A cost-effective method to monitor vegetation changes in steppes ecosystems: A case study on remote sensing of fire and infrastructure effects in eastern Mongolia

Kajian terhadap pelbagai cara mengurangkan rintangan bot peronda telah dilakukan oleh ramai penyelidik. Kaedah yang dikaji termasuk penggunaan kepak buritan, baji buritan dan suntikan gelembung mikro. Walau bagaimanapun, disebabkan oleh sifatnya yang mudah dan praktikal, kepak buritan didapati amat berpotensi. Kertas kerja ini membentangkan kajian terhadap kesan kepak buritan terhadap prestasi rintangan bot kelasi berbentuk planing. Ujian model dijalankan bagi membuktikan keberkesanan kepak bagi mengurangkan rintangan. Lima kepak berlainan telah digunakan dalam rangka kajian sistematik bagi menentukan ciri geometrik optimum kepak buritan. Hasil ujian model menunjukkan empat kepak menambah rintangan kapal manakala kepak kelima pada sudut sifar mengurangkan rintangan sehingga 7.2 peratus pada 23 knots dan pengurangan purata sekitar 4.5 peratus. Pada 23 knots, pengurangan 8.2 peratus kuasa berkesan diperolehi. Kata kunci: Reka bentuk bot peronda, ujian model, pesawat laju The study on various methods of reducing the resistance of patrol craft have been carried out by many researchers. These methods included the application of stern flaps, stern wedges, and microbubble injection. However, due to its simplicity and practicality, stern flap is the most promising and cost effective method. The effect of a stern flap on the resistance performance of the planing hull crew boat is presented. Model tests were conducted to prove the effectiveness of the stern flap on reducing planing hull craft resistance. Five different stern flap designs were tested as part of systematic investigation to determine the optimum geometrical characteristics of the stern flap. Results of model resistance experiments showed that four of the flaps tested showed an increase in resistance while the flap at zero degree angle reduced the total resistance by 7.2 percent at 23 knots, and an average reduction rate of 4.5 percent. At 23 knots, an 8.2 percent reduction in effective power was predicted. Key words: Patrol boats design, model testing, fast craft

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THE DETECTION AND MAPPING OF OIL ON A MARSHY AREA BY A REMOTE LUMINESCENT SENSOR1

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1977-1-197 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 1977 (1) ◽

pp. 197-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Craig McFarlane ◽

Robert D. Watson

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Damage Assessment ◽

Oil Spills ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Common Reed ◽

Deposition Pattern ◽

Affected Area ◽

Remote Sensor ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Contaminated Area

ABSTRACT Airborne remote sensing can be a cost-effective method for monitoring pollutants in large areas such as occur in oil spills. An opportunity to test a particular method arose when a well ruptured and for 23 days spewed a 90-meter fountain of oil into the air, dispersing the oil over a wide area. The method tested was an airborne luminescence detector with a Fraunhofer Line Discriminator (FLD) which was flown over the affected area 41 days after the well was capped to obtain a map of the deposition pattern. To calibrate the system, samples of Spartina (wire grass) and Phragmites (common reed) were collected from the contaminated area and the oil residues were eluted in cyclohexane and quantitatively analyzed in a fluorescence photometer. Good correlation was observed between the remote sensor (FLD) and the laboratory analysis. Isopleths defining the deposition pattern of oil were drawn from the remote sensing information. A discussion will be presented on the feasibility of using this instrument for similar contamination incidents for cleanup and damage assessment.

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The colour analysis method applied to homogeneous rocks

Geologos ◽

10.1515/logos-2015-0019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 233-239

Author(s):

Amadé Halász ◽

Ákos Halmai

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Waste ◽

Rock Type ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Analysis Method ◽

The Core ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Natural Gamma ◽

Computer Aided ◽

High Level

Abstract Computer-aided colour analysis can facilitate cyclostratigraphic studies. Here we report on a case study involving the development of a digital colour analysis method for examination of the Boda Claystone Formation which is the most suitable in Hungary for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Rock type colours are reddish brown or brownish red, or any shade between brown and red. The method presented here could be used to differentiate similar colours and to identify gradual transitions between these; the latter are of great importance in a cyclostratigraphic analysis of the succession. Geophysical well-logging has demonstrated the existence of characteristic cyclic units, as detected by colour and natural gamma. Based on our research, colour, natural gamma and lithology correlate well. For core Ib-4, these features reveal the presence of orderly cycles with thicknesses of roughly 0.64 to 13 metres. Once the core has been scanned, this is a time- and cost-effective method.

