Influence of temperature and salt concentration on the salt weathering of a sedimentary stone with sodium sulphate

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Angeli ◽  
R. Hébert ◽  
B. Menéndez ◽  
C. David ◽  
J.-P. Bigas
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Salt Weathering ◽  
Influence Of Temperature

Influence of temperature and salt concentration on the salt weathering of a sedimentary stone with sodium sulphate

2010 ◽  
Vol 333 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Angeli ◽  
Ronan Hébert ◽  
Beatriz Menéndez ◽  
Christian David ◽  
Jean-Philippe Bigas
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Salt Weathering ◽  
Influence Of Temperature

scholarly journals IV. On the influence of temperature on the heat of dissolution of salts in water

1885 ◽  
Vol 38 (235-238) ◽  
pp. 401-414
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Salt Melts ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Anhydrous Compound ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Heat Of Dissolution ◽  
Vexed Question

The experiments described in this paper were undertaken in the hope of obtaining some light upon the vexed question of the condition in which a solid exists when dissolved in a liquid, and were directed more especially towards the investigation of the well-known remarkable phenomena exhibited by sodium sulphate. Crystallised sodium sulphate melts at about 34°, and at this temperature the salt begins to show signs of dissociation by depositing the anhydrous compound. According to Wiedemann, indeed, indications of change are observable at a few degrees lower. He finds by observation of the volume of the crystallised salt at different temperatures, that whereas slight expansion occurs from 17° to about 30°, contraction then sets in, at first slowly, then, at 33° to 34°, very rapidly, till the salt melts. The melted salt expands regularly in proportion as the temperature is raised to near 100°. Nicol has made experiments upon the expansion of solutions of the same salt, and with similar results.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature and Salt Concentration on the Hydrophobic Interactions of Adamantane and Hexane

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bogunia ◽  
Adam Liwo ◽  
Cezary Czaplewski ◽  
Joanna Makowska ◽  
Artur Giełdoń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Influence Of Temperature

scholarly journals The influence of temperature in a capillary imbibition salt weathering simulation test on Mokattam limestone

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (317) ◽  
pp. e044 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aly ◽  
M. Gomez–Heras ◽  
A. Hamed ◽  
M. Álvarez de Buergo ◽  
F. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Salt Weathering ◽  
Capillary Imbibition ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Influence Of Temperature

Determination of nitrogen in soil by the Kjeldahl method

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bremner
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Kjeldahl Digestion ◽  
Kjeldahl Method

1. The reliability of the Kjeldahl method for the determination of nitrogen in soils has been investigated using a range of soils containing from 0·03 to 2·7% nitrogen.2. The same result was obtained when soil was analysed by a variety of Kjeldahl procedures which included methods known to recover various forms of nitrogen not determined by Kjeldahl procedures commonly employed for soil analysis. From this and other evidence presented it is concluded that very little, if any, of the nitrogen in the soils examined was in the form of highly refractory nitrogen compounds or of compounds containing N—N or N—O linkages.3. Results by the method of determining nitrogen in soils recommended by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists were 10–37% lower than those obtained by other methods tested. Satisfactory results were obtained by this method when the period of digestion recommended was increased.4. Ammonium-N fixed by clay minerals is determined by the Kjeldahl method.5. Selenium and mercury are considerably more effective than copper for catalysis of Kjeldahl digestion of soil. Conditions leading to loss of nitrogen using selenium are defined, and difficulties encountered using mercury are discussed.6. The most important factor in Kjeldahl analysis is the temperature of digestion with sulphuric acid, which is controlled largely by the amount of potassium (or sodium) sulphate used for digestion.7. The period of digestion required for Kjeldahl analysis of soil depends on the concentration of potassium sulphate in the digest. When the concentration is low (e.g. 0·3 g./ml. sulphuric acid) it is necessary to digest for several hours; when it is high (e.g. 1·0 g./ml. sulphuric acid) short periods of digestion are adequate. Catalysts greatly affect the rate of digestion when the salt concentration is low, but have little effect when the salt concentration is high.8. Nitrogen is lost during Kjeldahl analysis when the temperature of digestion exceeds about 400° C.9. Determinations of the amounts of sulphuric acid consumed by various mineral and organic soils during Kjeldahl digestion showed that there is little risk of loss of nitrogen under the conditions usually employed for Kjeldahl digestion of soil. Acid consumption values for various soil constituents are given, from which the amounts of sulphuric acid likely to be consumed during Kjeldahl digestion of different types of soil can be calculated.10. Semi-micro Kjeldahl methods of determining soil nitrogen gave the same results as macro-Kjeldahl methods.11. The use of the Hoskins apparatus for the determination of ammonium is described.12. It is concluded that the Kjeldahl method is satisfactory for the determination of nitrogen in soils provided a few simple precautions are observed. The merits and defects of different Kjeldahl procedures are discussed.

