Carbon nanotubes and central nervous system: Environmental risks, toxicological aspects and future perspectives

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) bear a lot of weight in public health. By studying the properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its fundamental interactions with the central nervous system (CNS), it is possible to improve the understanding of the pathological mechanisms behind these disorders and create new and better strategies to improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency, such as nanocarriers. Microfluidics is an intersectional field with many applications. Microfluidic systems can be an invaluable tool to accurately simulate the BBB microenvironment, as well as develop, in a reproducible manner, drug delivery systems with well-defined physicochemical characteristics. This review provides an overview of the most recent advances on microfluidic devices for CNS-targeted studies. Firstly, the importance of the BBB will be addressed, and different experimental BBB models will be briefly discussed. Subsequently, microfluidic-integrated BBB models (BBB/brain-on-a-chip) are introduced and the state of the art reviewed, with special emphasis on their use to study NDs. Additionally, the microfluidic preparation of nanocarriers and other compounds for CNS delivery has been covered. The last section focuses on current challenges and future perspectives of microfluidic experimentation.

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High Mobility Group Box-1 and Diabetes Mellitus Complications: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20246258 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (24) ◽

pp. 6258 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Biscetti ◽

Rando ◽

Nardella ◽

Cecchini ◽

Pecorini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Nuclear Protein ◽

State Of The Art ◽

High Mobility ◽

High Mobility Group ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Vascular Bed

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endemic disease, with growing health and social costs. The complications of diabetes can affect potentially all parts of the human body, from the heart to the kidneys, peripheral and central nervous system, and the vascular bed. Although many mechanisms have been studied, not all players responsible for these complications have been defined yet. High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein that has been implicated in many pathological processes, from sepsis to ischemia. The purpose of this review is to take stock of all the most recent data available on the role of HMGB1 in the complications of DM.

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Chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors in the developing central nervous system: Emerging themes and future perspectives

Developmental Neurobiology ◽

10.1002/dneu.22041 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 72 (10) ◽

pp. 1349-1362 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Yan Zhu ◽

Fujio Murakami

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Chemokine Cxcl12 ◽

Emerging Themes

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Role of the 5-HT7 Receptor in the Central Nervous System: from Current Status to Future Perspectives

Molecular Neurobiology ◽

10.1007/s12035-011-8175-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 228-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Anne Matthys ◽

Guy Haegeman ◽

Kathleen Van Craenenbroeck ◽

Peter Vanhoenacker

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Implications of PEGylation of Carbon Nanotubes for Central Nervous System Bioavailability

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871527316666170731111735 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Gisele Eva Bruch ◽

Marcos F. Cordeiro ◽

Livia S. Gomides ◽

Carolina Peixoto ◽

Arthur P. Cordeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System

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Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis—Overview of Disease State, Treatment Options and Future Perspectives

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13051078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1078

Author(s):

Chikashi Watase ◽

Sho Shiino ◽

Tatsunori Shimoi ◽

Emi Noguchi ◽

Tomoya Kaneda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Radiation Therapy ◽

Brain Metastasis ◽

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Blood Brain ◽

The Central Nervous System

Breast cancer is the second most common origin of brain metastasis after lung cancer. Brain metastasis in breast cancer is commonly found in patients with advanced course disease and has a poor prognosis because the blood–brain barrier is thought to be a major obstacle to the delivery of many drugs in the central nervous system. Therefore, local treatments including surgery, stereotactic radiation therapy, and whole-brain radiation therapy are currently considered the gold standard treatments. Meanwhile, new targeted therapies based on subtype have recently been developed. Some drugs can exceed the blood–brain barrier and enter the central nervous system. New technology for early detection and personalized medicine for metastasis are warranted. In this review, we summarize the historical overview of treatment with a focus on local treatment, the latest drug treatment strategies, and future perspectives using novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer patients with brain metastasis, including ongoing clinical trials.

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