The impacts of the electricity demand pattern on electricity system cost and the electricity supply mix: a comprehensive modeling analysis for Europe

PT. Ega Nusantara is one of the medium voltage panel maker companies in Indonesia. Where the majority of products are used by PT. PLN throughout Indonesia. PT. Ega Nusantara seeks to improve its competitiveness by adding new products outside the panel, namely current transformers, voltage transformers, bushings, capacitive deviders, insulators and load break switches. The whole component is a panel supporting component made from epoxy resin. To expand, a study of marketing strategies is needed using SWOT analysis and identifies the company's internal and external environmental factors that influence marketing strategies. Indonesia's current economic growth requires the support of reliable energy supplies including electricity. Electricity needs will increase in line with economic development and population growth. Based on the RUPTL (Electricity Supply Business Plan) PT. PLN, Indonesia have’t get the electricity of all regions could become potential investment in the electricity sector. The electrification ratio up to 2016 was 91.16%. When compared to Singapore it's already 100%, Brunei Darussalam 99.7%, Malaysia 99.0%, Thailand 99.3%, and Vietnam 98.0%. In addition to the condition of the electrification ratio that has not reached 100%, the condition of the electricity supply in the national electricity system also reflects the imbalance between supply and demand, with these conditions, of course, there are still opportunities for investors to participate in electricity supply businesses.

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Managing Power Demand from Air Conditioning Benefits Solar PV in India Scenarios for 2040

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13092223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2223

Author(s):

Ahmad Murtaza Ershad ◽

Robert Pietzcker ◽

Falko Ueckerdt ◽

Gunnar Luderer

Keyword(s):

Air Conditioning ◽

Economic Value ◽

Electricity Demand ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Demand Side ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Source Power ◽

Sector Model ◽

Electricity System ◽

Pv Generation

An Indian electricity system with very high shares of solar photovoltaics seems to be a plausible future given the ever-falling solar photovoltaic (PV) costs, recent Indian auction prices, and governmental support schemes. However, the variability of solar PV electricity, i.e., the seasonal, daily, and other weather-induced variations, could create an economic barrier. In this paper, we analyzed a strategy to overcome this barrier with demand-side management (DSM) by lending flexibility to the rapidly increasing electricity demand for air conditioning through either precooling or chilled water storage. With an open-source power sector model, we estimated the endogenous investments into and the hourly dispatching of these demand-side options for a broad range of potential PV shares in the Indian power system in 2040. We found that both options reduce the challenges of variability by shifting electricity demand from the evening peak to midday, thereby reducing the temporal mismatch of demand and solar PV supply profiles. This increases the economic value of solar PV, especially at shares above 40%, the level at which the economic value roughly doubles through demand flexibility. Consequently, DSM increases the competitive and cost-optimal solar PV generation share from 33–45% (without DSM) to ~45–60% (with DSM). These insights are transferable to most countries with high solar irradiation in warm climate zones, which amounts to a major share of future electricity demand. This suggests that technologies, which give flexibility to air conditioning demand, can be an important contribution toward enabling a solar-centered global electricity supply.

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The cost of undisturbed landscapes: on the valuation of wind turbines in Austria

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-11328 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Wehrle ◽

Johannes Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Wind Energy ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Electricity Market ◽

House Prices ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Negative Externalities ◽

System Cost ◽

Electricity System ◽

Set Up

In Europe, the system cost minimizing highly renewable power system set-up predominantly relies on wind energy, with minor shares of photovoltaics.Yet, minimizing system cost neglects negative externalities of wind turbines, such as their impact on wildlife, noise emissions, landscape aesthetics, manifesting in local economic impacts such as a decline of house prices in the vicinity of wind turbines.To better understand the trade-off between electricity system cost and the negative externalities from wind turbines, we quantify the increase in electricity system cost when the system cost minimizing deployment of wind turbines is reduced in the favor of photovoltaics.Methodologically, we rely on the power system model medea, an open, techno-economic, numerical model of hourly dispatch and investment, set up to resemble the electricity market in Austria and its largest electricity trading partner Germany in 2030, when Austria aims to generate 90% of its electricity consumption from domestic renewable sources on annual balance.Depending on the capital cost of renewable energy technologies, the marginal system cost from displaced wind turbines can reach up to 40.000 EUR per MW and year or approximately 20 EUR per MWh. Moreover, CO2 emissions can increase by up to 1.2 million tons per year when wind energy is fully displaced. Producer surplus could increase by up to 220 million EUR per annum at intermediate wind energy displacement but falls back towards initial levels when wind energy is fully displaced.These numbers compare to estimates of property price declines between 2% and 16% caused by wind turbines, depending on the proximity to, and the visibility of the turbine. For illustration, adding a 3.5 MW wind turbine to a total installed wind power capacity of 12.6 GW in Austria over its lifetime (assuming a 3% discount rate) would generate sufficient social value to compensate affected property worth between 0.8 and 6.7 million EUR.

