The impact of aging and environmental conditions on the effective thermal conductivity of several foam materials

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 777-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Berardi
2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Šadauskienė ◽  
Andrius Buska ◽  
Arūnas Burlingis ◽  
Raimondas Bliūdžius ◽  
Albinas Gailius

In order to reduce the amounts of work at the construction site, single‐ply dual density thermal insulating roofing boards are used with increasing frequency for thermal insulation of flat roofs. In this case, the joints between boards are not overlapped by the other ply over it; therefore gaps of varying width form between the sides of the boards through the entire thickness of the insulating layer, whose effect on the effective thermal conductivity of the thermal insulating layer must be evaluated. The aim of this project was to assess the reliability of standard method, used to determine the impact of such air gaps on the effective thermal conductivity of the thermal insulating layer by comparing the results of calculations and the results of measurements of thermal conductivity, also to determine the correction factors for thermal transmittance of horizontal thermal insulation layers due to the forming vertical air gaps between the single‐ply mineral wool boards. After measurements of thermal resistances of 50 mm thick thermal insulation board with the air gaps which width varied from 3 mm to 20 mm, it was determined that the thermal conductivity value of the air gaps increases with the increment of the width of air gaps. After completion the experimental measurements of thermal conductivity it was determined that the height of closed and unventilated or partly ventilated air gaps has no effect on the properties of effective thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer when the air gap width is up to 5 mm. When wider unventilated or partly ventilated air gaps occur, the effective thermal conductivity coefficient increases proportionally as the height of the air gaps increases. Calculated according to the standard method the affix to the thermal transmittance is overly general and not always appropriate. In some cases it is 6 times higher or 4 times lower than the measured one. In this paper a method to evaluate the effects of air gaps by the use of correction factor to the thermal transmittance of the horizontal thermal insulating layer is proposed. Santrauka Nornt sumažinti darbų apimtis statybos vietoje, stogams šiltinti vis dažniau naudojamos vienu sluoksniu klojamos dvitankės termoizoliacinės plokštės. Šiuo atveju plokščių sandūros neperdengiamos, todėl tarp plokščių kraštinių susidaro įvairaus pločio plyšių, kurių įtaka termoizoliacinio sluoksnio šilumai perduoti turi būti įvertinta. Šio darbo tikslas yra įvertinti standartinio metodo, taikomo tokių plyšių poveikiui sluoksnio šilumos laidumui, patikimumui nustatyti lyginant skaičiavimo ir šilumos laidumo matavimų rezultatus, nustatyti horizontaliojo termoizoliacinio sluoksnio šilumos perdavimo koeficiento pataisas dėl vertikaliųjų oro plyšių susidarymo. Apskaičiavus 50 mm storio termoizoliacinio sluoksnio oro plyšių šilumines varžas, kai plyšių plotis yra nuo 3–20 mm, nustatyta, kad oro plyšių šilumos laidumo koeficiento vertė didėja didėjant oro plyšio pločiui. Atlikus eksperimentinius šilumos laidumo matavimus, nustatyta, kad susidarančių uždarų ir nevėdinamų arba iš dalies vėdinamų oro plyšių aukštis neturi įtakos termoizoliacinio sluoksnio šilumos laidumo savybėms, kai oro plyšys yra iki 5 mm pločio. Esant platesniems uždariems ir nevėdinamiems oro plyšiams, šilumos laidumo koeficientas proporcingai didėja didėjant oro plyšių aukščiui. Pagal standartinį metodą skaičiuotas šilumos perdavimo koeficiento priedas yra per daug apibendrinantis ir ne visada tinkamas. Kai kuriais atvejais jis yra 6 kartus didesnis arba 4 kartus mažesnis už išmatuotąjį. Šiame darbe pasiūlytas horizontaliojo termoizoliacinio sluoksnio šilumos perdavimo koeficiento priedo, naudojamo plyšių įtakai įvertinti, skaičiavimo metodas.


Author(s):  
Mohsen Sharifpur ◽  
Tshimanga Ntumba ◽  
Josua P. Meyer

There is a lack of reported research on comprehensive hybrid models for the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids that takes into consideration all major mechanisms and parameters. The major mechanisms are the nanolayer, Brownian motion and clustering. The recognized important parameters can be the volume fraction of the nanoparticles, temperature, particle size, thermal conductivity of the nanolayer, thermal conductivity of the base fluid, PH of the nanofluid, and the thermal conductivity of the nanoparticle. Therefore, in this work, a parametric analysis of effective thermal conductivity models for nanofluids was done. The impact of the measurable parameters, like volume fraction of the nanoparticles, temperature and the particle size for the more sited models, were analyzed by using alumina-water nanofluid. The result of this investigation identifies the lack of a hybrid equation for the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids and, consequently, more research is required in this field.


