Effects of temperature on the chemical composition of tars produced from the gasification of coconut and palm kernel shells using downdraft fixed-bed reactor

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 116910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zubair Yahaya ◽  
Mahendra Rao Somalu ◽  
Andanastuti Muchtar ◽  
Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman ◽  
Wan Ramli Wan Daud
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Downdraft Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

Effect of particle size and temperature on gasification performance of coconut and palm kernel shells in downdraft fixed-bed reactor

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 931-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zubair Yahaya ◽  
Mahendra Rao Somalu ◽  
Andanastuti Muchtar ◽  
Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman ◽  
Wan Ramli Wan Daud
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Downdraft Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

scholarly journals Performance analysis of a commercial fixed bed downdraft gasifier using palm kernel shells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Verdeza-Villalobos ◽  
Yuhan Arley Lenis-Rodas ◽  
Antonio José Bula-Silvera ◽  
Jorge Mario Mendoza-Fandiño ◽  
Rafael David Gómez-Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Downdraft Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

This work analyzes the use of palm kernel shells (PKS) produced by the Colombian palm oil mill industry, for purposes of fueling a commercial downdraft fixed bed gasifier (Ankur Scientific WGB- 20) designed to operate with wood chips. Operational parameters such as hopper shaking time, ash removal time, and airflow were varied in order to get the highest gasifier performance, computed as the ratio between producer gas chemical energy over biomass feeding energy. Experiments were carried out following a half fraction experimental design 24-1. Since these parameters affect the equivalence ratio (ER), behavior indicators were analyzed as a function of ER. It was found that the shaking time and airflow had a significant effect on higher-heating-value (HHV) and process efficiency, while the removal time is not significant. The highest performance for palm shell was reached at ER=0.35, where the resulting gas HHV and process efficiencies were 5.04 MJ/Nm3 and 58%, respectively.

scholarly journals Development of a Chemical Equilibrium Model of the Downdraft Fixed Bed Gasification Process with known Product Temperature, Using air as an Oxidizing Agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Andres Quintero-Coronel ◽  
Edwin Edgardo Espinel-Blanco ◽  
Eder Norberto Flórez-Solano
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Downdraft Fixed Bed ◽  
Gasification Reaction ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium Model

A chemical equilibrium model for known outlet temperature of the products was carried out on a downdraft fixed bed gasifier. Biomass from oil palm kernel is used with proximate and ultimate analysis; the general gasification reaction takes into account the biomass moisture, the reaction products are formed by CH4, H2O, N2, CO, CO2 and H2. The model is described in detail and the equations are solved using the EES software. The model shows the results obtained for temperature ranges from 500 K to 1500 K and 1.0 atm. The model is validated by direct comparison of the gas composition with the results reported in the literature for similar conditions, obtaining favorable results.

Enhanced Catalytic Conversion of Camelina Oil to Hydrocarbon Fuels Over Ni-MCM-41 Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaofeng Xu ◽  
Chengxinzhuo Jia ◽  
Zhengjun Shi ◽  
Ruijuan Liang ◽  
Chunhua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Camelina Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Mcm 41

The ex-situ catalytic cracking of camelina oil using nickel loaded MCM-41 as catalyst at 450 °C in fixed bed reactor was studied. Results revealed that the yield, selectivity and chemical composition of the liquid products was improved by nickel loaded MCM-41 without affecting the crystalline structure of MCM-41. Moreover, the loaded nickel onto MCM-41 facilitated the cyclization, alkylation, aromatization, deoxygenation, isomerization and cracking reactions.

scholarly journals Proses Pembuatan Biofuel dengan Metode perengakahan Menggunakan Katalis Padat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Agus Budianto ◽  
Ayuni Rita Sari ◽  
Yohana Winda Monica ◽  
Erlinda Ningsih ◽  
Esthi Kusdarini
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Camelina Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cracking Process

<table class="NormalTable"><tbody><tr><td width="200"><span class="fontstyle0">The development of population growth causes of fuels need increasing. Because of<br />that reason, it necessary to create alternative fuels which are friendly to the<br />environment to meet the fuels need in society. Fossil fuel is a non-renewable fuel.<br />Biofuel as an alternative fuel can be taken as a solution to solve this problem. The<br />reviewd aim was to determine the effect of raw materials used on yield product and<br />the different effects of temperature and catalysts on the yield of special materials<br />(gasoline, diesel, kerosene) biofuel. Biofuel production started from the<br />preparation of raw materials, catalylic, and catalytic cracking process using a<br />fixed bed reactor. Raw materials greatly affected yield product. The highest yield<br />products were being gotten from RBDPS raw materials of 93.29%. Biofuel from<br />used cooking oil and concentration of red sludge catalyst of 15% produced the<br />highest biofuel with gasoline compound of 73.86% and kerosene compound of<br />26.14%. Biofuel from camelina oil with ZSM-5-Zn catalyst concentration of 30%<br />produced the highest gasoline yield of 75.65%.</span></td></tr></tbody></table>

scholarly journals Influence of microwave pre-treated Palm Kernel Shell and Mukah Balingian coal on co-gasification

