Diagnostic outcome of self-reported hallucinations in a community sample of adolescents

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DHOSSCHE ◽  
R. FERDINAND ◽  
J. VAN DER ENDE ◽  
M. B. HOFSTRA ◽  
F. VERHULST
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diagnostic Outcome

Objective. We aimed to assess the diagnostic outcome of self-reported hallucinations in adolescents from the general population.Method. The sample consisted of 914 adolescents between ages 11–18 participating in an ongoing longitudinal study. The participation rate from the original sample was 70%. Responses on the Youth Self-Report questionnaire were used to ascertain hallucinations in adolescents. Eight years later, Axis 1 DSM-IV diagnoses were assessed using the 12-month version Composite International Diagnostic Interview in 783 (86%) of 914 study subjects. No subjects were diagnosed with schizophreniform disorders or schizophrenia.Results. Hallucinations were reported by 6% of adolescents and 3% of young adults. Self-reported hallucinations were associated with concurrent non-psychotic psychiatric problems in both age groups. Adolescents who reported auditory, but not visual, hallucinations, had higher rates of depressive disorders and substance use disorders, but not psychotic disorders, at follow-up, compared to controls.Conclusions. Self-reported auditory hallucinations in adolescents are markers of concurrent and future psychiatric impairment due to non-psychotic Axis 1 disorders and possibly Axis 2 disorders. It cannot be excluded that there was selective attrition of children and adolescents who developed Schizophrenic or other psychotic disorders later in life.

scholarly journals Prevalence, 20-month incidence and outcome of unipolar depressive disorders in a community sample of adolescents

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. OLDEHINKEL ◽  
H.-U. WITTCHEN ◽  
P. SCHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background. This article presents prospective longitudinal findings on prevalence, incidence, patterns of change and stability of depressive disorders in a community sample of 1228 adolescents.Methods. Data were collected at baseline and follow-up (20 months later) in a representative population sample of 1228 adolescents, aged 14–17 at baseline. Diagnostic assessment was based on the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).Results. The overall cumulative lifetime incidence of any depressive condition was 20·0% (major depressive disorder (MDD), 12·2%; dysthymia, 3·5%; subthreshold MDD, 6·3%), of which about one-third were incident depressions in the period between baseline and follow-up. Depressive disorders rarely started before the age of 13. Females were about twice as likely as males to develop a depressive disorder. Overall, the 20-month outcome of baseline depression was unfavourable. Dysthymia had the poorest outcome of all, with a complete remission rate of only 33% versus 43% for MDD and 54% for subthreshold MDD. Dysthymia also had the highest number of depressive episodes, and most psychosocial impairment and suicidal behavioural during follow-up. Treatment rates were low (8–23%). Subthreshold MDD associated with considerable impairment had an almost identical course and outcome as threshold MDD.Conclusions. DSM-IV MDD and dysthymia are rare before the age of 13, but frequent during adolescence, with an estimated lifetime cumulative incidence of 14%. Only a minority of these disorders in adolescence is treated, and more than half of them persist or remit only partly.

Self-rated general health and psychiatric disorders in a general population sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich John ◽  
Christian Meyer ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Rumpf ◽  
Anja Schumann ◽  
Horst Dilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Health ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between nicotine and alcohol dependence, depressive, anxiety and somatoform disorders with self-rated general health (GH). A cohort study of a random sample of the non-institutionalised general population aged 18–64 with a participation rate of 70.2% was carried out in a German area (n = 4075 at baseline). A follow-up of tobacco smokers or heavy drinkers (n = 1083, 79.4% of those who had given consent to be followed-up) was conducted 30 months after baseline measurement. The assessments included self-ratings of GH and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) diagnoses based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The results show that nicotine dependence, anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders moderately predicted self-rated GH at follow-up (general linear model, R2 = 0.12). We conclude that psychiatric disorders may contribute to the prediction of a low self-rated GH.

scholarly journals Psychiatric history and subthreshold symptoms as predictors of the occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorder within 2 years

