Self-rated general health and psychiatric disorders in a general population sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich John ◽  
Christian Meyer ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Rumpf ◽  
Anja Schumann ◽  
Horst Dilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Health ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between nicotine and alcohol dependence, depressive, anxiety and somatoform disorders with self-rated general health (GH). A cohort study of a random sample of the non-institutionalised general population aged 18–64 with a participation rate of 70.2% was carried out in a German area (n = 4075 at baseline). A follow-up of tobacco smokers or heavy drinkers (n = 1083, 79.4% of those who had given consent to be followed-up) was conducted 30 months after baseline measurement. The assessments included self-ratings of GH and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) diagnoses based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The results show that nicotine dependence, anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders moderately predicted self-rated GH at follow-up (general linear model, R2 = 0.12). We conclude that psychiatric disorders may contribute to the prediction of a low self-rated GH.

Dimensions of depression, mania and psychosis in the general population

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1177-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KRABBENDAM ◽  
I. MYIN-GERMEYS ◽  
R. DE GRAAF ◽  
W. VOLLEBERGH ◽  
W. A. NOLEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Background. In order to investigate whether correlated but separable symptom dimensions that have been identified in clinical samples also have a distribution in the general population, the underlying structure of symptoms of depression, mania and psychosis was studied in a general population sample of 7072 individuals.Method. Data were obtained from the three measurements of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Symptoms of depression, mania and the positive symptoms of psychosis were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Confirmatory factor-analysis was used to test statistically the fit of hypothesized models of one, two, three or seven dimensions.Results. The seven-dimensional model comprising core depression, sleep problems, suicidal thoughts, mania, paranoid delusions, first-rank delusions and hallucinations fitted the data best, whereas the unidimensional model obtained the poorest fit. This pattern of results could be replicated at both follow-up measurements. The results were similar for the subsamples with and without a lifetime DSM-III-R diagnosis. The seven dimensions were moderately to strongly correlated, with correlations ranging from 0·18 to 0·73 (mean 0·45).Conclusions. In the general population, seven correlated but separable dimensions of experiences exist that resemble dimensions of psychopathology seen in clinical samples with severe mental illness. The substantial correlations between these dimensions in clinical and non-clinical samples may suggest that there is aetiological overlap between the different dimensions regardless of level of severity and diagnosable disorder.

Diagnostic outcome of self-reported hallucinations in a community sample of adolescents

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DHOSSCHE ◽  
R. FERDINAND ◽  
J. VAN DER ENDE ◽  
M. B. HOFSTRA ◽  
F. VERHULST
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diagnostic Outcome

Objective. We aimed to assess the diagnostic outcome of self-reported hallucinations in adolescents from the general population.Method. The sample consisted of 914 adolescents between ages 11–18 participating in an ongoing longitudinal study. The participation rate from the original sample was 70%. Responses on the Youth Self-Report questionnaire were used to ascertain hallucinations in adolescents. Eight years later, Axis 1 DSM-IV diagnoses were assessed using the 12-month version Composite International Diagnostic Interview in 783 (86%) of 914 study subjects. No subjects were diagnosed with schizophreniform disorders or schizophrenia.Results. Hallucinations were reported by 6% of adolescents and 3% of young adults. Self-reported hallucinations were associated with concurrent non-psychotic psychiatric problems in both age groups. Adolescents who reported auditory, but not visual, hallucinations, had higher rates of depressive disorders and substance use disorders, but not psychotic disorders, at follow-up, compared to controls.Conclusions. Self-reported auditory hallucinations in adolescents are markers of concurrent and future psychiatric impairment due to non-psychotic Axis 1 disorders and possibly Axis 2 disorders. It cannot be excluded that there was selective attrition of children and adolescents who developed Schizophrenic or other psychotic disorders later in life.

scholarly journals Prevalence, 20-month incidence and outcome of unipolar depressive disorders in a community sample of adolescents

