Modelling the effects of ionising radiation on a vole population from the Chernobyl Red forest in an ecological context

Background: The development of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) is one of the main causes of ovarian cancer tolerance to radiotherapy. Autophagy is an adaptive process by which cells repair damage due to radiation. As a metabolite of riboflavin, lumiflavin can enhance the chemotherapeutic effects of cisplatin on ovarian cancer CSCs. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of lumiflavin and ionising radiation on ovarian cancer CSCs and explore the association of this metabolite with autophagy. Methods: CSCs of human ovarian cancer cell lines HO8910 were treated with lumiflavin and rapamycin and then subjected to irradiation at a cumulative dose of 8 Gy. Cell proliferation ability, clonal formation ability, apoptosis rate, autophagy changes and autophagy-related protein changes were detected. Results: Lumiflavin and ionising radiation synergistically reduced cell vitality and clone formation and increased the apoptosis of CSCs compared with irradiation alone. In addition, ionising radiation increased autophagy and the expression of associated proteins, whereas lumiflavin reduced those changes in autophagy progression. Moreover, rapamycin, an autophagy inhibitor, was observed to block the synergistic effects of lumiflavin and ionising radiation on CSC apoptosis. Conclusion: Lumiflavin can enhance the effects of ionising radiation on ovarian cancer CSCs. The mechanism by which these effects are exerted is related to blocking the autophagy pathway.

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Providing ecological context to anthropogenic subsea noise: Assessing listening space reductions of marine mammals from tidal energy devices

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 49-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Matthew K. Pine ◽

Pál Schmitt ◽

Ross M. Culloch ◽

Lilian Lieber ◽

Louise T. Kregting

Keyword(s):

Marine Mammals ◽

Tidal Energy ◽

Ecological Context ◽

Energy Devices

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Achieving Social and Ecological Outcomes in Collaborative Environmental Governance: Good Examples from Swedish Moose Management

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2329

Author(s):

Sabrina Dressel ◽

Annelie Sjölander-Lindqvist ◽

Maria Johansson ◽

Göran Ericsson ◽

Camilla Sandström

Keyword(s):

Social Learning ◽

Environmental Governance ◽

Collaborative Governance ◽

Theory Of Change ◽

Ecological Context ◽

Discretionary Power ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Resource Governance ◽

Social Ecological ◽

The Social

Collaborative governance approaches have been suggested as strategies to handle wicked environmental problems. Evaluations have found promising examples of effective natural resource governance, but also highlighted the importance of social-ecological context and institutional design. The aim of this study was to identify factors that contribute to the achievement of social and ecological sustainability within Swedish moose (Alces alces) management. In 2012, a multi-level collaborative governance regime was implemented to decrease conflicts among stakeholders. We carried out semi-structured interviews with six ‘good examples’ (i.e., Moose Management Groups that showed positive social and ecological outcomes). We found that ‘good examples’ collectively identified existing knowledge gaps and management challenges and used their discretionary power to develop procedural arrangements that are adapted to the social-ecological context, their theory of change, and attributes of local actors. This contributed to the creation of bridging social capital and principled engagement across governance levels. Thus, our results indicate the existence of higher-order social learning as well as a positive feedback from within-level collaboration dynamics to between-level collaboration. Furthermore, our study illustrates the importance of institutional flexibility to utilize the existing knowledge across stakeholder groups and to allow for adaptations based on the social learning process.

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Induction of myogenic differentiation in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells by ionising radiation, N,N-dimethylformamide and their combination

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/bjc.1992.107 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 519-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G Nicoletti ◽

C De Giovanni ◽

L Landuzzi ◽

G Simone ◽

P Rocchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myogenic Differentiation ◽

Ionising Radiation

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ATM Kinase Inhibition Preferentially Sensitises PTEN-Deficient Prostate Tumour Cells to Ionising Radiation

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13010079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Conor Hanna ◽

Victoria L. Dunne ◽

Steven M. Walker ◽

Karl T. Butterworth ◽

Nuala McCabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Biochemical Failure ◽

Ionising Radiation ◽

Effective Treatment Option ◽

Normal Prostate ◽

Minimal Toxicity

Radical radiotherapy, often in combination with hormone ablation, is a safe and effective treatment option for localised or locally-advanced prostate cancer. However, up to 30% of patients with locally advanced PCa will go on to develop biochemical failure, within 5 years, following initial radiotherapy. Improving radiotherapy response is clinically important since patients exhibiting biochemical failure develop castrate-resistant metastatic disease for which there is no curative therapy and median survival is 8–18 months. The aim of this research was to determine if loss of PTEN (highly prevalent in advanced prostate cancer) is a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Previous work has demonstrated PTEN-deficient cells are sensitised to inhibitors of ATM, a key regulator in the response to DSBs. Here, we have shown the role of PTEN in cellular response to IR was both complex and context-dependent. Secondly, we have confirmed ATM inhibition in PTEN-depleted cell models, enhances ionising radiation-induced cell killing with minimal toxicity to normal prostate RWPE-1 cells. Furthermore, combined treatment significantly inhibited PTEN-deficient tumour growth compared to PTEN-expressing counterparts, with minimal toxicity observed. We have further shown PTEN loss is accompanied by increased endogenous levels of ROS and DNA damage. Taken together, these findings provide pre-clinical data for future clinical evaluation of ATM inhibitors as a neoadjuvant/adjuvant in combination with radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients harbouring PTEN mutations.

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Beyond Xeroderma Pigmentosum: DNA Damage and Repair in an Ecological Context. A Tribute to James E. Cleaver

Photochemistry and Photobiology ◽

10.1111/php.12388 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 460-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Deneb Karentz

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽

Ecological Context ◽

Dna Damage And Repair

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Unravelling the secrets of the resistance of GaN to strongly ionising radiation

Communications Physics ◽

10.1038/s42005-021-00550-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Miguel C. Sequeira ◽

Jean-Gabriel Mattei ◽

Henrique Vazquez ◽

Flyura Djurabekova ◽

Kai Nordlund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Ions ◽

Ionising Radiation ◽

Atomistic Simulations ◽

Extended Defects ◽

Swift Heavy Ions ◽

High Fluences ◽

Radiation Resistant ◽

Simulation And Experiment ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Radiation Hard

AbstractGaN is the most promising upgrade to the traditional Si-based radiation-hard technologies. However, the underlying mechanisms driving its resistance are unclear, especially for strongly ionising radiation. Here, we use swift heavy ions to show that a strong recrystallisation effect induced by the ions is the key mechanism behind the observed resistance. We use atomistic simulations to examine and predict the damage evolution. These show that the recrystallisation lowers the expected damage levels significantly and has strong implications when studying high fluences for which numerous overlaps occur. Moreover, the simulations reveal structures such as point and extended defects, density gradients and voids with excellent agreement between simulation and experiment. We expect that the developed modelling scheme will contribute to improving the design and test of future radiation-resistant GaN-based devices.

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