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Electrofacies in gas shale from well log data via cluster analysis: A case study of the Perth Basin, Western Australia

Open Geosciences ◽

10.2478/s13533-012-0177-9 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amir Torghabeh ◽

Reza Rezaee ◽

Reza Moussavi-Harami ◽

Biswajeet Pradhan ◽

Mohammad Kamali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Gas Production ◽

Sonic Log ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Distance Data ◽

Resistivity Log ◽

Gamma Ray Log

AbstractIdentifying reservoir electrofacies has an important role in determining hydrocarbon bearing intervals. In this study, electrofacies of the Kockatea Formation in the Perth Basin were determined via cluster analysis. In this method, distance data were initially calculated and then connected spatially by using a linkage function. The dendrogram function was used to extract the cluster tree for formations over the study area. Input logs were sonic log (DT), gamma ray log (GR), resistivity log (IND), and spontaneous potential (SP). A total of 30 reservoir electrofacies were identified within this formation. Integrated geochemical and petrophysics data showed that zones with electrofacies 3, 4, 9, and 10 have potential for shale gas production. In addition, the results showed that cluster analysis is a precise, rapid, and cost-effective method for zoning reservoirs and determining electrofacies in hydrocarbon reservoirs.

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Detecting Land use Changes Affected by Human Activities using Remote Sensing (Case Study: Karkheh River Basin)

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.10.2.11 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 473-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saeid Maddah ◽

Saeed Karimi ◽

Hadi Rezai ◽

Jabbar Khaledi

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Maximum Likelihood Method ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Well Being ◽

Likelihood Method ◽

Support Vector ◽

Running Water ◽

Land Water

Population growth and abundant activities in order to achieve maximum well-being has forced human to make a lot of changes in the nature. These changes will be cost-effective when they have the minimum damage on the landscape. One of the activities that human did for obtaining the water and preventing flood was making the dam in the track of running water. Since the dam is established until its impoundment and after impoundment, the condition of ecosystem and the appearance of the upstream and downstream of the dam will undergo changes. In this study, using satellite data and remote sensing, these changes have been studied and the landuse changes in vegetation, arid land, water level and residential and non-residential lands is measured in 1998 and 2014 using Maximum Likelihood method and support vector machine.

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Quantification of Kaolinite and Halloysite Using Machine Learning from FTIR, XRF, and Brightness Data

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11121350 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1350

Author(s):

Pieter I. Du Plessis ◽

Michael F. Gazley ◽

Stephanie L. Tay ◽

Eliza F. Trunfull ◽

Manuel Knorsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Yilgarn Craton ◽

Weathering Profile ◽

X Ray ◽

Clay Deposits ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Cost Effective Alternative ◽

Quantified Analysis

Quantification of halloysite and kaolinite in clay deposits from X-ray diffraction (XRD) commonly requires extensive sample preparation to differentiate the two phyllosilicates. When assessing hundreds of samples for mineral resource estimations, XRD analyses may become unfeasible due to time and expense. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis is a fast and cost-effective method to discriminate between kaolinite and halloysite; however, few efforts have been made to use this technique for quantified analysis of these minerals. In this study, we trained machine- and deep-learning models on XRD data to predict the abundance of kaolinite and halloysite from FTIR, chemical composition, and brightness data. The case study is from the Cloud Nine kaolinite–halloysite deposit, Noombenberry Project, Western Australia. The residual clay deposit is hosted in the saprolitic and transition zone of the weathering profile above the basement granite on the southwestern portion of the Archean Yilgarn Craton. Compared with XRD quantification, the predicted models have an R2 of 0.97 for kaolinite and 0.96 for halloysite, demonstrating an excellent fit. Based on these results, we demonstrate that our methodology provides a cost-effective alternative to XRD to quantify kaolinite and halloysite abundances.