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Karsten ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman ◽  
Johannes H. Smit ◽  
Frans G. Zitman ◽  
Aartjan T. F. Beekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundPast episodes of depressive or anxiety disorders and subthreshold symptoms have both been reported to predict the occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorders. It is unclear to what extent the two factors interact or predict these disorders independently.AimsTo examine the extent to which history, subthreshold symptoms and their combination predict the occurrence of depressive (major depressive disorder, dysthymia) or anxiety disorders (social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalised anxiety disorder) over a 2-year period.MethodThis was a prospective cohort study with 1167 participants: the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Anxiety and depressive disorders were determined with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, subthreshold symptoms were determined with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self Report and the Beck Anxiety Inventory.ResultsOccurrence of depressive disorder was best predicted by a combination of a history of depression and subthreshold symptoms, followed by either one alone. Occurrence of anxiety disorder was best predicted by both a combination of a history of anxiety disorder and subthreshold symptoms and a combination of a history of depression and subthreshold symptoms, followed by any subthreshold symptoms or a history of any disorder alone.ConclusionsA history and subthreshold symptoms independently predicted the subsequent occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorder. Together these two characteristics provide reasonable discriminative value. Whereas anxiety predicted the occurrence of an anxiety disorder only, depression predicted the occurrence of both depressive and anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Recurrent brief depressive disorder reinvestigated: a community sample of adolescents and young adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. PEZAWAS ◽  
H.-U. WITTCHEN ◽  
H. PFISTER ◽  
J. ANGST ◽  
R. LIEB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Course Stability ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background. This article presents prospective lower bound estimations of findings on prevalence, incidence, clinical correlates, severity markers, co-morbidity and course stability of threshold and subthreshold recurrent brief depressive disorder (RBD) and other mood disorders in a community sample of 3021 adolescents.Method. Data were collected at baseline (age 14–17) and at two follow-up interviews within an observation period of 42 months. Diagnostic assessment was based on the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).Results. Our data suggest that RBD is a prevalent (2·6%) clinical condition among depressive disorders (21·3%) being at least as prevalent as dysthymia (2·3%) in young adults over lifetime. Furthermore, RBD is associated with significant clinical impairment sharing many features with major depressive disorder (MDD). Suicide attempts were reported in 7·8% of RBD patients, which was similar to MDD (11·9%). However, other features, like gender distribution or co-morbidity patterns, differ essentially from MDD. Furthermore, the lifetime co-occurrence of MDD and RBD or combined depression represents a severe psychiatric condition.Conclusions. This study provides further independent support for RBD as a clinically significant syndrome that could not be significantly explained as a prodrome or residual of major affective disorders.

scholarly journals Adolescents' self-reported problems as predictors of psychopathology in adulthood: 10-year follow-up study

2001 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijke B. Hofstra ◽  
Jan Van Der Ende ◽  
Frank C. Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Total Problem ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Age Range

BackgroundKnowledge of the course of psychopathology from adolescence into adulthood is needed to answer questions concerning origins and prognosis of psychopathology across a wide age range.AimsTo investigate the 10-year course and predictive value of self-reported problems in adolescence in relation to psychopathology in adulthood.MethodSubjects from the general population, aged 11–19 years, were assessed with the Youth Self-Report (YSR) at initial assessment, and with the Young Adult Self-Report (YASR), the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and three sections of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) 10 years later.ResultsOf the subjects with deviant YSR total problem scores, 23% (males) and 22% (females) had deviant YASR total problem scores at follow-up. Subjects with initial deviant YSR total problem, internalising and externalising scores had higher prevalences of DSM–IV diagnoses at follow-up.ConclusionsAdolescent problems tended to persist into adulthood to a moderate degree. High rates of problems during adolescence are risk factors for psychiatric disorders in adulthood.

Profiles of Psychosocial and Clinical Functioning in Adolescence and Risk for Later Depression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M Olino ◽  
Daniel Klein ◽  
John Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Background: Most studies examining predictors of onset of depression focus on variable centered regression methods that focus on effects of multiple predictors. In contrast, person-centered approaches develop profiles of factors and these profiles can be examined as predictors of onset. Here, we developed profiles of adolescent psychosocial and clinical functioning among adolescents without a history of major depression. Methods: Data come from a subsample of participants from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project who completed self-report measures of functioning in adolescence and completed diagnostic and self-report measures at follow-up assessments up to approximately 15 years after baseline. Results: We identified four profiles of psychosocial and clinical functioning: Thriving; Average Functioning; Externalizing Vulnerability and Family Stress; and Internalizing Vulnerability at the baseline assessment of participants without a history of depression at the initial assessment in mid- adolescence. Classes differed in the likelihood of onset and course of depressive disorders, experience of later anxiety and substance use disorders, and psychosocial functioning in adulthood. Moreover, the predictive utility of these classes was maintained when controlling for multiple other established risk factors for depressive disorders. Conclusions: This work highlights the utility of examining multiple factors simultaneously to understand risk for depression.