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. OLDEHINKEL ◽  
H.-U. WITTCHEN ◽  
P. SCHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background. This article presents prospective longitudinal findings on prevalence, incidence, patterns of change and stability of depressive disorders in a community sample of 1228 adolescents.Methods. Data were collected at baseline and follow-up (20 months later) in a representative population sample of 1228 adolescents, aged 14–17 at baseline. Diagnostic assessment was based on the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).Results. The overall cumulative lifetime incidence of any depressive condition was 20·0% (major depressive disorder (MDD), 12·2%; dysthymia, 3·5%; subthreshold MDD, 6·3%), of which about one-third were incident depressions in the period between baseline and follow-up. Depressive disorders rarely started before the age of 13. Females were about twice as likely as males to develop a depressive disorder. Overall, the 20-month outcome of baseline depression was unfavourable. Dysthymia had the poorest outcome of all, with a complete remission rate of only 33% versus 43% for MDD and 54% for subthreshold MDD. Dysthymia also had the highest number of depressive episodes, and most psychosocial impairment and suicidal behavioural during follow-up. Treatment rates were low (8–23%). Subthreshold MDD associated with considerable impairment had an almost identical course and outcome as threshold MDD.Conclusions. DSM-IV MDD and dysthymia are rare before the age of 13, but frequent during adolescence, with an estimated lifetime cumulative incidence of 14%. Only a minority of these disorders in adolescence is treated, and more than half of them persist or remit only partly.

Predictors of Outcome for Orofacial Pain in the General Population: a Four-year Follow-up Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 712-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.V. Macfarlane ◽  
A.S. Blinkhorn ◽  
R.M. Davies ◽  
J. Kincey ◽  
H.V. Worthington
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Population Based Survey

Orofacial pain is often persistent, but it is not clear why it lasts in some patients but not in others. We aimed to describe the natural course of orofacial pain in a general population sample over a four-year period and to identify factors that would predict the persistence of pain. A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in the United Kingdom, involving 2504 participants (participation rate 74%), of whom 646 (26%) reported orofacial pain. Overall, 424 (79% adjusted participation rate) of these individuals participated at the four-year follow-up, of whom 229 (54%) reported orofacial pain and 195 (46%) did not report such pain. Persistent orofacial pain was associated with females, older age, psychological distress, widespread body pain, and taking medication for orofacial pain at baseline. These findings may have implications for the identification and treatment of patients with orofacial pain.

Depression Comorbid with Anxiety: Results from the WHO Study on Psychological Disorders in Primary Health Care

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (S30) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nornam Sartorius ◽  
T. Bedirhan Üstün ◽  
Yves Lecrubier ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
General Health ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization collaborative study on “Psychological Problems in General Health Care” investigated the form, frequency, course and outcome of common psychological problems in primary care settings at 15 international sites. The research employed a two-stage case-finding procedure. GHQ–12 was administered to 25 916 adults who consulted health-care services. The second-stage assessment (n=5438) consisted of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (GDI), the Social Disability Schedule, and questionnaires. Possible cases or borderline cases of mental disorder, and a sample of known cases, were followed up at three months and one year. Using standard diagnostic algorithms (ICD–10), prevalence rates were calculated for current disorder (one-month) and lifetime experience disorder. Well-defined psychological problems are frequent in all the general health-care settings examined (median 24.0%). Among the most common were depression, anxiety, alcohol misuse, somatoform disorders, and neurasthenia. Nine per cent of patients suffered from a “subthreshold condition” that did not meet diagnostic criteria but had clinically significant symptoms and functional impairment. The most common co-occurrence was depression and anxiety. Comorbidity increases the likelihood of recognition of mental disorders in general health care, and the likelihood of receiving treatment.

scholarly journals Treatment Seeking for Alcohol Use Disorders: Treatment Gap or Adequate Self-Selection?

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlous Tuithof ◽  
Margreet ten Have ◽  
Wim van den Brink ◽  
Wilma Vollebergh ◽  
Ron de Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Treatment Gap ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
The People

Background/Aims: This study examines whether it is harmful that subjects with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the general population rarely seek treatment. Methods: Baseline and 3-year follow-up data from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 were used. Treatment utilization covered a 4-year period. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 assessed AUD and other psychiatric disorders. Results: Of 154 subjects with baseline 12-month DSM-5 AUD, 35.4% used only general treatment (GenTx) for mental problems or alcohol/drugs problems; 10.3% used specialized AUD treatment (AUDTx); and 54.3% used no treatment at all. Of these 3 groups, AUDTx users had the highest severity on AUD characteristics, comorbid psychopathology and mental functioning. Compared to non-treatment (NonTx), GenTx users more often had 12-month emotional disorders at follow-up, but AUD remission rates and functioning were similar. NonTx users functioned similarly at follow-up as people in the general population without lifetime AUD or other psychopathology. Conclusion: Adequate treatment seeking often occurs in the general population: the most severe AUD subjects use AUDTx, and most NonTx users have a mild AUD and a favorable course. Current findings suggest a smaller treatment gap than previously reported, but still one-quarter of the people with AUD do not seek AUDTx but could benefit from this, as they have a persistent AUD.

