Sustained rice yields and decreased N runoff in a rice-wheat cropping system by replacing wheat with Chinese milk vetch and sharply reducing fertilizer use

AbstractSimplified cultivation methods for rice production offer considerable social, economic, and environmental benefits. However, limited information is available on yield components of rice grown using simplified cultivation methods in a rice-ratoon rice cropping system. A field experiment using two hybrid and two inbred rice cultivars was conducted to compare four cultivation methods (conventional tillage and transplanting, CTTP; conventional tillage and direct seeding, CTDS; no-tillage and transplanting, NTTP; no-tillage and direct seeding, NTDS) in a rice-ratoon rice system from 2017 to 2020. Main season yields for CTDS and NTDS were higher than for CTTP by 6.1% and 2.8%, respectively; whereas ratoon season yields for CTDS and NTDS were equal to or higher than for CTTP. Annual grain yields for CTDS and NTDS were higher than for CTTP by 4.4% and 3.2%, respectively. The higher CTDS and NTDS yields were associated with higher panicle numbers per m2 and biomass production. Rice hybrids had higher yields than inbred cultivars by 15.8–19.3% for main season and by 15.6–19.4% for ratoon season, which was attributed to long growth duration, high grain weight and biomass production. Our results suggest that CTTP can be replaced by CTDS and NTDS to maintain high grain yields and save labor costs. Developing cultivars with high grain weight could be a feasible approach to achieve high rice yields in the rice-ratoon rice cropping system in southwest China.

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Effect of enhanced ammonium rate on growth and fertilizer use efficiency of greenhouse tomato in an annual succession cropping system

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904167.2019.1656244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (20) ◽

pp. 2731-2744

Author(s):

Huarui Gong ◽

Hongyi Luo ◽

Yanyan Qi ◽

Xiaoyan Pang ◽

Xupeng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cropping System ◽

Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽

Fertilizer Use ◽

Greenhouse Tomato ◽

Use Efficiency

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YIELD AND N2 FIXATION OF PEA AND LENTIL AS AFFECTED BY INTERCROPPING AND N APPLICATION

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss89-025 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 243-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

L. E. COWELL ◽

E. BREMER ◽

C. VAN KESSEL

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Cropping System ◽

The Other ◽

N Application ◽

Total N ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

Fertilizer Use ◽

Yellow Mustard ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Growing Conditions

Farmers in Saskatchewan have recently begun intercropping pea with nonlegumes in order to reduce lodging of the pea crop and thus improve harvesting operations. The response of pea and lentil to intercropping and N application was determined at five locations throughout Saskatchewan in 1987. At each site one of the following combinations was tested: lentil and flax, pea and rape, pea and yellow mustard or pea and oats. All treatments received 10, 30 or 50 kg N ha−1 as urea. Nitrogen-15 microplots were included to measure N2-fixation and percent fertilizer use efficiency (% FUE). Intercropping reduced lodging and improved harvesting conditions of pea and lentil. An increase in the land equivalent ratio (LER) due to intercropping was observed at two sites where growing conditions were poorer than at the other three sites. At the other sites intercropping systems had a similar or intermediate % FUE to that of the monocropped legume and non-legume. Percent N derived from N2-fixation (% Ndfa) ranged from 4.6 to 87.6, depending on site, level of N application and cropping system. Intercropped legumes had a significantly higher % Ndfa than monocropped legumes at two sites. Nitrogen fertilization reduced the % Ndfa of monocropped legumes at two sites but never affected the % Ndfa of intercropped legumes. Total N2 fixed was almost always less in intercropped than in monocropped systems, although only significantly at two sites. No significant lower values for atom % 15N of intercropped non-legumes as compared with monocropped non-legumes were observed, indicating that transfer of N from the legume to the non-legume was minimal. Key words: Intercropping, monocropping, flax, lentil, rape, pea, yellow mustard, oat

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Increased planting density of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) weakens phosphorus uptake advantage by rapeseed (Brassica napus) in a mixed cropping system

AoB Plants ◽

10.1093/aobpla/plz033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Deshan Zhang ◽

Hongbo Li ◽

Zishi Fu ◽

Shumei Cai ◽

Sixin Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Cropping System ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