Social support and delusional-like experiences: a nationwide population-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saha ◽  
J. Scott ◽  
D. Varghese ◽  
J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
General Population ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Background.Population-based studies have identified that delusional-like experiences (DLEs) are common in the general population. While there is a large literature exploring the relationship between poor social support and risk of mental illness, there is a lack of empirical data examining the association of poor social support and DLEs. The aim of the study was to explore the association between social support and DLEs using a large, nationally representative community sample.Methods.Subjects were drawn from a national multistage probability survey of 8841 adults aged between 16 and 85 years. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to identify DLEs, common psychiatric disorders and physical disorders. Eight questions assessed various aspects of social support with spouse/partners and other family and friends. We examined the relationship between DLEs and social support using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results.Of the sample, 8.4% (n = 776) positively endorsed one or more DLEs. Individuals who (a) had the least contact with friends, or (b) could not rely on or confide in spouse/partner, family or friends were significantly more likely to endorse DLEs. The associations remained significant after adjusting for a range of potential confounding factors.Conclusions.DLEs are associated with impoverished social support in the general population. While we cannot exclude the possibility that the presence of isolated DLEs results in a reduction of social support, we speculate that poor social support may contribute in a causal fashion to the risk of DLEs.

scholarly journals Serotonin-Related Gene Variants in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Depressive or Anxiety Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Grzesiak ◽  
Jan Aleksander Beszłej ◽  
Ewa Waszczuk ◽  
Marcin Szechiński ◽  
Monika Szewczuk-Bogusławska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Rome Iii ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Aim. To assess the association of six polymorphisms in serotonin-related genes with depressive or anxiety disorders in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Methods. The lifetime prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders was assessed in 95 IBS patients (85% women) using the Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). IBS was diagnosed according to the Rome III criteria.SCL6A4HTTLPR polymorphism (rs4795541) was determined using PCR-based method. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms inHTR1A(rs6295),HTR2A(rs6313 and rs6311),HTR2C(rs6318), andTPH1(rs1800532) were detected by minisequencing method.Results. IBS patients with depressive disorders were characterized by higher frequency of 5-HTTLPR L allele in comparison to IBS patients with anxiety disorders. The lower frequency of 1438 A allele inHTR2Awas found in IBS patients with depressive disorders in comparison to IBS patients without mental disorders. The lower G allele frequency inHTR2Crs6318 polymorphism among IBS patients with anxiety disorders was also observed.Conclusions. Our results provide further evidence for the involvement ofSLC6A4rs4795541 andHTR2Ars6311 polymorphisms in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders in IBS patients. The new findings indicate thatHTR2Crs6318 polymorphism may be associated with the susceptibility to anxiety disorders in IBS patients.

scholarly journals Cortical Thickness Links Impulsive Personality Traits and Risky Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickie Miglin ◽  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Shelly Goodling ◽  
Ana Sheehan ◽  
Jeffrey M. Spielberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
The Right

Impulsive personality traits are often predictive of risky behavior, but not much is known about the neurobiological basis of this relationship. We investigated whether thickness of the cortical mantle varied as a function of impulsive traits and whether such variation also explained recent risky behavior. A community sample of 107 adults (ages 18–55; 54.2% men) completed self-report measures of impulsive traits and risky behavior followed by a neuroimaging protocol. Using the three-factor model of impulsive traits derived from the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, analysis of the entire cortical mantle identified three thickness clusters that related to impulsive traits. Sensation seeking was negatively related to thickness in the right pericalcarine cortex, whereas impulsive urgency was positively associated with thickness in the left superior parietal and right paracentral lobule. Notably, follow-up analyses showed that thickness in the right pericalcarine cortex also related to recent risky behavior, with the identified cluster mediating the association between sensation seeking and risky behavior. Findings suggest that reduced thickness in the pericalcarine region partially explains the link between sensation seeking and the tendency to engage in risky behavior, providing new insight into the neurobiological basis of these relationships.

The Prevalence of Mental Disorders among Clergy in São Paulo, Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Lotufo-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
The Church ◽  
Life Inventory ◽  
Psychiatric Screening

To investigate their mental disorders prevalence, the Self-Report Psychiatric Screening Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the Religious Life Inventory were mailed to 750 religious ministers. From the 207 who answered, 40 were randomly chosen and invited to a diagnostic interview using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and an open interview using the Severity of Psychosocial Stressors Scale (DSM-III-R Axis IV). During the month before the interview, mental disorders prevalence was 12.5%, and 47% received a psychiatric diagnosis when the lifetime period was considered. Their main diagnoses were Depressive Disorders (16.4%), Sleep Disorders (12.9%) and Anxiety Disorders (9.4%). Intrinsic religious orientation was associated with positive mental health, and quest orientation scores were significantly higher in the group with a larger probability of mental disorder symptoms and diagnoses. Financial problems, problems with church members and with other pastors, leadership conflicts, marital difficulties, doctrinal problems in the church, and overwork were the main identified stressors.

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