Clinical significance of psychotic experiences in the context of sleep disturbance or substance use

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1761-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. DeVylder ◽  
I. Kelleher
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Co Morbidity

BackgroundPsychotic experiences (PE) are commonly reported in the general population, where they are associated with elevated clinical need and functional impairment. Research studies typically exclude PE that occur in the context of sleep or substance use (PE-SS), based on the assumption that they are normative within these contexts. This is the first study to formally test clinical and functional outcomes associated with PE that occur in the context of sleep or substance use.MethodData from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (n = 11 776) were used to assess the associations between both PE and PE-SS and a broad range of outcomes, including psychiatric co-morbidity, suicidal behavior, mental health treatment utilization and World Health Organization (WHO) domains of function, using logistic regression analyses. Lifetime PE and PE-SS were mutually exclusive categories, assessed using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview psychosis screen.ResultsPE were associated with all 10 clinical and functional outcomes. Similarly, respondents reporting PE-SS had greater clinical need and impaired function relative to controls, which was significant for seven of the 10 outcome variables. When directly compared, the PE and PE-SS groups differed only in their associations with role function (greater impairment for PE) and self-care (greater impairment for PE-SS).ConclusionsPE-SS were associated with a broad range of clinical and functional outcomes in this large general population sample. These associations were similar to those found for PE. Future studies should investigate relative differences between sleep- and substance-induced PE.

scholarly journals Incremental changes in QRS duration as predictor for cardiovascular disease: a 21-year follow-up of a randomly selected general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Chen ◽  
Per-Olof Hansson ◽  
Erik Thunström ◽  
Zacharias Mandalenakis ◽  
Kenneth Caidahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe QRS complex has been shown to be a prognostic marker in coronary artery disease. However, the changes in QRS duration over time, and its predictive value for cardiovascular disease in the general population is poorly studied. So we aimed to explore if increased QRS duration from the age of 50–60 is associated with increased risk of major cardiovascular events during a further follow-up to age 71. A random population sample of 798 men born in 1943 were examined in 1993 at 50 years of age, and re-examined in 2003 at age 60 and 2014 at age 71. Participants who developed cardiovascular disease before the re-examination in 2003 (n = 86) or missing value of QRS duration in 2003 (n = 127) were excluded. ΔQRS was defined as increase in QRS duration from age 50 to 60. Participants were divided into three groups: group 1: ΔQRS < 4 ms, group 2: 4 ms ≤ ΔQRS < 8 ms, group 3: ΔQRS ≥ 8 ms. Endpoints were major cardiovascular events. And we found compared with men in group 1 (ΔQRS < 4 ms), men with ΔQRS ≥ 8 ms had a 56% increased risk of MACE during follow-up to 71 years of age after adjusted for BMI, systolic blood pressure, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and heart rate in a multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR 1.56, 95% CI:1.07–2.27, P = 0.022). In conclusion, in this longitudinal follow-up over a decade QRS duration increased in almost two out of three men between age 50 and 60 and the increased QRS duration in middle age is an independent predictor of major cardiovascular events.

Social support and delusional-like experiences: a nationwide population-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saha ◽  
J. Scott ◽  
D. Varghese ◽  
J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
General Population ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Background.Population-based studies have identified that delusional-like experiences (DLEs) are common in the general population. While there is a large literature exploring the relationship between poor social support and risk of mental illness, there is a lack of empirical data examining the association of poor social support and DLEs. The aim of the study was to explore the association between social support and DLEs using a large, nationally representative community sample.Methods.Subjects were drawn from a national multistage probability survey of 8841 adults aged between 16 and 85 years. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to identify DLEs, common psychiatric disorders and physical disorders. Eight questions assessed various aspects of social support with spouse/partners and other family and friends. We examined the relationship between DLEs and social support using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results.Of the sample, 8.4% (n = 776) positively endorsed one or more DLEs. Individuals who (a) had the least contact with friends, or (b) could not rely on or confide in spouse/partner, family or friends were significantly more likely to endorse DLEs. The associations remained significant after adjusting for a range of potential confounding factors.Conclusions.DLEs are associated with impoverished social support in the general population. While we cannot exclude the possibility that the presence of isolated DLEs results in a reduction of social support, we speculate that poor social support may contribute in a causal fashion to the risk of DLEs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document