Investigation of palm fibre pyrolysis over acidic catalyst for bio-fuel production

Renewable and sustainable energy has an evolving story as the ongoing trade war in the word is influencing crude oil prices. Moreover, the global warming is an inevitable consequence of the worldwide increasing rate of fossil fuel utilization which has persuaded the governments to invest on the clean and sustainable energy resources. In recent years, the cost of green energy has tumbled, making the price of renewables competitive to the fossil fuels. Although, the hydrogen fuel is still extremely expensive compared to the crude oil price, investigations about clean hydrogen fuel production and utilization has been developed significantly which demonstrate the importance of the hydrogen fuel in the future. This article aims to scrutinize the importance of green hydrogen fuel production from solar/wind energy.

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BIO-FUEL PRODUCTION FROM CARBONDIOXIDE GAS USING S. elongatus PCC 7942 FROM CYANOBACTERIA

Non-Metallic Material Science ◽

10.30564/omms.v2i1.1809 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Delia Teresa Sponza ◽

Cansu Doğanx

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Butanol Production ◽

Fuel Production ◽

Cost Analyses ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

O2 Concentration ◽

The Cost ◽

Pcc 7942 ◽

Dissolved O2

The scope of this study, is 1-butanol production from CO2 with S. elongatus PCC 7942 culture. The yields of 1-butanolproduced/CO2utilized have been calculated. The maximum concentration of produced 1- butanol is 35.37 mg/L and 1-butanolproduced/CO2utilized efficiency is 92.4. The optimum operational conditions were 30°C temperature, 60 W intensity of light, pH= 7.1, 120 mV redox potential, 0.083 m3/sn flow rate with CO2 and 0.5 mg/l dissolved O2 concentration. Among the enzymes on the metabolic trail of the production of 1-butanol via using S. elongatus PCC 7942 cyanobacteria. At maximum yield; the measured concentrations are 0.016 µg/ml for hbd; 0.0022 µg/ml for Ter and 0.0048 µg/ml for AdhE2. The cost analyses necessary for 1-butanol production has been done and the cost of 1 litre 1-butanol has been determined as maximum 1.31 TL/L.

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Energieholzproduktion in Mittel- und Nieder-wäldern der Schweiz | Energy Wood Production in Coppice With Standards and Coppice Forests in Switzerland

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.1999.0142 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 150 (4) ◽

pp. 142-147

Author(s):

Bettina Bally

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Economic Value ◽

Wood Production ◽

Fuel Production ◽

Energy Wood ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Energy Plantations ◽

Coppice With Standards

Coppice with standards and coppice forests are the result of silvicultural systems widely applied until the mid-twentieth century, mainly for fuel production. Similar to energy plantations in Scandinavia and Germany the above-mentioned systems are characterised by a short rotation. The present paper tries to show that, owing to efficient logging methods, energy wood can be produced from coppice and coppice with standards forests so cheaply that it proves to be highly competitive compared to oil. The economic value of coppice and coppice with standards was calculated on the basis of models and compared to high forest cultivation. Contrary to high forests, the coppice with standards system is cost-covering on poor, well developed and easily accessible sites.

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Synthesis, Characterization and Application of N,N-Dimethyl-N-Sulfoethan Ammonium tetra-Chloro Aluminate: A Novel micro-Heterogeneous Cata-lyst for Synthesis of tri-Arylmethanes

Letters in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570178617999200925205313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Saeid Azimi ◽

Niloofar Mohamadighader

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽

Mass Spectroscopy ◽

Aromatic Aldehydes ◽

Solid Catalyst ◽

Sem Images ◽

One Pot ◽

Acidic Catalyst ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Ft Ir

Abstract: A new solid catalyst was synthesized from an ionic liquid and heterogenised by changing anion reaction. The new heterogeneous acidic catalyst was characterized by SEM images, EDS analysis, AFM images, Ft-IR, HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass Spectroscopy. It was applied to synthesis of tri-arylmethanes throughout one-pot tri-component reactions among aromatic aldehydes, N,N-dimethylaniline and other carbonic nucleophiles such as anisole and indole. Hence, synthesis of convenient and inexpensive micro-heterogeneous catalyst was introduced, the efficiency of which was confirmed. Also, various useful products were synthesized throughout this simple and clean procedure.

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Sulphonated polystyrene on expanded metal sheets as solid acidic catalyst for gas-liquid reactions

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19753851 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 3851-3855 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Z. Žitný ◽

M. Kraus

Keyword(s):

Acidic Catalyst ◽

Expanded Metal ◽

Metal Sheets

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Chlorine-free Solid Fuel Production from Municipal Solid Waste by Hydrothermal Process

Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy ◽

10.3775/jie.90.1177 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 90 (12) ◽

pp. 1177-1182 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Bayu INDRAWAN ◽

Pandji PRAWISUDHA ◽

Kunio YOSHIKAWA

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Fuel ◽

Hydrothermal Process ◽

Fuel Production

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Utilization of CO2 in renewable DME fuel production: A life cycle analysis (LCA)-based case study in China

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115627 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 254 ◽

pp. 115627 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marco Tomatis ◽

Ashak Mahmud Parvez ◽

Muhammad T. Afzal ◽

Sannia Mareta ◽

Tao Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Life Cycle Analysis ◽

Fuel Production

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Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN)

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Mei Yin Ong ◽

Saifuddin Nomanbhay ◽

Fitranto Kusumo ◽

Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman ◽

Abd Halim Shamsuddin

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Jet Fuel ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Ann Model ◽

Fuel Production ◽

Turbine Engine ◽

Renewable Fuel ◽

American Society ◽

Better Than

In this study, coconut oils have been transesterified with ethanol using microwave technology. The product obtained (biodiesel and FAEE) was then fractional distillated under vacuum to collect bio-kerosene or bio-jet fuel, which is a renewable fuel to operate a gas turbine engine. This process was modeled using RSM and ANN for optimization purposes. The developed models were proved to be reliable and accurate through different statistical tests and the results showed that ANN modeling was better than RSM. Based on the study, the optimum bio-jet fuel production yield of 74.45 wt% could be achieved with an ethanol–oil molar ratio of 9.25:1 under microwave irradiation with a power of 163.69 W for 12.66 min. This predicted value was obtained from the ANN model that has been optimized with ACO. Besides that, the sensitivity analysis indicated that microwave power offers a dominant impact on the results, followed by the reaction time and lastly ethanol–oil molar ratio. The properties of the bio-jet fuel obtained in this work was also measured and compared with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1655 standard.

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