Pick a Card, Any Card: The Relationship Between Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Decision-Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Leonello ◽  
Mairwen K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Anxious Arousal ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anxiety Condition

Specific deficits in decision-making have been demonstrated in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The experience of anxious arousal in obsessive-compulsive (OC) patients has been posited to be responsible for disrupting the cognitive processes that lead to efficacious decision-making (Sachdev & Malhi, 2005). In spite of this, research has neglected to examine explicitly the effect of anxiety on the relationship between decision-making and OCD. The current study investigates whether decision-making differences on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) occur as a function of OC symptomatology in a non-clinical sample (n = 110). Participants were randomly allocated to either an anxiety condition (n = 58) or control condition (n = 52). Anxious arousal was induced in the anxiety condition via an experimental manipulation prior to commencing the IGT. Participants in the anxiety condition performed significantly worse than those in the control group on the IGT. However, OC symptomatology did not significantly predict IGT performance. The experience of anxiety did not significantly moderate the relationship between OC symptomatology and IGT performance. These findings indicate that decision-making differences do not occur as a function of OC symptomatology in a non-clinical sample; however, they do suggest that the experience of anxiety significantly impairs decision-making performance. The theoretical and practical applications of the findings are discussed.

The relationship between decision-making and perfectionism in obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Boisseau ◽  
Heather Thompson-Brenner ◽  
Elizabeth M. Pratt ◽  
Todd J. Farchione ◽  
David H. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

Executive dysfunctions in Anorexia Nervosa patients, obsessive-compulsive patients and their unaffected relatives: searching for a new intermediate phenotype

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
E. Galimberti ◽  
V. Sani ◽  
V. Scavelli ◽  
E. Fadda ◽  
F. Fanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Intermediate Phenotype ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Planning Ability

IntroductionSome authors suggested that Anorexia Nervosa (AN) could be part of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum. Evidences suggested that Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) could be characterized by an impaired neuropsychological profile, referring particularly to cognitive flexibility, decision making and planning. It's possible that these deficits could represent possible endophenotypes that characterizes OCD spectrum.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was compared, cognitive flexibility, decision making and planning in 38 patients with OCD, in 21 patients with AN and in their first degree unaffected relatives (OCD relatives: 46; AN relatives: 21). Results have been also compared to a sample of 41 healthy controls (HC) and their unaffected first degree relatives (43).MethodAll participants have been assessed by a neuropsychological battery composed by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), the Wisconsin Sorting Card Test (WISC) and the Hanoi Tower (TH).ResultsResults showed an impaired cognitive flexibility only in OCD patients and their relatives. Patients with AN and their relatives didn’t seem to be characterized by a deficit in this area. Results obtained from the TH scores showed an impaired planning ability both in OCD and AN patients. The same deficit has been also observed in OCD relatives. Impaired decision making seemed to characterize both AN and OCD patients, compared HC. Moreover, OCD and AN relatives showed a deficit performance, suggesting an impairment in this function.ConclusionResults regarding planning and decision making seem to be in line with the hypothesis that this two domains could represent possible endophenotypes of obsessive compulsive spectrum.

scholarly journals Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Decision Making under Ambiguity: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Veronica Nisticò ◽  
Andrea De Angelis ◽  
Roberto Erro ◽  
Benedetta Demartini ◽  
Lucia Ricciardi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

In the last decade, decision-making has been proposed to have a central role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) aetiology, since patients show pathological doubt and an apparent inability to make decisions. Here, we aimed to comprehensively review decision making under ambiguity, as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), in OCD, using a meta-analytic approach. According to PRISMA Guidelines, we selected 26 studies for a systematic review and, amongst them, 16 studies were included in a meta-analysis, comprising a total of 846 OCD patients and 763 healthy controls (HC). Our results show that OCD patients perform significantly lower than HC at the IGT, pointing towards the direction of a decision making impairment. In particular, this deficit seems to emerge mainly in the last three blocks of the IGT. IGT scores in OCD patients under the age of 18 were still significantly lower than in HC. Finally, no difference emerged between medicated and unmedicated patients, since they both scored significantly lower at the IGT compared to HC. In conclusion, our results are in line with the hypothesis according to which decision making impairment might represent a potential endophenotype lying between the clinical manifestation of OCD and its neurobiological aetiology.

