurface Treatment

Abstract. Excess nutrients from agricultural settings contribute to surface water and groundwater impairment. Constructed wetlands have been widely used for water quality protection in various agricultural systems. We used a synthesis approach to document the performance of constructed wetlands for nutrient removal from a range of landscapes and geographic regions with the following objectives: (1) review the current use of constructed wetlands in agricultural applications, (2) summarize the nutrient removal efficiency of constructed wetlands, and (3) identify the geographic usage and costs associated with constructed wetlands. We reviewed over 130 publications and reports to characterize nutrient removal performance for the following types of agricultural effluents: cropland surface and subsurface drainage, and wastewater from livestock production, greenhouse, aquaculture, and hydroponic systems. Data from the reviewed studies indicate that constructed wetlands are efficient in protecting water quality in agricultural production settings. However, differences in constructed wetland characteristics reported by the studies suggest that standards are needed to ensure nutrient removal goals are met based on wetland design. Researchers should consider including basic performance parameters for constructed wetlands in published reports, including influent and effluent concentrations, hydraulic retention time, hydraulic loading rate, watershed to treatment wetland ratios, and plant species and relative cover. Future studies are needed to explore cost-benefit analyses to assess the feasibility and potential promotion of wetland incentive programs in various geographic regions and watershed nonpoint-source pollution goals for using these systems in agricultural settings. Keywords: Agricultural wastewater, Agricultural water quality, Aquaculture, Cropland runoff, Greenhouse, Hydroponic, Livestock, Review, Subsurface, Treatment wetland.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Methods to Assess the Hydraulic Behavior in Horizontal Treatment Wetlands

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2286
Author(s):  
Feliciana Licciardello ◽  
Alessandro Sacco ◽  
Salvatore Barbagallo ◽  
Delia Ventura ◽  
Giuseppe Luigi Cirelli
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Subsurface Treatment ◽  
The Impact

While there have been numerous studies on the rate and development of clogging in horizontal subsurface treatment wetlands (HSTWs) and, consequently, the effects on its hydraulic characteristics, research has not shown a clear understanding of the processes. The existing methods for measuring the impact of clogging provide limited information on the extension and degree of the phenomenon. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of various measurement techniques to assess the degree and variation in space and time of clogging in HSTWs. Hydraulic conductivity at saturation (Ks) measurements were conducted using a newly implemented scheme, the drainage equation method, and traditional tracer tests, which were carried out in a full-scale HSTW system, located in Sicily, Italy, during 2019. After five years of operation, the results highlighted a severe decrease in Ks (<1000 m day−1) in the inlet zone (despite the fact that the filter gravel was replaced in 2017), a very high reduction of Ks along the central path inside the bed, a nonuniform flow through the HSTW, the presence of stagnant zones, and a reduction of the porosity of the bed gravel. Nonetheless, the mean values of the physical–chemical and bacteriological parameters at the hybrid treatment wetland (hybrid TW) outlet indicated that the partial clogging had no significant effect on the quality of the discharged water. Moreover, the results obtained using the different measurement techniques (in terms of both the Ks values and the flow distribution inside the bed) were consistent with each other and with results obtained previously for the same system. Finally, the most efficient combination of methods to assess clogging in HSTWs was identified.

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