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SUSTAINABLE IMPACT OF BUILDING ENERGY RETROFIT MEASURES

Journal of Green Building ◽

10.3992/1943-4618.12.3.69 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 69-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amirhosein Jafari ◽

Vanessa Valentin

Keyword(s):

Social Impact ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Building Energy ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Energy Retrofit ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Impact Index ◽

The Impact

Energy retrofitting is argued to be the most feasible and cost-effective method for improving existing buildings' energy efficiency. As a sustainable development, building energy retrofits require the consideration and integration of all three sustainability dimensions: environmental, economic and social. The objective of this study is to estimate and compare the sustainable impact of building energy retrofits to determine the maximum sustainable benefit when implementing different energy-related measures. The proposed analysis consists of integrating three approaches for evaluating these benefits. Economic benefits are measured by estimating the payback period of energy-related measures, environmental benefits are measured by estimating the CO2 equivalent saving per year due to the implementation of energy-related measures, and social benefits are measured by defining a “social impact index” that establishes the impact of energy-related measures on buildings' users. A case study is used to demonstrate the framework for four potential scenarios. The results show that for the case study, energy-related “controlling” and “upgrading mechanical system” measures have the highest sustainable impact among the identified energy retrofitting measures.

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A Thermal Analysis-Based Approach to Identify Different Waste Macroplastics in Beach Litter: The Case Study of Aquatina di Frigole NATURA 2000 Site (IT9150003, Italy)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13063186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 3186

Author(s):

Mariaenrica Frigione ◽

Gabriele Marini ◽

Maurizio Pinna

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Natura 2000 ◽

Sandy Beaches ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Beach Recreation ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Beach Litter ◽

Natura 2000 Site

The dispersion of commercial plastics in the marine environments is a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services of the last decades. The lower density of the plastics with respect to marine water density determines their floating, transferring, and accumulation in sandy beaches. Sandy beaches represent a natural sink ecosystem for marine plastics, where the latter are fragmented and photo-degraded in relation to the kind of polymer. Here, we propose an accurate and cost-effective method, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to identify different polymers from plastic samples collected on the Aquatina di Frigole beach (Apulia Region, Southeast of Italy), included in the NATURA 2000 Site coded as IT9150003. Our results reveal the exclusive presence of thermoplastic polymers in the beach plastic samples, mostly belonging to the polyolefin family. They appear to be remnants of larger plastic fragments, which could impact biodiversity and ecosystem services such as beach recreation activities and tourism.

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Combining Unmanned Aerial Systems and Satellite Data to Monitor Phenological Changes in Tropical Forests: A Case Study from Costa Rica

Case Studies in the Environment ◽

10.1525/cse.2018.001842 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Andrew Marx ◽

Donald McFarlane

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Remote Sensing ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽

Vegetation Changes ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Aerial Systems ◽

Over Time ◽

Forest Managers

The migration of vegetation under the influence of climate change is of great interest to ecologists, but can be difficult to quantify—especially in less accessible landscapes. Monitoring land cover change through remote sensing has become the best solution, especially with the use of unmanned aerial systems (UASs; drones) as low-cost remote sensing platforms are able to collect data at high spatial and spectral resolutions. Unfortunately, in the context of climate change studies, the lack of comparative UAS data sets over decadal timescales has been limiting. Here, we describe a technique for the integration of historical, low spatial resolution satellite-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data with short-term high-resolution multispectral UAS data to track the vegetation changes in a Costa Rican rainforest over a 33-year time frame. The study reveals the transition of a mixed forest from strongly deciduous to weakly deciduous phenology in the Hacienda Barú National Wildlife Refuge (HBNWR), southwestern Costa Rica. This case study presents an approach for researchers and forest managers to study and track vegetation changes over time in locations that lack detailed historical vegetation data. Vegetation migration due to climate change is not well documented and difficult to monitor, especially in remote or inaccessible locations. This case study presents researchers, students, and forest managers an approach for leveraging freely available satellite imagery and UASs to track these changes over time.

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Pesticide use in vegetable production: A survey of Vietnamese farmers’ knowledge

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/69/2017-pps ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 203-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nguyen Thanh Mai ◽

Le Nga Thi Thanh ◽

Havukainen Jouni ◽

Hannaway David B

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Small Scale ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Training And Education ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Application Rates ◽

Cost Effective Method

Concerns about inappropriate storage, application rates, and disposal practices of pesticides prompted this case study of Vietnamese farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices. 128 small-scale vegetable growers in Lam Dong Province were included in field surveys, questionnaires, and interviews. Farmers reported inappropriate mixing of pesticides and disposal methods. Many also reported ill-timed applications posing potential hazards to the human health and environment. Improved training and monitoring of pesticide residues on foodstuffs and in agricultural soils and community water supplies are needed to ensure safe farmer practices. Community-based training and education, jointly funded by local, national, and international agricultural production and food safety groups, would be a cost-effective method of minimising pesticide applications and improving food safety.

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