P Uptake ◽

Planting Density ◽

Mixed Cropping ◽

Total Root Length ◽

Chinese Milk Vetch

Abstract Neighbouring plants can affect plant growth through altering root morphological and physiological traits, but how exactly root systems respond to neighbouring plants with varied density, determining nutrient uptake and shoot growth is poorly understood. In a pot-based experiment, rapeseed was grown alone (single rapeseed), or mixed with 3, 6, or 15 Chinese milk vetch plants. As controls, monocropped Chinese milk vetch was grown at the same planting density, 3, 6, or 15 plants per pot. Root interaction between rapeseed and Chinese milk vetch facilitated phosphorus (P) uptake in rapeseed grown with 3 plants of Chinese milk vetch. As the planting density of Chinese milk vetch in mixture increased, there was a decrease in citrate concentration and acid phosphatase activity but an increase in the total root length of Chinese milk vetch per pot, resulting in decreases in rapeseed root biomass, total root length and P uptake when rapeseed was grown with 6 or 15 Chinese milk vetch plants relative to rapeseed grown with 3 plants. These results demonstrate that the enhanced nutrient utilization induced by root interaction at low planting densities was eliminated by the increased planting density of the legume species in rapeseed/Chinese milk vetch mixed cropping system, suggesting that root/rhizosphere management through optimizing legume planting density is important for improving crop productivity and nutrient-use efficiency.

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Integrated management of Sesbania, Azolla and urea nitrogen in lowland rice under a rice–wheat cropping system

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600086779 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 203-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

B. S. Mahapatra ◽

G. L. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Cropping System ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Split Application ◽

Green Manuring ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Different Sources

SUMMARYA two-year field experiment on a mollisol at Pantnagar showed that organic sources of N gave generally higher rice yields than the equivalent split dressing of prilled urea (PU). In 1985/86, Sesbania green manuring (40 kg N/ha) and PU (40 kg N/ha) and, in 1986/87, Sesbania (40 kg N/ha) + Azolla (40 kg N/ha) gave significantly higher yields than a split application of 80 kg N/ha as PU. Yield increases were attributed to significant variations in panicles/m2, filled spikelets/panicle and nitrogen uptake by the crop. These components, and grain yield, were significantly correlated with wet soil NH+4-N, which was increased by organic manuring. Wheat grown after each rice crop showed significant residual effects of the different sources of N applied to rice.

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Effects of cropping system and varieties on the rice growth and yield in acid sulphate soils of tidal swampland

Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) ◽

10.22146/ipas.62041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Izhar Khairullah ◽

Wahida Annisa ◽

Herman Subagio ◽

Hendri Sosiawan

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Critical Function ◽

Acid Sulphate ◽

Rice Growth ◽

Acid Sulphate Soils ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Main Plot

Swampland plays a critical function in agriculture, specifically in growing rice production. The study aimed to determine the effects of cropping systems and varieties on the rice growth and yield in acid sulfate soil of tidal swampland. The experiment was conducted in a potential acid sulphate soils in Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three HYV’s of rice, namely Inpara 8, Inpari 32, and Margasari. The subplot consisted of five cropping systems, namely, Jarwo 2:1A, Jarwo 2:1B, Jarwo 2:1C, Hazton, and Tegel. The plot size was 4 m x 5 m. The variables observed included initial soil properties, plant growth, and yield components. The jajar legowo cropping system in this study was not able to increase rice yields in acid sulphate soil. There was an interaction effect of cropping systems and varieties on the plant height and number of tillers at vegetative phase. At generative and pre-harvest phases, there was significant single effect of variety and cropping system in the planting height and number of tillers, respectively. Both cropping system and variety significantly affected the number of panicles per hill, while panicle length, grain per panicle and grain yield were only affected by variety. There was no significant effect of both factors on the number of filled grains per panicle. Inpara 8 variety achieved the highest grain yield, which was 6.78 ton.ha-1 or equivalent to 4.34 ton.ha-1 of 14 % water content.

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On-farm Experiments as a Diagnostic Method: Constraints to Nitrogen Fertilizer Use on Sorghum in Semi-arid Tropical India

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700019591 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 155-164

Author(s):

Karen Ann Dvořák

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cropping System ◽

Fertilizer Use ◽

Management Techniques ◽

On Farm ◽

Rainfall Region ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Soil Groups

SUMMARYOn-farm diagnostic experiments were used to study constraints to nitrogen fertilizer use, define recommendation domains, and test fertilizer management techniques for two sorghum cropping systems in semi-arid tropical India. In the post-rainy season sorghum cropping system, nitrogen fertilizer use remains negligible because crop response is poor when sorghum is planted after the end of the monsoon, as is traditional. An earlier planting date would introduce high risks. In the dependable rainfall region, nitrogen fertilizer use on hybrid sorghum could be enhanced by tailoring recommendations to broad farmer-designated soil groups, and by educational programmes on the use of complex fertilizers. Additional research on fertilizer efficiencies on shallow Vertisols is needed. Diagnostic experiments proved a useful, relatively rapid and low cost method of research when complemented by farm management and on-station research data.

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