Executive Functioning Impairments in Adolescents with Early Diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S217-S218
Author(s):  
N. Nazarboland
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Competing Interest

Despite the neuropsychology literature provide reliable evidence of impaired executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), it has not been determined whether these deficits are prior to onset of the disorder or they begin to appear as consequence. To investigate whether recent onset of OCD in adolescence is characterized by executive functioning difficulties in behavioral inhibition, attentional flexibility, and decision-making. Executive functions were compared in adolescents with recent (past year) appearance of OCD symptoms (n = 40) and control group (n = 40). Three computerized tests within the CANTAB battery were completed by all subjects (the Affective Go/No Go task, the Intra-Dimensional, Extra-Dimensional Set-Shifting task, and the Decision-Making task). Using one-way ANOVA showed that compared with control group, the OCD adolescents displayed a bias towards negative stimuli with less errors on sad and hopeless words on the Affective Go/No Go task. They also made faster decisions while they bet more of their available points compared to controls, in the Decision-Making task. Adolescents with recent OCD diagnosis (less than one year) showed greater attention towards sad and hopeless stimuli and more impulsive behavior when making decisions. However, they were able to switch attentional set to neutral stimuli. These findings suggest that executive functioning impairments can characterize adolescence OCD from early beginning of the disorder.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

The relationship between obsessive-compulsive personality and obsessive-compulsive disorder: data obtained by the Personality Disorder Examination

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Cassano ◽  
G Del Buono ◽  
F Catapano
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Matched Healthy Control ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWe administered the Personality Disorder Examination (PDE) to 31 patients meeting DSM III criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to an age-and sex-matched healthy control group. Seventeen patients (54.8%) and four controls (12.9%) met criteria for one or more DSM III Axis II diagnoses. The most frequent Axis II diagnoses in patients were avoidant, passive-aggressive and compulsive personality disorder. Compulsive personality disorder was diagnosed in 6 OCD patients (19.3%). The prevalence of this disorder did not change according to sex, age of onset or duration of OCD, and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders and Childhood Chronic Functional Constipation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Ataee ◽  
Hadi Badiee ◽  
Soleiman Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Borhan Moradveisi ◽  
Daem Roshani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Chronic constipation is one of the most common problems in children. It can cause anxiety and psychological problems in patients and parents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) in children with chronic functional constipation. This is a case-control study performed at the gastroenterology clinic of Besat Hospital Sanandaj for one year. The children aged 7-14-year-old with chronic functional constipation were selected as a case group, and the healthy children were recruited as a control group, who referred for growth control. Then, the Maudsley questionnaire for obsessive-compulsive disorders was completed by a trained assistant. With this questionnaire, the presence or absence of OCD and its type can be determined. Forty-three children were selected as the case group and sixty-seven children as the control group. The mean age of the case and control group was 9.3±1.5 and 8.8±1.6 years, respectively. Based on the results, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of checking, cleaning, slowness, doubting, and total obsessive score (P˂0.05). Therefore, all five types of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the case group were greater than the control group. Obsessive-compulsive disorders were more common in children with functional constipation, and the total obsessive score in these children than the healthy children was a significant difference.

scholarly journals Addicted to compulsion: assessing three core dimensions of addiction across obsessive-compulsive disorder and gambling disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Grassi ◽  
Nikos Makris ◽  
Stefano Pallanti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Olfactory Test

