Experimental investigation on the effect of working fluid charge in a small-scale Organic Rankine Cycle under off-design conditions

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 664-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuchen Liu ◽  
Tong Zhu ◽  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Naiping Gao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale

1-D Model Analysis of Tesla Turbine for Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Song ◽  
Chun-wei Gu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
D Model

Energy shortage and environmental deterioration are two crucial issues that the developing world has to face. In order to solve these problems, conversion of low grade energy is attracting broad attention. Among all of the existing technologies, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been proven to be one of the most effective methods for the utilization of low grade heat sources. Turbine is a key component in ORC system and it plays an important role in system performance. Traditional turbine expanders, the axial flow turbine and the radial inflow turbine are typically selected in large scale ORC systems. However, in small and micro scale systems, traditional turbine expanders are not suitable due to large flow loss and high rotation speed. In this case, Tesla turbine allows a low-cost and reliable design for the organic expander that could be an attractive option for small scale ORC systems. A 1-D model of Tesla turbine is presented in this paper, which mainly focuses on the flow characteristics and the momentum transfer. This study improves the 1-D model, taking the nozzle limit expansion ratio into consideration, which is related to the installation angle of the nozzle and the specific heat ratio of the working fluid. The improved model is used to analyze Tesla turbine performance and predict turbine efficiency. Thermodynamic analysis is conducted for a small scale ORC system. The simulation results reveal that the ORC system can generate a considerable net power output. Therefore, Tesla turbine can be regarded as a potential choice to be applied in small scale ORC systems.

Performance Evaluation of a Small Scale High Efficiency Cogeneration System

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Reini
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Cogeneration System

In recent years, a big effort has been made to improve microturbines thermal efficiency, in order to approach 40%. Two main options may be considered: i) a wide usage of advanced materials for hot ends components, like impeller and recuperator; ii) implementing more complicated thermodynamic cycle, like combined cycle. In the frame of the second option, the paper deals with the hypothesis of bottoming a low pressure ratio, recuperated gas cycle, typically realized in actual microturbines, with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The object is to evaluate the expected nominal performance parameters of the integrated-combined cycle cogeneration system, taking account of different options for working fluid, vapor pressure and component’s performance parameters. Both options of recuperated and not recuperated bottom cycles are discussed, in relation with ORC working fluid nature and possible stack temperature for microturbine exhaust gases. Finally, some preliminary consideration about the arrangement of the combined cycle unit, and the effects of possible future progress of gas cycle microturbines are presented.

Novel Parabolic Trough Collectors Driving a Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle System

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kohlenbach ◽  
S. McEvoy ◽  
W. Stein ◽  
A. Burton ◽  
K. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Parabolic Trough

This paper presents component performance results of a new parabolic trough collector array driving an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power generation system. The system has been installed in the National Solar Energy Centre at CSIRO Energy Technology in Newcastle, NSW, Australia. It consists of four rows of 18 parabolic mirrors each in a 2×2 matrix with a total aperture area of approximately 132m2. The absorber tube is a laterally aligned, 40mm copper tube coated with a semi-selective paint and enclosed in a 50mm non-evacuated glass tube to reduce convection losses. The mirror modules, which are light-weight and robust, are made from thin low iron back silvered glass bonded to a sheet steel substrate. They are supported by a box truss on semi circular hoops running on rollers for single axis tracking. The mirror design has been chosen to allow low-cost manufacturing as well as simple commissioning and operation. The ORC unit is a FP6 unit sourced from Freepower Ltd. with a net power output of 6kWel at 180°C inlet temperature and a total heat input of 70 kWth. It uses a two-stage expansion process with hydrofluoroether as the working fluid. A wet cooling tower is used to dissipate the reject heat from the ORC. The two key components of the envisioned system are the trough reflector/receiver and the ORC unit. The optical performance of the mirror elements was investigated with regard to the flux mapping onto the receiver tube. The ORC unit has been tested separately using an electrical oil heater as the heat source. This paper presents results for irradiation capture and intensity over the receiver width of a single trough mirror module. The complete system including trough collectors and ORC has not been in transient operation yet, thus experimental steady-state results of the ORC unit are presented.

Moment Analysis of a Scroll Expander Used in an Organic Rankine Cycle

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Sengupta ◽  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Pardeep Garg ◽  
Nirmal Hui ◽  
Matthew S. Orosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Moment Analysis ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Scroll Expander

Recent studies on small-scale power generation with the organic Rankine cycle suggest superior performance of positive displacement type of expanders compared to turbines. Scroll expanders in particular achieve high isentropic efficiencies due to lower leakage and frictional losses. Performance of scroll machines may be enhanced by the use of non-circular involute curves in place of the circular involutes resulting non-uniform wall thickness. In this paper, a detailed moment analysis is performed for such an expander having volumetric expansion ratio of 5 using thermodynamic models proposed earlier by one of the present authors. The working fluid considered in the power cycle is R-245fa with scroll inlet temperature of 125 °C for a gross power output of ∼3.5 kW. The model developed in this paper is verified with an air scroll compressor available in the literature and then applied to an expander. Prediction of small variation of moment with scroll motion recommends use of scroll expander without a flywheel over other positive displacement type of expanders, e.g. reciprocating, where a flywheel is an essential component.

A Preliminary Turbine Design for an Organic Rankine Cycle

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Efstathiadis ◽  
M. Rivarolo ◽  
A. I. Kalfas ◽  
A. Traverso ◽  
P. Seferlis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Choked Flow ◽  
Turbine Speed ◽  
Turbine Design

An increasing trend in exploiting low enthalpy content energy sources, has led to a renewed interest in small-scale turbines for Organic Rankine Cycle applications. The design concept for such turbines can be quite different from either standard gas or steam turbine designs. The limited enthalpic content of many energy sources enforces the use of organic working media, with unusual properties for the turbine. A versatile cycle design and optimization requires the parameterization of the prime turbine design. In order to address the major challenges involved in this process, the present study discusses the preliminary design of an electricity-producing turbine, in the range of 100 kWel, for a low enthalpy organic Rankine cycle. There are many potential applications of this power generating turbine including geothermal and solar thermal fields or waste heat of PEM type fuel cells. An integrated model of equations has been developed, accordingly. The model aims to assess the performance of an organic cycle for various working fluids, including NH3, R600a and R-134a. The most appropriate working fluid has been chosen, taking into consideration its influence on both cycle efficiency and the specific volume ratio. The influence of this choice is of particular importance at turbine extreme operating conditions, which are strongly related to the turbine size. In order to assess the influence of various design parameters, a turbine design tool has been developed and applied to preliminarily define the blading geometry. Finally, a couple of competitive turbine designs have been developed. In one approach, the turbine speed is restricted to subsonic domain, while in the other approach the turbine speed is transonic, resulting to choked flow at the turbine throat. The two approaches have been evaluated in terms of turbine compactness and machine modularity. Results show that keeping the crucial parameters of the geometrical formation of the blade constant, turbine size could become significantly smaller decreasing up to 90% compared its original value.

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