Electrophoresis of a Charge-Regulated Zwitterionic Particle: Influence of Temperature and Bulk Salt Concentration

Langmuir ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 2427-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien Hsu ◽  
Ting-Wen Lo ◽  
Duu-Jong Lee ◽  
Jyh-Ping Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
A Charge

On Factors Influencing the Gas-Exchange in Fish

1946 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Punt ◽  
J. Jongbloed
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Area Law

AbstractI. Using a new method in which fishes were kept in their natural circumstances the metabolic rate of these was established by means of the diaferometer-technique. 2. The relation between the size of fish and the rate of gas-exchange per unit of body weight could be affirmed. The surface-area-law is discussed. 3. The influence of temperature is studied; the Q, 10 has probably a maximum value at optimum temperature. 4. The influence of CO2- and O2-pressure is discussed. Most fishes did not react at i oo % O2; at lower pressures a higher metabolic rate may be found, due to increased fidget of the animals. 5. Salt concentration probably is more important than pH of the water as to metabolic rate of fishes. 6. No results were obtained as to the influence of thyroxin and progesteron, added to the water, on the metabolism of Rhodeus amarus L.

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM SULPHATE ON THE ABSORPTION OF ACID DYES BY WOOL

1950 ◽  
Vol 28f (7) ◽  
pp. 238-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Benson ◽  
P. Larose
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Salt Effect ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Acid Strength ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
Acid Dyes

The sorption of the dye Orange II by wool has been determined at the boiling point in the presence of various concentrations of sulphuric acid and of sodium sulphate within the range usually found in practice. Some experiments were also carried out with hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride. It is shown that the results for any one acid and salt concentration can be represented by a simple relation which has the same form for all results. Although this relation has the form of an adsorption isotherm, it remains purely empirical at present. The salt effect is readily explained on the basis of the Donnan equilibrium. The effect of acid strength is to fix the saturation value for the dye.

Influence of temperature and salt concentration on the growth of a facultatively halophilic "Micrococcus" sp.

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Novitsky ◽  
D. J. Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Influence Of Temperature

Growth characteristics of a facultatively halophilic strain of Micrococcus, capable of growth in medium containing no added NaCl and in medium containing 5.5 M NaCl, were studied over a range of salt concentrations and temperatures. Optimal growth occurred at 35C in a medium containing 1.0 M NaCl. In a medium containing 0.1 M NaCl, growth only occurred if the incubation temperature was less than 30C. No growth occurred if KCl, LiCl, NH4Cl, MgCl2, or sucrose was substituted for NaCl at 35C. A reexamination of bacteria previously described as moderate halophiles is suggested.

scholarly journals Salt weathering of limestones: susceptibility of petrographical features (SEM study)

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (S4) ◽  
pp. 113-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Alves ◽  
C. Figueiredo ◽  
A. Maurício ◽  
L. Aires-Barros
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Salt Weathering ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Water Cleaning ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Important Amount ◽  
Sem Studies

Salt weathering is one of the main processes affecting rock materials applied in the built environment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies can contribute to the understanding of the susceptibility of petrographic features of rocks to salt weathering.SEM studies were performed in limestones (grainstones with the commercial designations of Semi-rijo and Moca Creme and a travertine) submitted to salt weathering tests (EN 12370 using sodium sulphate solutions and cubic specimens) consisting of 15 cycles of immersion/drying followed by water washing after the 15th cycle. Fragments from small cubes of the grainstones subjected to salt weathering cycles without the final water cleaning were also studied. SEM observation before and after the tests allows the discussion of the petrographical characteristics of these rocks that contribute to erosive decay under salt weathering.In the case of the grainstones specimens the texture can be described in general as allochemical particles cemented by sparry calcite (Figure 1 a) and it is visible from the preparation of the polished surfaces the interface between the sparry cement and the allochemical components. After the salt weathering tests, SEM studies show (Figure 1 b) extensive fissuring in the sparry cement and separation between grains and sparry cement. Observations of disaggregation products showed an important amount of apparently intact grains. These results are similar to those observed by with the sparry cement being affect by salt crystallisation and lesser impact on the grains. Studies in the unwashed specimens showed the presence of sodium sulphate in the interface between allochemical grains and the sparry cement (Figure 1 c,d). Travertine specimens show heterogeneous patterns of erosion attributed to the heterogeneous texture of this rock, with more terrigenous (especially clay-rich) portions that favour a higher erosive susceptibility and the presence of clays has been frequently connected with salt weathering susceptibility in limestones. In Figure 1e can be observed the heterogeneity of a polished surface, with the more irregular portions showing a chemical spectra (Figure 1 f) indicative of the terrigenous component and the presence of sodium and sulphate (resulting from the solutions used in these weathering tests).The authors acknowledge the support of the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (POCTI/CTA/44940/2002; PEst-OE/CTE/UI0697/2011 and Pest-OE/CTE/UI0098/2011, funding by the European Union and national budget of the Portuguese Republic). Acknowledgments to Eng. Teresa Luís, Eng. Sónia Pereira and Enterprise Mármores Galrão for the rock blocks.

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