ObjectiveSeveral studies suggested that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients display increased impulsivity, impaired decision-making, and reward system dysfunction. In a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) perspective, these findings are prototypical for addiction and have led some authors to view OCD as a behavioral addiction. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate similarities and differences on impulsivity, decision-making, and reward system, as core dimensions of addiction, across OCD and gambling disorder (GD) patients.MethodsForty-four OCD patients, 26 GD patients, and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. Impulsivity was assessed through the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, decision-making through the Iowa Gambling Task, and reward system through a self-report clinical instrument (the Shaps-Hamilton Anhedonia Scale) assessing hedonic tone and through an olfactory test assessing hedonic appraisal to odors.ResultsBoth OCD and GD patients showed increased impulsivity when compared to HCs. More specifically, the OCD patients showed cognitive impulsivity, and the GD patients showed both increased cognitive and motor impulsivity. Furthermore, both OCD and GD patients showed impaired decision-making performances when compared to HCs. Finally, GD patients showed increased anhedonia and blunted hedonic response to pleasant odors unrelated to gambling or depression/anxiety symptoms, while OCD patients showed only increased anhedonia levels related to OC and depression/anxiety symptoms.ConclusionOCD patients showed several similarities and some differences with GD patients when compared to HCs on impulsivity, decision-making, and reward system, three core dimensions of addiction. These results could have relevant implications for the research of new treatment targets for OCD.

COGNITIVE PERSONALITY STYLES ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSIVE AND OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE PHENOMENA IN A NON-CLINICAL SAMPLE

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil S. Bhar ◽  
Michael Kyrios
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Personality Styles ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Personality Vulnerabilities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored whether obsessive-compulsive (OC) and depressive phenomena share common cognitive personality vulnerabilities. Specifically, the study examined the relationship of OC phenomena to sociotropy, autonomy and aspects of perfectionism, which traditionally have been associated with depression. A non-clinical sample of 152 subjects, mostly undergraduate university students, completed four questionnaires. Results indicated a significant relationship between depression and OC variables, with both relating significantly to autonomy, sociotropy and socially prescribed perfectionism. Correlations between OC phenomena and these cognitive personality styles were still significant after controlling for depression. Sociotropy and socially prescribed perfectionism predicted unique OC variance. Depression also predicted unique OC variance, controlling for the cognitive personality styles. It was concluded that OC and depressive phenomena share vulnerability centred on desires for approval. It was also recognized that depression-specific processes account for some of the covariability between depression and OC phenomena. Therefore, it was suggested that treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder may improve by attending to the reduction of depressive phenomena and to the modification of beliefs related to social-approval.

scholarly journals The relationship between religiosity, spirituality, and obsessive-compulsive disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Curtis Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Religiosity And Spirituality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Crisis

Some OCD researchers have suggested that highly religious individuals may be predisposed toward developing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but results regarding the relationship between religiosity and OCD symptoms are mixed. Notable weaknesses in the literature include the frequent use of measures with unknown psychometric properties that do not differentiate between various facets of religiosity (e.g., fundamentalism, spirituality, etc.), study of a limited range of religious affiliations, and predominant use of undergraduate student samples. Other research has demonstrated positive benefits of religiosity/spirituality for mental health. The current study attempted to clarify the relationship between OCD symptoms/cognitions and religiosity/spirituality using multidimensional measures of religiosity/spirituality. Seven hundred and forty-six nonclinical (students and community members) and 24 clinical participants (with a principal diagnosis of OCD) from a wide range of religious affiliations completed questionnaires assessing religiosity/spirituality and OCD symptoms/cognitions. In both samples, Obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms were either not significantly related or significantly, negatively related to religiosity and spirituality, but religious crisis was significantly, positively related to OC symptoms. In the nonclinical group, none of the facets of spirituality moderated the relationships between religiosity and fundamentalism or moral TAF. All facets of spirituality significantly moderated the relationship between religiosity and scrupulosity (all ps < .02), but additional variance explained was trivial (all ΔR2 < .004). In the clinical sample, only the universality facet of spirituality (i.e., the belief that the universe is ordered and all of humanity is connected) significantly moderated the relationship between religiosity and fundamentalism (t = -5.60, p < .001, 95% CI = -.53 to -.24, ΔR2 = .17) and between religiosity and moral thought-action fusion (moral TAF; t = -2.14, p = .04, 95% CI = -.38 to -.005, ΔR2 = .184). High religiosity was only associated with high fundamentalism or moral TAF when universality was low. None of the facets of spirituality significantly moderated the relationship between religiosity and scrupulosity (all ps = ns, all ΔR2 < .001). Religiosity and spirituality appear to be unrelated or negatively related to OC symptoms. However, religious individuals with OCD who experience religious crisis may benefit from psychoeducation/consultation with religious professionals to address these difficulties.

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