Short-Term Fatigue Management: A Cross- Study Analysis of the Effects of Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil in Sleep-Deprived Aviators

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Study Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fatigue Management

scholarly journals High-Frequency Estimates of the Natural Real Rate and Inflation Expectations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (034) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Alex Aronovich ◽  
◽  
Andrew Meldrum ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Bond Yields ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Real Rate ◽  
Nominal Interest Rates ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

We propose a new method of estimating the natural real rate and long-horizon inflation expectations, using nonlinear regressions of survey-based measures of short-term nominal interest rates and inflation expectations on U.S. Treasury yields. We find that the natural real rate was relatively stable during the 1990s and early 2000s, but declined steadily after the global financial crisis, before dropping more sharply to around 0 percent during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Long-horizon inflation expectations declined steadily during the 1990s and have since been relatively stable at close to 2 percent. According to our method, the declines in both the natural real rate and long-horizon inflation expectations are clearly statistically significant. Our estimates are available at whatever frequency we observe bond yields, making them ideal for intraday event-study analysis--for example, we show that the natural real rate and long-horizon inflation expectations are not affected by temporary shocks to the stance of monetary policy.

scholarly journals Verlaufsmodifizierende Immuntherapien bei MS-Fatigue

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
I.-K. Penner ◽  
H. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Glatiramer Acetate ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Schlüsselwörter Multiple Sklerose ◽  
Keywords Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Oral Drugs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Fatigue Management ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies

Zusammenfassung Obgleich sich die Zahl und die Wirkansätze der verfügbaren Immuntherapien zur Behandlung der MS in den letzten zehn Jahren deutlich vergrößert haben, ist die Datenlage zur Wirkung der verschiedenen Behandlungsformen auf Fatigue nach wie vor lückenhaft und kaum durch kontrollierte Daten belegt. Aus den in dieser Arbeit referierten Studien kann vorläufig geschlossen werden, dass von Glatirameracetat und Natalizumab am ehesten positive Auswirkungen auf das Fatigueempfinden von MS Patienten zu erwarten sind. Bei Interferonen bietet die Datenlage keine einheitliche Orientierung. Die klinische Erfahrung lehrt jedoch, dass man immer damit rechnen muss, dass eine Interferontherapie bei einzelnen Patienten zu einer Zunahme der Fatigue führt. Ein Absetzen von Interferon und ein Wechsel auf Glatirameracetat oder eines der Oralpräparate (horizontal switch) kann deshalb unter dem Aspekt der Fatigue bei Krankheitsstabilität durchaus sinnvoll sein. Die modernen Antikörpertherapien scheinen hinsichtlich einer Fatigueauslösung oder -verschlechterung eher unkritisch zu sein. Kurzfristige Schwankungen der Fatigue können aber vorkommen. Vielversprechend sehen derzeit die Daten zu Ponesimod aus, wobei es hier zu beachten gilt, dass das Messinstrument für Fatigue neu entwickelt wurde und es hierzu keinerlei Vergleichsdaten mit anderen Präparaten – abgesehen vom aktiven Komparator Teriflunomid aus der Zulassungsstudie – gibt. Hier besteht demnach wissenschaftlicher Handlungsbedarf, um zu sicherzustellen, dass es sich um eine »echte Überlegenheit« von Ponesimod in puncto Fatigue gegenüber anderen Therapien handelt. Schlüsselwörter: Multiple Sklerose, Fatigue, Therapie der Fatigue, Immuntherapien, milde bis moderate Verlaufsformen der MS, aktive bis hochaktive Verlaufsformen der MS Abstract Although the number and the mode of action of the immunotherapies available for the treatment of MS have increased significantly in the last ten years, evidence for the effect of the various forms of treatment on fatigue is still incomplete and hardly supported by controlled data. From the studies reported in this paper, it can be tentavely concluded that glatiramer acetate and natalizumab are most likely to have positive effects on the perception of fatigue in MS patients. In the case of interferons, published data do not offer a uniform orientation. However, clinical experience shows that it must always be expected that interferon therapy will lead to an increase in fatigue in individual patients. Discontinuing interferon and switching to glatiramer acetate or one of the oral drugs (horizontal switch) can therefore make sense in terms of fatigue and disease stability. Modern antibody therapies seem to be rather uncritical in terms of triggering or worsening fatigue. However, short-term fluctuations in fatigue can occur. The data on ponesimod currently look promising, although it should be noted that the measuring instrument for fatigue was newly developed and that there are no comparative data with other disease modifying therapies – apart from the active comparator teriflunomide from the registration study. There is therefore a need for scientific action here to ensure that ponesimod has a »real superiority« in terms of fatigue compared to other therapies. Keywords: multiple sclerosis, fatigue, management of fatigue, immunotherapies, mild to moderate MS, active to highly active MS

