scholarly journals Recent Developments in Microfluidic Technologies for Central Nervous System Targeted Studies

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Teixeira ◽  
Maria Helena Amaral ◽  
Paulo C. Costa ◽  
Carla M. Lopes ◽  
Dimitrios A. Lamprou
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Delivery ◽  
Reproducible Manner

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) bear a lot of weight in public health. By studying the properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its fundamental interactions with the central nervous system (CNS), it is possible to improve the understanding of the pathological mechanisms behind these disorders and create new and better strategies to improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency, such as nanocarriers. Microfluidics is an intersectional field with many applications. Microfluidic systems can be an invaluable tool to accurately simulate the BBB microenvironment, as well as develop, in a reproducible manner, drug delivery systems with well-defined physicochemical characteristics. This review provides an overview of the most recent advances on microfluidic devices for CNS-targeted studies. Firstly, the importance of the BBB will be addressed, and different experimental BBB models will be briefly discussed. Subsequently, microfluidic-integrated BBB models (BBB/brain-on-a-chip) are introduced and the state of the art reviewed, with special emphasis on their use to study NDs. Additionally, the microfluidic preparation of nanocarriers and other compounds for CNS delivery has been covered. The last section focuses on current challenges and future perspectives of microfluidic experimentation.

scholarly journals Establishment of an Olfactory Region-specific Intranasal Delivery Technique in Mice to Target the Central Nervous System

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Flamm ◽  
Sunniva Hartung ◽  
Stella Gänger ◽  
Frank Maigler ◽  
Claudia Pitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Intranasal Delivery ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Delivery Technique ◽  
Neuronal Connections ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Delivery

We have recently developed a region-specific catheter-based intranasal application method in mice by using CT scan-based 3D cast models of the murine nose (DOI: 10.2376/0005-9366-17,102). This technique is able to specifically deliver drugs to the olfactory region or to the respiratory region only. Thereby, intranasally administered drugs could be delivered either via neuronal connections to the central nervous system or via the well-perfused rostral parts of the nasal mucosa to the systemic circulation. In the present study, we transferred successfully this novel delivery technique to C57Bl/6 mice and determined parameters such as insertions depth of the catheter and maximum delivery volume in dependence to the weight of the mouse. Breathing was simulated to verify that the volume remains at the targeted area. A step-by-step procedure including a video is presented to adopt this technique for standardized and reproducible intranasal central nervous system (CNS) delivery studies (DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111904).

scholarly journals High Mobility Group Box-1 and Diabetes Mellitus Complications: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biscetti ◽  
Rando ◽  
Nardella ◽  
Cecchini ◽  
Pecorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Vascular Bed

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endemic disease, with growing health and social costs. The complications of diabetes can affect potentially all parts of the human body, from the heart to the kidneys, peripheral and central nervous system, and the vascular bed. Although many mechanisms have been studied, not all players responsible for these complications have been defined yet. High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein that has been implicated in many pathological processes, from sepsis to ischemia. The purpose of this review is to take stock of all the most recent data available on the role of HMGB1 in the complications of DM.

Fetal MRI of the central nervous system: State-of-the-art

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Manganaro ◽  
Silvia Bernardo ◽  
Amanda Antonelli ◽  
Valeria Vinci ◽  
Matteo Saldari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
System State ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Role of the 5-HT7 Receptor in the Central Nervous System: from Current Status to Future Perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Matthys ◽  
Guy Haegeman ◽  
Kathleen Van Craenenbroeck ◽  
Peter Vanhoenacker
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals The orexins/hypocretins: hypothalamic peptides linked to sleep and appetite

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAHRAD TAHERI ◽  
SEPEHR HAFIZI
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The orexins/hypocretins are novel neuropeptides synthesized by neurons whose cell bodies are located in the lateral hypothalamus. Although these neurons are few in number, they send projections widely throughout the central nervous system (Kilduff & Peyron, 2000). There has been great excitement about the orexins/hypocretins from both the scientific and medical community. These peptides are remarkable in that they were discovered using state-of-the-art molecular techniques before their physiological actions were studied. Furthermore, there has been an exponential progress in our scientific knowledge of these peptides culminating in the orexins/hypocretins being linked to the sleep disorder, narcolepsy. With the importance of the orexins/hypocretins in sleep and arousal being increasingly recognized, it is likely that these peptides are altered by or contribute to several medical and psychiatric disorders.

Kynurenines in the Central Nervous System: Recent Developments

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajnalka Nemeth ◽  
Hermina Robotka ◽  
Jozsef Toldi ◽  
Laszlo Vecsei
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis—Overview of Disease State, Treatment Options and Future Perspectives

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Chikashi Watase ◽  
Sho Shiino ◽  
Tatsunori Shimoi ◽  
Emi Noguchi ◽  
Tomoya Kaneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Breast cancer is the second most common origin of brain metastasis after lung cancer. Brain metastasis in breast cancer is commonly found in patients with advanced course disease and has a poor prognosis because the blood–brain barrier is thought to be a major obstacle to the delivery of many drugs in the central nervous system. Therefore, local treatments including surgery, stereotactic radiation therapy, and whole-brain radiation therapy are currently considered the gold standard treatments. Meanwhile, new targeted therapies based on subtype have recently been developed. Some drugs can exceed the blood–brain barrier and enter the central nervous system. New technology for early detection and personalized medicine for metastasis are warranted. In this review, we summarize the historical overview of treatment with a focus on local treatment, the latest drug treatment strategies, and future perspectives using novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer patients with brain metastasis, including ongoing clinical trials.

scholarly journals Vestibular neuromodulation in neurology and psychiatry

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Naryshkin ◽  
I. V. Galanin ◽  
V. L. Kozlovskii ◽  
V. Yu. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
Neural Connections ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Chemical Stimuli

Te paper overviews the state of the art in one of the most rapidly developing areas of treatment of various drug-resistant diseases of the central nervous system. Different methods of vestibular neuromodulation and their comparative efcacy in the treatment of mental and neurological disorders are described. All those methods are based on neuroplasticity activation by means of application of physical, electrical or chemical stimuli on the peripheral part of the vestibular system, which leads to the restructuring of neural connections in the brainstem and in the midbrain.

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