2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Yong Zhu ◽  
Zeng-Yao Li ◽  
Wen-Quan Tao

This paper presents a theoretical and numerical study on the heat conduction of gas confined in a cuboid nanopore, in which there exists a temperature difference between the top and bottom walls and the side walls are adiabatic. A modified gas mean free path in confined space is proposed by considering the impact of collisions between molecules and solid surfaces, with which an effective thermal conductivity model of gas in the transition regime is derived. A direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) study on the heat conduction of argon and helium in a cuboid nanopore is carried out to validate the present model. The influences of the Knudsen number and the treatments of boundary conditions on the heat conduction and effective thermal conductivity of gas in nanopores are studied. The temperature jumps and the reduction of heat flux near side walls are analyzed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Michał Kubiś ◽  
Mirosław Seredyński ◽  
Łukasz Cieślikiewicz ◽  
Tomasz Wiśniewski ◽  
Anna Boczkowska

The physical properties of epoxy based carbon reinforced composites are highly anisotropic due to their directional structure and dependent on the manufacturing process parameters. Thermal conductivity was found to be dependent on the void volume fractions, which appear as a result of the insufficient vacuum level. In the proposed paper the multi-scale computational model of heat transfer across the carbon fiber-epoxy resin composite is proposed. The meso-scale effective thermal conductivities are determined with analytical formulae for isotropic and anisotropic media, the latter takes into account thermal resistance at the interface of fibres and epoxy resin. Proposed model is utilized to determine the effective thermal conductivity in the direction perpendicular to plies of composite. The influence of void fractions and the thickness of the composite on the effective thermal conductivity is investigated. The numerical outcomes underestimate the real variation in conductivity, which can be caused by change in carbon volume fraction of samples manufactured at different vacuum levels which was not considered in numerical computation.


Author(s):  
David Romero ◽  
Aydin Nabovati ◽  
Gamal Refai-Ahmed ◽  
Daniel P. Sellan ◽  
Saeed Ghalambor ◽  
...  

In current and next-generation semiconductor electronic devices, sub-continuum heat transfer effects and non-uniform power distribution across the die surface lead to large temperature gradients and localized hot spots on the die. These hot spots can adversely affect device performance and reliability. In this work, we propose an enhanced method for thermal map prediction that considers sub-continuum thermal transport effects and show their impact in floor plan optimization. Sub-continuum effects are expressed in terms of an effective thermal conductivity. We introduce and calibrate a 2D thermal model of the die for fast simulation of thermal effects under non-uniform power generation scenarios. The calibrated 2D model is then used to study the impact of the effective thermal conductivity on the thermal map prediction and floor plan optimization. Results show that sub-continuum effects radically change both the predicted thermal performance and the optimal floor plan configurations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binjian Ma ◽  
Debjoyti Banerjee

Abstract Nanofluids have drawn increasing attention in heat transfer applications due to their anomalous enhancement of the thermophysical properties in contemporary literature. Various studies have shown that the addition of minute concentration of the nanoparticles to a base solvent can yield dramatic enhancement of the effective thermal conductivity. A number of parameters have been reported to affect the level of such enhancement such as size, shape, morphology, concentration, and material properties of the nanoparticles. Many different theoretical models have also been proposed in the past literature for predicting the thermal conductivity of nanofluids under different conditions. In general, these models are based on either simplified static composite model or nanoconvection effect considering the Brownian motion of the nanoparticles. However, a few studies have explored the impact of nanoparticle aggregation on the nanofluid thermal conductivity. In particular, the formation of porous percolation structure by the nanoparticles can alter the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluid substantially. In this study, a two-stage numerical simulation is performed to analyze the thermal transport behavior inside nanofluid considering different levels of percolation network formed by the nanoparticles. Based on the simulation results, an empirical model is developed to predict the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluid as a function of nanoparticle size, concentration, and the permeability of nano-aggregation. The results demonstrated a strong dependence of nanofluid thermal conductivity on the nanocluster density, where a looser nanonetwork can yield a significantly higher level of thermal conductivity enhancement under the same particle size and concentration conditions.


2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Seidel ◽  
Dimitris C. Lagoudas

A micromechanics approach for assessing the impact of an interfacial thermal resistance, also known as the Kapitza resistance, on the effective thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube-polymer nanocomposites is applied, which includes both the effects of the presence of the hollow region of the carbon nanotube (CNT) and the effects of the interactions amongst the various orientations of CNTs in a random distribution. The interfacial thermal resistance is a nanoscale effect introduced in the form of an interphase layer between the CNT and the polymer matrix in a nanoscale composite cylinder representative volume element to account for the thermal resistance in the radial direction along the length of the nanotube. The end effects of the interfacial thermal resistance are accounted for in a similar manner through the use of an interphase layer between the polymer and the CNT ends. Resulting micromechanics predictions for the effective thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites with randomly oriented CNTs, which incorporate input from molecular dynamics for the interfacial thermal resistance, demonstrate the importance of including the hollow region in addition to the interfacial thermal resistance, and compare well with experimental data.


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