YIELD AND N2 FIXATION OF PEA AND LENTIL AS AFFECTED BY INTERCROPPING AND N APPLICATION

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. COWELL ◽  
E. BREMER ◽  
C. VAN KESSEL
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growing Conditions

Farmers in Saskatchewan have recently begun intercropping pea with nonlegumes in order to reduce lodging of the pea crop and thus improve harvesting operations. The response of pea and lentil to intercropping and N application was determined at five locations throughout Saskatchewan in 1987. At each site one of the following combinations was tested: lentil and flax, pea and rape, pea and yellow mustard or pea and oats. All treatments received 10, 30 or 50 kg N ha−1 as urea. Nitrogen-15 microplots were included to measure N2-fixation and percent fertilizer use efficiency (% FUE). Intercropping reduced lodging and improved harvesting conditions of pea and lentil. An increase in the land equivalent ratio (LER) due to intercropping was observed at two sites where growing conditions were poorer than at the other three sites. At the other sites intercropping systems had a similar or intermediate % FUE to that of the monocropped legume and non-legume. Percent N derived from N2-fixation (% Ndfa) ranged from 4.6 to 87.6, depending on site, level of N application and cropping system. Intercropped legumes had a significantly higher % Ndfa than monocropped legumes at two sites. Nitrogen fertilization reduced the % Ndfa of monocropped legumes at two sites but never affected the % Ndfa of intercropped legumes. Total N2 fixed was almost always less in intercropped than in monocropped systems, although only significantly at two sites. No significant lower values for atom % 15N of intercropped non-legumes as compared with monocropped non-legumes were observed, indicating that transfer of N from the legume to the non-legume was minimal. Key words: Intercropping, monocropping, flax, lentil, rape, pea, yellow mustard, oat

Effect of enhanced ammonium rate on growth and fertilizer use efficiency of greenhouse tomato in an annual succession cropping system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (20) ◽  
pp. 2731-2744
Author(s):  
Huarui Gong ◽  
Hongyi Luo ◽  
Yanyan Qi ◽  
Xiaoyan Pang ◽  
Xupeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals   Effects of nitrogen application stage on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of high-yield summer maize

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lü ◽  
J.W. Zhang ◽  
L.B. Jin ◽  
W. Liu ◽  
S.T. Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Jointing Stage

This study aims to explore the optimum nitrogen (N) application method by analyzing effects of variable N application stages and ratios on the N absorption and translocation of high-yield summer maize (DH661). The study included field experiments and <sup>15</sup>N isotopic dilutions for pot experiments. Results showed that the yield was not increased in a one-off N application at the jointing stage. The uptake of fertilizer-derived N in the grain increased with the increasing of N applied times. Compared to a single or double application, total N uptake (N<sub>up</sub>) and biomass increased significantly by supplying N at the six-leaf stage (V6), ten-leaf stage (V10) and 10 days after anthesis in ratios of 3:5:2 and 2:4:4. The fertilizer-derived recovery rates were 67.5% and 78.1%, respectively. The uptake and utilization of fertilizer-derived N was enhanced by increasing the recovery rate of N supplied after anthesis, and reducing the absorption of soil-derived N. Therefore, the 2:4:4 application ratios was the optimal N application method. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Evaluation of Four Irrigation Systems for Containerized Ornamentals

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 895D-895
Author(s):  
Peter R. Hicklenton ◽  
Kenneth G. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
P Content ◽  
Use Efficiency

Containerized Cotoneaster dammeri `Coral Beauty' and Forsythia `Northern Gold' were grown in a 2 bark: 1 peat: 1 sand (by volume) medium containing 5 kg·m–3 Nutricote 16N–4.4P–8.1K, Type 140, under four irrigation regimes: drip (DR; 20 min/day; two periods), overhead (OV; 90 min/day; two periods), overhead pulse (OP; 28 min/day; four periods), and subirrigation (SU). Volumes of 0.33, 0.35, and 0.14 liters·day–1 were delivered to each container in the DR, OV, and OP systems, respectively. SU was supplied from a geotextile-covered sand bed. End-of-season dry weights of Cotoneaster and Forsythia were 41% and 55% greater, respectively, in SU-grown plants compared to their OV-irrigated counterparts. Differences in growth between the other three regimes were minor for both species. Pre-dawn and dusk water potentials did not differ between plants in the four regimes, but midday potentials were slightly lower in SU- and DI-irrigated plants. End-of-season foliar N and P content differed only slightly between irrigation treatments, but K levels were significantly higher in SU plants. The reasons for better growth under SU remain obscure but may be related to improved medium nutrient retention and improved fertilizer use efficiency under an irrigation regime in which water moves upwards from the pot base to top.