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5791-5803 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ahmad ◽  
M. A. M. Ishak ◽  
K. Ismail ◽  
N. N. Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Untreated Sample ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

In this study, microwave irradiation pretreatment of palm kernel shell (PKS) and Mukah Balingian (MB) coal was carried out in a fixed bed reactor. The effect of microwave power and processing time was investigated on pretreated PKS and MB coal characteristic. Then, the co-gasification of microwave pretreated PKS and MB coal was conducted to examine the effect of product yield and gases composition. The results showed that, the characteristics of pretreated sample was improved with increasing microwave power and processing time. The volatile matter, oxygen content and O/C ratio of pretreated sample decreased, while the calorific value, fixed carbon and carbon content of pretreated sample increased with increasing microwave power. The carbon content of pretreated PKS was closed to the untreated MB coal with comparable calorific value was obtained. The microwave power level of 450 W and processing time of 8 min were appropriate to upgrade the PKS and MB coal for co-gasification. The pretreated sample produced higher gas yield and lower tar and char yield than the untreated sample during co-gasification. This result was due to low moisture and oxygenated compound of pretreated feedstock made it appropriate to be converted in co-gasification. Moreover, co-gasification of pretreated sample produced the higher H2+CO and CH4 and lower CO2 composition than untreated sample. Thus, it can be concluded that the microwave irradiation pretreatment on PKS and MB coal performed the significant impact on the product distribution and composition during the co-gasification.

Assessment of Gasification Applicability in a Downdraft Fixed Bed Reactor to Coffee Residues

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yean-Ouk Jeong ◽  
Se-Won Park ◽  
Sang-Yeop Lee ◽  
Gun-Ho Han ◽  
Won-Seok Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Coffee Residues ◽  
Downdraft Fixed Bed

Gas Upgrading in a Downdraft Fixed-Bed Reactor Downstream of a Fluidized-Bed Coal Pyrolyzer

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 5242-5249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zeng ◽  
Yin Wang ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Shisheng Wu ◽  
Jiangze Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Downdraft Fixed Bed

Comparative analysis of wood and solid recovered fuels gasification in a downdraft fixed bed reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vonk ◽  
B. Piriou ◽  
P. Felipe Dos Santos ◽  
D. Wolbert ◽  
G. Vaïtilingom
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Downdraft Fixed Bed

scholarly journals Thermal Degradation Conditions Effects on Selected Biomass Wastes and Characterization of Their Produced Biochar

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Taye Stephen Mogaji ◽  
Emmanuel O. Moses ◽  
Emmanuel Tolulope Idowu ◽  
Tien-Chien Jen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Biomass Waste

Biochar has been proved to be effective in soil amelioration applications, carbon sequestration and also reduce GHG emissions which causes global warming. Biomass stands a greater chance of prevailing as a good source for the production of biochar, which in turn can be a solution for waste management. However, pyrolysis conditions for biochar production, together with feedstock characteristics largely control the physical and chemical properties of the yield biochar product. In this study, investigation on thermal degradation conditions effects on biochar production is carried out. Bio-char was produced using 35.3 litres fixed bed reactor from pyrolysis of Corn Cob (CC), Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) and Sugarcane Bagasse (SB) at temperatures ranging from 100°C to 500°C. The feedstock was also blended in ratio to each other and pyrolyzed to 250°C and 400°C. The analyzed results showed that higher pyrolysis temperatures resulted in lower bio-char mass recovery, higher ash contents, decreased fixed carbon and moisture content. Product characterization also showed that the produced biochar, independent of biomass waste type contained negligible amount of Sulphur (S) and Nitrogen which resulted in lower emission of SO2 and NO2 during the combustion process, this behaviour is observed to be more pronounced with the blended biochar samples investigated in this study as a result, the obtained bio-char product can be used directly for heating purposes. ANOVA test results for both volatile matter and Ash content of the produced biochar revealed that the P-value is greater than 0.01 independent of the biochar samples considered whereas for the fixed carbon of the same bio-char samples, P-value less than 0.01 is attained. These results show how control of biomass pyrolysis conditions can improve biochar chemical properties consequently biochar produced from biomass wastes could be a suitable candidate for alternative energy fuels in terms of quality and environment concern.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document