Effect of particle size and temperature on gasification performance of coconut and palm kernel shells in downdraft fixed-bed reactor

This work analyzes the use of palm kernel shells (PKS) produced by the Colombian palm oil mill industry, for purposes of fueling a commercial downdraft fixed bed gasifier (Ankur Scientific WGB- 20) designed to operate with wood chips. Operational parameters such as hopper shaking time, ash removal time, and airflow were varied in order to get the highest gasifier performance, computed as the ratio between producer gas chemical energy over biomass feeding energy. Experiments were carried out following a half fraction experimental design 24-1. Since these parameters affect the equivalence ratio (ER), behavior indicators were analyzed as a function of ER. It was found that the shaking time and airflow had a significant effect on higher-heating-value (HHV) and process efficiency, while the removal time is not significant. The highest performance for palm shell was reached at ER=0.35, where the resulting gas HHV and process efficiencies were 5.04 MJ/Nm3 and 58%, respectively.

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Effect of Particle Size on the Physical Properties of Activated Palm Kernel Shell for Supercapacitor Application

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.833.129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 833 ◽

pp. 129-133

Author(s):

Ridwan Tobi Ayinla ◽

John Ojur Dennis ◽

Hasnah Bt Moh’d Zaid ◽

Fahad Usman ◽

Asfand Yar

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Energy Storage Devices ◽

Supercapacitor Application ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Storage Devices ◽

Carbon Production ◽

Effect Of Particle Size

The advantages of palm kernel shell (PKS) as a renewable and sustainable material for activated carbon production have been explored for various applications such as water treatment, pollutant, pesticide, and heavy metal adsorption. However, the full promises of this material for energy storage devices have not been duly studied. In this research, PKS is physically activated and the effect of particle size on the physical characteristics of the activated char was investigated. Pellet (3 mm), granules (0.4 mm), and powder (0.0075 mm) are the sizes considered in the experiment. The surface morphology, surface area, porosity and functional group at different sized was analyzed. Finally, a suitable particle size was recommended for the electrode material of supercapacitor based on the physical characteristics of the activated carbon.

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Development of a Chemical Equilibrium Model of the Downdraft Fixed Bed Gasification Process with known Product Temperature, Using air as an Oxidizing Agent

Ingenieria y Universidad ◽

10.11144/javeriana.iyu24.dcem ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Andres Quintero-Coronel ◽

Edwin Edgardo Espinel-Blanco ◽

Eder Norberto Flórez-Solano

Keyword(s):

Chemical Equilibrium ◽

Equilibrium Model ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Outlet Temperature ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Gasification Process ◽

Downdraft Fixed Bed ◽

Gasification Reaction ◽

Chemical Equilibrium Model

A chemical equilibrium model for known outlet temperature of the products was carried out on a downdraft fixed bed gasifier. Biomass from oil palm kernel is used with proximate and ultimate analysis; the general gasification reaction takes into account the biomass moisture, the reaction products are formed by CH4, H2O, N2, CO, CO2 and H2. The model is described in detail and the equations are solved using the EES software. The model shows the results obtained for temperature ranges from 500 K to 1500 K and 1.0 atm. The model is validated by direct comparison of the gas composition with the results reported in the literature for similar conditions, obtaining favorable results.

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Mercury Sorption on Chitosan

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.635 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20-21 ◽

pp. 635-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karol Campos ◽

Eric Guibal ◽

Francisco Peirano ◽

M. Ly ◽

Holger Maldonado

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Sorption Isotherms ◽

Sorption Kinetics ◽

Breakthrough Curves ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Continuous Systems ◽

Maximum Sorption

Mercury sorption on chitosan was investigated in batch and continuous systems. Chitosan sorption properties were determined through sorption isotherms. Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used for the modeling of isotherms at pH 5. In batch systems, maximum sorption capacities reached 550 mg Hg/g. Sorption kinetics have been studied as a function of sorbent particle size and stirring rate. Dynamic removal of mercury was tested in a fixed bed reactor investigating the following parameters: particle size, column size, flow velocity and metal ion concentration. Clark and Adams-Bohart models were evaluated for the simulation of breakthrough curves. This study shows that chitosan is an effective sorbent for the treatment and recovery of mercury from dilute effluents at near neutral pH.

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Influence of particle size on pyrolysis and gasification performance of municipal solid waste in a fixed bed reactor

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.060 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 101 (16) ◽

pp. 6517-6520 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Siyi Luo ◽

Bo Xiao ◽

Zhiquan Hu ◽

Shiming Liu ◽

Yanwen Guan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor

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The Fixed Bed Reaction of Residual Natural Rubber for Oil Production by Pyrolysis Process

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.225 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 931-932 ◽

pp. 225-230

Author(s):

Khanita Kamwilaisak ◽

Mallika Thabuot

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Maximum Amount ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Pyrolysis Reaction ◽

Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽

Chemical Feedstock

The aim of this study is to use pyrolysis reaction to produce oil product as a fuel or chemical feedstock. The fixed bed reactor was used as a pyrolysis system. The pyrolysis reaction of residual para rubber was operated in the absence of catalyse. The operating conditions such as particle size (0.5 and 1.0 cm3) and pyrolysis temperature (500, 550 and 600 OC) were studied under N2 conditions and retention time 90 min. The result shows the para rubber size 1.0 cm3 can be produced liquid phase more than of para rubber size of 0.5 cm3. The optimised condition with the highest oil yield was at 550OC with rubber size of 1.0 cm3. The percentage of the product was 60% of liquid, 35% of gas and 5% of solid (char). Furthermore, the FTIR result can be presented the supported evidence that the transformation of aliphatic contents to be aromatic contents was increased with increased temperature. Also, GCMS analysis was used for the identification and quantification of the product. It was found 5 major products that can be used as a chemical feedstock. The maximum amount of component was 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (Isooctyl phthalate) with 22.08%. This is a plasticizer with higher cost than fuel.

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Optimization and Characterization of Bio-oil Produced from Rice Husk Using Surface Response Methodology

Acta Chemica Malaysia ◽

10.2478/acmy-2021-0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ige Ayodeji Rapheal ◽

Elinge Cosmos Moki ◽

Aliyu Muhammad ◽

Gwani Mohammed ◽

Lawal Hassan Gusau

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Production Optimization ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Surface Response Methodology ◽

Chemical Efficiency ◽

Bio Oil

AbstractThe study depicts the production, optimization and characterization of bio-oil from pyrolyzed rice husk using a fabricated fixed bed reactor. The pyrolysis process was conducted with bio-oil response, bio-char response and non-condensable gases response as products. The effect of pyrolysis variables were observed by the production of the bio-oil as the response. Sixty runs of pyrolysis experiments were suggested by Box Benkhen design indicated optimum pyrolysis conditions at particle size of 2.03mm mesh, reaction time of 81.80 mins and temperature of 650oC for rice husk. The maximum bio-oil yield was obtained with 38.39% at optimum condition of the variables. The bio-oil sample obtained had better performance compared with ASTM standard. Such a determination would contribute so immensely to a significant comprehension of the chemical efficiency of the pyrolysis reaction.

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