scholarly journals Yield and nutritional efficiency of corn in response to rates and splits of nitrogen fertilization

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado ◽  
Enrique Oswin Hahn Villalba ◽  
Rafael Pivotto Bortolotto ◽  
Douglas Dalla Nora ◽  
Jardes Bragagnolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
The Moment

ABSTRACT Despite its relevance, nitrogen is poorly utilized by the plants when improperly applied. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in corn in response to doses and split application of nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with three replications. Doses of nitrogen of 0, 30, 60 and 180 kg ha-1 were applied at sowing in order to create different nutritional status of corn plants and to obtain different values of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) measured with “Greenseeker®” optical sensor. The subplots with nitrogen doses in topdressing of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 at V8 and a dose of 60 kg ha-1 at V12 were placed in experimental plots with doses of 0, 30, 60 and 180 kg ha-1 of nitrogen at sowing. Moreover, NUE was calculated in the experiment using agronomic indexes determined by applications of nitrogen in late topdressing (V8 and V12) and contrasted to the possible combinations at doses of 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 of total N applied. The results showed the occurrence of a linear relationship between nitrogen fertilizer dose and NDVI at V8 as well as at V12 stages. Late topdressing fertilizations (V12) did not cause a decrease in grain yield when combined with nitrogen fertilization at sowing, moreover resulted in higher NUE. Split the nitrogen dose showed better NUE than the combinations where nitrogen was not applied at sowing or in topdressing. The delay of nitrogen topdressing can be an alternative for the planning of the moment of the N fertilization according to the climate forecast in each region.

scholarly journals CROP FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS (CFE): A Tool in identifying appropriate planting materials of coconut in different agro climatic conditions

CORD ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
S.S. MAGAT S.S. MAGAT
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Nine (9) sites with different growing conditions used in the Regional Testing of Promising Coconut Hybrids and Cultivars in the Philippines or MULTILOC Project (1985‑1996) was subjected to the Crop Fertilizer Use Efficiency (CFE) Analysis. Two CFE indices were used CFEn = nut yield/kg fertilizer applied (per tree) and CFE X = kg copra yield kg fertilizers applied (per tree).   To a great extent, crop fertilizer use efficiency (CFE) ofsuperior hybrids grown in similar environments and appied with same moderate rates offertilizers have higher efficiency of converting the appliedfertilizers to economic yield, nuts or copra (measured in terms of CFEn and CFEc) compared to tall varielies tested in all MULTILOC sites (dry, intermediate and wet growing zone) at n ine years ftom field‑planting (FP). The CFEs, CFEn (nut‑based) at nine sites clearly differed in ternu of the first (best) five entries with highest CFE values. Explanation for this observation deserves further study, looking into the relationship of hybrid vigour (heterosis), crop morphology, physiology and yield.

scholarly journals ONION GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE PATTERNS AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN RATE AND TIMING OF APPLICATION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1173f-1173
Author(s):  
Robert Wiedenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Spring Onion ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Leaf N

Onion production requires N fertilization, yet use efficiency of applied N is low. Improvements may be possible with a better understanding of plant growth and nutrient requirements over time. Onion growth and nutrient uptake was extremely slow during the winter months following planting, then increased substantially in the spring. Onion leaf N concentrations declined with age, while bulb N concentrations fluctuated with growing conditions but showed no longterm trend. Responses to N application were due primarily to timing and less to rate applied. Nitrogen uptake increased in some cases very quickly following N application, and in other situations was still evident after 6½ months. Yield increases, however, occurred only for preplant and winter fertilizer applications, not for spring application. Yield responses to both timing and rate varied by cultivar, with the later maturing cultivar doing best at the highest rate of preplant and the higher 2 rates of the winter applied N fertilizer.

RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF POINT-INJECTION AND SURFACE APPLICATIONS FOR N FERTILIZATION OF WINTER WHEAT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. JANZEN ◽  
C. W. LINDWALL ◽  
C. J. ROPPEL
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Point Injection ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Methods Of Application

Conventional methods of N application for winter wheat often exhibit low fertilizer use efficiency. The comparative effectiveness of a new method, point-injection of N solution, was evaluated in two similar microplot field experiments established in southern Alberta. The first experiment, conducted over three site-year combinations in 1985 and 1986, compared yield response and fertilizer uptake in four spring-applied fertilizer treatments: broadcast urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN), broadcast urea, broadcast ammonium nitrate, and point-injected UAN, all applied in solution form. The second experiment, conducted at five sites in 1987, compared four spring-applied fertilizer treatments: surface-banded UAN, broadcast urea (granular), broadcast ammonium nitrate (granular), and point-injected UAN. All fertilizers were labeled with 15N to permit direct estimation of fertilizer uptake. The experiments demonstrated significant increases in fertilizer efficiency with point-injection under some conditions. In five of eight comparisons conducted over a 3-yr period, point-injection treatments exhibited significantly higher fertilizer use efficiency than conventional broadcast methods of application. Average fertilizer-N recovery by the crop at all eight sites was 37% in the point-injection treatments compared with only 26% in the broadcast ammonium nitrate treatment, the next most effective method of N application. When one site was excluded, because of possible confounding effects of application time, average recoveries were 34 and 26%, respectively. The increased efficiency of point-injected fertilizers was attributed to the direct placement of fertilizer N into the active rooting zone of the crop. The advantage of point-injection over conventional methods of application was highly variable, ranging from approximately 0 to over 100%, in part because of variations in precipitation patterns. The results of these microplot studies suggest that point-injection has potential for significant enhancement of fertilizer use efficiency in winter wheat, particularly in semi-arid production regions. Key words: 15N, nitrogen, urea, ammonium nitrate, fertilizer placement

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilizer reduction in combination with Azolla cover for reducing ammonia volatilization and improving nitrogen use efficiency of rice

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11077
Author(s):  
Guoying Yang ◽  
Hongting Ji ◽  
Hongjiang Liu ◽  
Yanfang Feng ◽  
Yuefang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Use Efficiency

Background Excessive nitrogen (N) application rate with low N use efficiency (NUE) caused a considerable amount of N losses, especially ammonia volatilization (AV). Proper N fertilizer reduction (RN) could significantly reduce AV. However, continuous RN led to a nutrient deficiency in the soil and therefore negatively impacted the NUE and rice yield. Paddy Azolla, a good green manure, is considered as a promising measure to decrease AV and improve NUE and grain yield of rice. However, there is limited information on the integrated effects of RN and Azolla cover on the AV, NUE, and rice yield, especially in the highly fertilized rice-growing systems. Methods The experiment was conducted including eight treatments: the control (without N fertilizer and Azolla cover), Azolla cover without N fertilizer (A), farmer’s N application rate (FN), FN + Azolla cover (FNA), 15% RN from FN (RN15), RN15 + Azolla cover (RN15A). 30% RN from FN (RN30), RN30 + Azolla cover (RN30A). The integrated effects of N fertilizer reduction and Azolla cover on AV, NUE, and rice grain was evaluated. Results RN15A and RN30A substantially reduced total AV by 50.3 and 66.9% compared with FN, respectively, primarily due to the lower surface water ammonia concentrations and pH. RN improved the efficiency of Azolla cover on reducing AV, with 4.1–9.9% higher than for FN. Compared with the FN, RN15A and RN30A enhanced apparent N recovery efficiency (ANRE) by 46.5 and 39.1%, which might be responsible for the lower NH3 emission and the increased total N uptake / total chemical N applied. Furthermore, RN15A and RN30A reduced yield-scaled volatilization by 52.3 and 64.3% than for FN, respectively. Thus, combining 15–30% RN with Azolla cover may be a way to reduce AV and improve ANRE without decreasing rice grain yield.

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