Trends in the mortality and short-term morbidity outcomes of ≤32 week gestation babies in the State of Qatar between 2002 and 2011: A PEARL study analysis

2012 ◽  
pp. BMO8
Author(s):  
Sajjad ur Rahman ◽  
Najeeb Hameed ◽  
Hussain Parappil ◽  
Nuha Nimeri ◽  
Sarrah El Tinay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Short Term

Risk aversion decomposition and the impact of monetary policy surprises on aggregate tail risk aversion

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denghui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Event Study ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Rare Events ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tail Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present theoretical and empirical support that the fear component associated with rare events has an impact on risk premium and market returns. Design/methodology/approach Extension of jump-diffusion model to extract the fear component from representative agent risk aversion, Standard VAR and impulse response function analysis, Event study analysis. Findings The model implicates that investor fear of tail jumps in the financial market impacts equity risk premium. The empirical findings show both positive stock and monetary policy shocks decrease investor’s fear. It can be attributed to that a bullish stock market and an increase in interest rate reflects expanding economy, and it leads to a decrease in fear. Moreover, a surprise decline in the expected short-term rate has a mixed impact on tail risk aversion. A plausible explanation is that investors believe a surprise drop in an expected short-term rate reflects a fast deteriorating economic outlook during unconventional monetary policy period. Originality/value This paper provides theoretical framework to decompose risk aversion into two separate components: one component associated with daily volatility, and the fear component associated with rare events. The study uses risk premiums decomposed from Chicago Board Options Exchange volatility index as proxies for the two components of risk aversion, and then utilizes standard value at risk and event study analysis to show the fear component plays a role in risk premium and market return.

scholarly journals Short-term Clinical Outcomes after Transscleral Fixation Using the Intrascleral Pocket Technique: A Retrospective Cohort Study Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yong-Wun Cho ◽  
Woong-Sun Yoo ◽  
Inyoung Chung ◽  
Seong-Wook Seo ◽  
Ji-Myong Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transscleral Fixation

scholarly journals Market Reactions To Callable And Noncallable Debt Issues

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Richard J. Kish ◽  
Miles Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Event Study ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Market Reactions ◽  
Bond Issues

Financial theory claims that issuing callable debt rather than noncallable debt offers substantial advantages to the issuing firms. Yet our evidence shows that a substantial amount of noncallable debt exists, suggesting a deficiency in the theory. Our event study analysis found that market reactions to callable bond issues were not significantly different from zero. Thus, the prevalent claim that callable debt offers an advantage over noncallable debt is not supported. The market was found to reach negatively the issuance of noncallable debt, short-term noncallable debit, short-term callable debt, and short-term debt. Therefore, short-term bonds appear to be a signal of negative private information and long-term debt issues appear to be a signal of positive information.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural Changes of Canine Kidneys During 24-Hour Perfusion on a LI-400 Preservation System

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
M. O. Magnusson ◽  
D. G. Osborne ◽  
T. Shimoji ◽  
W. S. Kiser ◽  
W. A. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Midline Incision ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Pulsatile Perfusion

Short term experimental and clinical preservation of kidneys is presently best accomplished by hypothermic continuous pulsatile perfusion with cryoprecipitated and millipore filtered plasma. This study was undertaken to observe ultrastructural changes occurring during 24-hour preservation using the above mentioned method.A kidney was removed through a midline incision from healthy mongrel dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. The kidneys were flushed immediately after removal with chilled electrolyte solution and placed on a LI-400 preservation system and perfused at 8-10°C. Serial kidney biopsies were obtained at 0-½-1-2-4-8-16 and 24 hours of preservation. All biopsies were prepared for electron microscopy. At the end of the preservation period the kidneys were autografted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document