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Electricity supply in South Africa

Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie ◽

10.4102/satnt.v5i1.970 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 9-17

Author(s):

J. W. L. De Villiers

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Capital Market ◽

Strong Influence ◽

Capital Expenditure ◽

Electricity Demand ◽

Electricity Supply ◽

Fixed Asset ◽

Asset Value ◽

Installed Capacity

ESCOM, at present providing for some 95% of the electricity demand, has grown from a relatively small undertaking with a total installed capacity of less than 30 MW(e) in 1922 and a capital expenditure of R15 million during the period 1923 -1930, to a gigantic undertaking with a fixed-asset value of nearly R16 billion in 1984, a staff complement of more than 60 000 and an income of over R3 billion p.a. With an estimated capital-expansion programme of between 4 and 5 billion rand p.a., ESCOM is the largest single borrower on the local capital market and it exercises a strong influence on the economy.

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Risk Inherent in Matching Unreliability With Uncertainty

Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics - Research, Practices, and Innovations in Global Risk and Contingency Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-4754-9.ch005 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 73-97

Author(s):

Roy L. Nersesian ◽

Joe McManus

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuel ◽

Solar Power ◽

Electricity Demand ◽

Uncertain Demand ◽

Electricity Supply ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Calm Weather ◽

Unreliable Supply

Solar and wind are unreliable sources of energy. Several years ago, there was an eclipse over Europe during calm weather reducing renewable (wind and solar) power to nil – without 100% backup, the lights would have gone out. Electricity demand is uncertain, but its uncertainty can be bracketed within known parameters based on an analysis of past demand. Meeting uncertain demand with reliable supply (fossil fuel, nuclear, hydro except in dry seasons) is the normal course of business for an operating utility. Matching up unreliable supply with uncertain demand is a newly emerging trend with the advent of renewables. At first, when solar and wind made minute contributions to satisfying electricity demand, the challenge was manageable. The challenge is becoming more prominent with the growth in the contribution of solar and wind to electricity supply. This chapter describes the risk of matching unreliability with uncertainty via a simulation of a utility with a notable commitment to renewables. Upon measuring risk, means to mitigate that risk will be covered.

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Ideas, Individuals and Institutions: Notion and Practices of a European Electricity System

Contemporary European History ◽

10.1017/s0960777318000115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 202-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

VINCENT LAGENDIJK

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Electricity Market ◽

Electricity Supply ◽

The European Union ◽

Archival Research ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Electricity System ◽

Path Dependencies ◽

European System ◽

Strong Path

Based upon extensive multi-archival research, this article traces the long lineage of the notion of European electricity network. Since the 1930s engineers and policy makers conceived of a geographical conception for rationalising and optimising electricity supply: a European one. This article purports that three vectors undergirded threads of continuity: institutional, intellectual and physical (technological networks). These vectors, and the actors involved in them, created strong path dependencies that kept the idea of a European system firmly on the agenda. Today's international electricity market of the European Union should be seen as an extension of this legacy.

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3. Electricity systems

Energy Systems: A Very Short Introduction ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780198813927.003.0003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 48-73

Author(s):

Nick Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Supply And Demand ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Supply System ◽

Electricity Supply ◽

Electricity System ◽

Secondary Objective ◽

Conventional Structure ◽

Transmission And Distribution ◽

Electricity Systems

‘Electricity systems’ explains that the two essential functions of an electricity system are to take power from the generators and distribute it to consumers, and to balance the supply and demand of electrical energy. A secondary objective is to control the voltage but this is easier and cheaper to accomplish. The conventional structure of a modern electricity supply system and what should be considered in its design and operation is discussed before considering contemporary developments in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. All aspects of the electricity system are entering a period of great change, especially in the distribution networks with rapidly increasing distributed generation.

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