Effects of short-term increases in personal and ambient pollutant concentrations on pulmonary and cardiovascular function: A panel study analysis of the Multicenter Ozone Study in oldEr subjects (MOSES 2)

This study examined whether particular recovery activities after work have a positive or negative effect on employee recovery from work (i.e., cognitive, emotional, and physical detachment) and sleep quality. We used a two-wave panel study of 230 health care employees which enabled looking at both short-term and long-term effects (i.e., two-year time interval). Gender, age, marital status, children at home, education level, management position, and working hours were used as control variables. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that work-related off-job activities were negatively associated with cognitive and emotional detachment in both the short and long run, whereas low-effort off-job activities were positively related to cognitive detachment in the short run. Moreover, household/care off-job activities were positively related to sleep quality in the long run, whereas physical off-job activities were negatively associated with sleep quality in the long run. The long-term findings existed beyond the strong effects of baseline detachment and sleep quality. This study highlights the importance of off-job recovery activities for health care employees’ detachment from work and sleep quality. Practical implications and avenues for further research are discussed.

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The Processing of Synthetic Speech by Older and Younger Adults

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129203600211 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 190-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Janan Al-Awar Smither

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

The Elderly ◽

Synthetic Speech ◽

Text To Speech ◽

Short Term ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Term Memory ◽

Response Systems ◽

Older Subjects

This experiment investigated the demands synthetic speech places on short term memory by comparing performance of old and young adults on an ordinary short term memory task. Items presented were generated by a human speaker or by a text-to-speech computer synthesizer. Results were consistent with the idea that the comprehension of synthetic speech imposes increased resource demands on the short term memory system. Older subjects performed significantly more poorly than younger subjects, and both groups performed more poorly with synthetic than with human speech. Findings suggest that short term memory demands imposed by the processing of synthetic speech should be investigated further, particularly regarding the implementation of voice response systems in devices for the elderly.

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Acute and short-term efficacy of sauna treatment on cardiovascular function: A meta-analysis

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing ◽

10.1177/1474515120944584 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 147451512094458

Author(s):

Zhongyou Li ◽

Wentao Jiang ◽

Yu Chen ◽

Guanshi Wang ◽

Fei Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cardiovascular Function ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection ◽

Short Term ◽

Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽

Term Efficacy ◽

Cardiovascular Nursing

Objective: The role of sauna bathing in cardiovascular function treatment has been increasingly explored, but insufficient attention has been paid to its efficacy. We performed a meta-analysis to provide more evidence for the efficacy of sauna treatment in cardiovascular nursing. Methods: Sixteen peer-reviewed journal articles were screened to summarize the efficacy of the sauna on cardiovascular function. Both acute (0–30 min after the sauna) and short-term (2–4 weeks following the sauna treatment) efficacies were investigated. Results: For pooled acute efficacy, body temperature and heart rate significantly ( p<0.001) grew by 0.94℃ and 17.86 beats/min, respectively; reductions of 5.55 mmHg ( p<0.001) and 6.50 mmHg ( p<0.001) were also observed in systolic blood pressure and diastole blood pressure, respectively. For combined short-term efficacy, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6-min walk distance, and flow-mediated dilation ( p<0.001) increased by 3.27%, 48.11 m, and 1.71%, respectively; greater amelioration in LVEF was observed in participants with lower LVEF. The proportion of patients with New York Heart Association class III and IV decreased by 10.9% and 12.2%, respectively. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, brain natriuretic peptide concentration, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, cardiothoracic ratio, and left atrial dimension reduced by 5.26 mmHg ( p<0.001), 4.14 mmHg ( p<0.001), 116.66 pg/mL ( p<0.001), 2.79 mm ( p<0.001), 2.628% ( p<0.05), and 1.88 mm ( p<0.05), respectively, while the concentration of norepinephrine in the plasma remained unchanged. Conclusion: Sauna treatment was found to play a positive role in improving cardiovascular function and physical activity levels, especially in patients with low cardiovascular function. These findings reveal that thermal intervention may be a promising means for cardiovascular nursing.

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Short-Term Effects of Carbonaceous Components in PM2.5 on Pulmonary Function: A Panel Study of 37 Chinese Healthy Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16132259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (13) ◽

pp. 2259 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Huang ◽

Feng ◽

Zuo ◽

Liao ◽

He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Elemental Carbon ◽

Panel Study ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

University Campus ◽

Short Term ◽

Organic Carbon Concentration ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Objectives: To explore the health effects of indoor/outdoor carbonaceous compositions in PM2.5 on pulmonary function among healthy students living in the local university campus. Methods: Daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were measured among 37 healthy students in the morning and evening for four two-week periods. Concurrent concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5m), carbonaceous components in PM2.5, ambient temperature, and relative humidity in the study area were also obtained. Mixed-effects model was applied to evaluate the associations between carbonaceous components and lung function. Different lags for the carbonaceous components were investigated. Results: In single-pollutant model, a 10 g/m3 increase of indoor and outdoor EC (elemental carbon) associated with −3.93 (95%CI: −6.89, −0.97) L/min and −3.21 (95%CI: −5.67, −0.75) L/min change in evening PEF at lag 0 day, respectively. Also, a 10 g/m3 increase of indoor and outdoor POC (primary organic carbon) concentration was significantly associated with −5.82 (95%CI: −10.82, −0.81) L/min and −7.32 (95%CI: −12.93, −1.71) L/min change of evening PEF at lag 0 day. After adjusting total mass of PM2.5, indoor EC consistently had a significant adverse impact on evening PEF and FEV1 at lag3 day and a cumulative effect at lag0-3 day. Conclusions: This study suggests that carbonaceous components in PM2.5 indeed have impacts on pulmonary function among healthy young adults especially on evening PEF. Thus, the local mitigation strategies on pollution are needed.

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Short-Term Effects of Atmospheric Pollution on Daily Mortality and Their Modification by Increased Temperatures Associated with a Climatic Change Scenario in Northern Mexico

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9219

Author(s):

Rosa María Cerón Bretón ◽

Julia Griselda Cerón Bretón ◽

Jonathan W. D. Kahl ◽

María de la Luz Espinosa Fuentes ◽

Evangelina Ramírez Lara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climatic Change ◽

Atmospheric Pollution ◽

The Elderly ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Change Scenario ◽

Short Term ◽

Pollutant Concentrations ◽

Time Series Approach ◽

Air Pollutant Concentrations ◽

Short Term Effects

Short-term effects of air pollution on the health of residents in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Mexico were assessed from 2012–2015 using a time-series approach. Guadalupe had the highest mean concentrations for SO2, CO and O3; whereas Santa Catarina showed the highest NO2 concentrations. Escobedo and Garcia registered the highest levels for PM10. Only PM10 and O3 exceeded the maximum permissible values established in the Mexican official standards. Most of pollutants and municipalities showed a great number of associations between an increase of 10% in their current concentrations and mortality, especially for people >60 years. Different scenarios resulting from climatic change were built (increases of 5–25% in daily mean temperature), but only the increase of 25% (5 °C) showed a significant association with air pollutant concentrations and mortality. All pollutants and municipalities showed significant increases in relative risk indexes (RRI) resulting from an increase of 5 °C when people >60 years was considered. Results were comparable to those reported by other authors around the world. The RRI were low but significant, and thus are of public concern. This study demonstrated that the elderly is strongly threatened not only by atmospheric pollution but also by climatic change scenarios in warm and semiarid places.

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