scholarly journals Genetic influences on suicide and nonfatal suicidal behavior: Twin study findings

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Pedersen ◽  
A. Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Familial Influences ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Future Work

AbstractIt has been well established that suicidal behavior is familial. Twin studies provide a unique opportunity to distinguish genetic effects from other familial influences. Consistent with findings from previous twin studies, including case series and selected samples, data from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry clearly demonstrate the importance of genetic influences on suicide. Twin studies of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts also implicate genetic influences, even when accounting for the effects of psychopathology. Future work is needed to evaluate the possibility of age and gender differences in heritability of suicide and nonfatal suicidal behavior.

scholarly journals Late-life suicidal behaviours among new users of antidepressants: a prospective population-based study of sociodemographic and gender factors in those aged 75 and above

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e022703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khedidja Hedna ◽  
Karolina Andersson Sundell ◽  
Gunnel Hensing ◽  
Ingmar Skoog ◽  
Sara Gustavsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Nordic Country ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
And Gender

ObjectiveTo investigate sociodemographic and gender factors associated with suicide and suicide attempts among new users of antidepressants aged 75 and above.DesignRegister-based cohort study.SettingNational population-based cohort of Swedish residents aged ≥75 years.Participants185 225 patients who initiated antidepressant medication between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2013 were followed until 31 December 2014.Main outcome measuresSuicide and suicide attempts. Fine and Gray regression models were used to analyse the sociodemographic factors (age, country of birth, marital status, education level, last occupation, income and social allowance) associated with suicidal behaviours in the entire cohort and by gender.ResultsDuring follow-up, 295 suicides and 654 suicide attempts occurred. Adjusted sub-hazard ratios (aSHRs) for suicide were lower among older age groups (aSHR 0.73, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.99 for those 85–89 years; and aSHR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.86 for those ≥90 years). A similar pattern was observed for suicide attempts. Suicide attempts were more common among those born in foreign countries (aSHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.15 for those born in another Nordic country; and aSHR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.93 for those born in non-Nordic countries). In the gender-stratified analyses, being single or divorced, and born in another Nordic country was associated with a higher risk of suicide among men. Educational and occupational history and being born in a non-Nordic country influenced risk of suicidal behaviours in women.ConclusionSuicidal behaviours occurred more commonly among new users who were ‘younger’ old adults and those with foreign background, suggesting that those groups might require greater support when initiating antidepressant therapy. Our findings suggest the need for gender-specific, multifaceted approaches to the prevention of suicidal behaviours in late life.

scholarly journals Risks of suicide attempts after prescription of zolpidem in people with depression: a nationwide population study in South Korea

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyewon Kim ◽  
Yuwon Kim ◽  
Woojae Myung ◽  
Maurizio Fava ◽  
David Mischoulon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Objectives To investigate the association between zolpidem prescription and suicide attempts in people with depression Methods A nationwide, population-based electronic medical records database from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service of South was used to investigate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of suicide attempts and probable suicide attempts in people with depression before and after zolpidem prescription using self-controlled case series design. Results In a total of 445 people who attempted suicide and 23 141 people who attempted probable suicide attempt, the IRRs of suicidal behavior during the risk periods before and after zolpidem prescription increased compared with those at the baseline. The IRRs gradually increased and peaked immediately before the prescription of zolpidem. The IRR was 70.06 (95% CI: 25.58–191.90) on day 2 before zolpidem prescription and 63.35 (95% CI: 22.99–174.59) on day 1 after zolpidem prescription in the suicide attempt group. The IRR was 24.07 (95% CI: 20.50–28.26) on the day before zolpidem prescription and 14.96 (95% CI: 12.21–18.34) on the day after zolpidem prescription in the probable suicide attempt group. The ratios declined eventually after zolpidem was prescribed. Conclusions Although zolpidem prescription was associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts in people with depression, the risk increased and peaked immediately before zolpidem prescription. The risk declined gradually thereafter. This result indicates that the risk of suicide attempts increases at the time of zolpidem prescription. However, zolpidem prescription does not contribute to additional increase in the risk of suicide attempts.

scholarly journals Characterization of suicidal behavior among children in a depressive episode: case series study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-400
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Pereira de Souza ◽  
Beatriz Werkhaizer Segolin ◽  
Paula Bedim Pessanha ◽  
Tânia Queiroz de Araújo Abreu ◽  
Yasmin Emi Enemu Mino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Abstract Introduction Child suicidal behavior is related to specific childhood variations, constituting risk factors, including predisposing factors, internal factors, and environmental factors. Objective To characterize suicidal behavior among children aged 5 to 12 years diagnosed with a depressive episode. Methods Fifteen participants, aged 5 to 12, were assessed at a child and adolescent mental health center in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. All participants had a history of suicide attempt and were in a depressive episode at the time of assessment. Results Vulnerabilities related to the children themselves were self-harm, aggression, loss of an important family figure, sexual abuse, sexuality disorders, use of alcohol or other drugs, and ill-treatment. Factors of family structure and dynamics found were psychiatric illness in family members, family conflict or violence, abandonment or rejection, history of suicidal behavior in family, parents users of alcohol and other drugs, and separated parents. Factors related to school were bullying, school difficulties/delays, high school performance, bad behavior, physical aggression, school dropout, and aggressiveness. The main methods used in suicide attempts were injury by sharp or blunt objects and intentional self-poisoning. Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidities and a previous history of disturbances in the family and at school are important factors to consider with relation to suicidal behavior by children with depressive episodes.

scholarly journals Isometric Strength Database for Muscle Maximal Voluntary Endurance Field Tests: Normative Data.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérick Janik ◽  
Claire Toulotte ◽  
Anne Laure Seichepine ◽  
Bernadette Masquelier ◽  
Fabienne Barbier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Endurance Tests ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background: Different field tests are used to evaluate muscular capacity, in particular maximal voluntary endurance. However, although there are some normative values for a few muscle endurance tests, these do not consider the mass, size or age of individuals, which are well-known factors that influence muscle performance.Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of 8 field tests and establish muscle endurance norms, in an healthy population, based on their anthropometric characteristics which could permit to evaluate at best the entire muscle function in a quick manner.Design:Case series. Methods:This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was to check the reproducibility inter- and intra-assessor for 8 isometric muscle fields tests on twenty volunteered subjects age of 40.9 ± 11.6 years old. The second part was to establish muscle maximal voluntary endurance norms according of these tests on a total of 400 healthy participants segmented by age (50 males and females by age bracket: 20-29; 30-39; 40-49; 50-59 years old, for a total of 200 males and 200 females).Results:The intra and inter-assessor reproducibility tests was very high for all muscle measurements (the ICC varied between 0.915 and 0.996). Good sensitivity is observed for all isometric tests highlights with simple linear regression test demonstrating a significant impact for the variable age for all tests (p<0.001). Each muscle belt presents same ratio regardless of the age and gender group. The simultaneous multiple regression analyses highlight that the anthropometric characteristics of subjects influence significantly the performance of isometric tests. Conclusion:This study has permitted to established prediction equations in an healthy population according to their anthropometric characteristics as well as agonist/antagonist ratios for eight muscle isometric field tests after to be demonstrated an excellent reproducibility of all tests.

The prevalence of suicide attempts among community-dwelling US Chinese older adults – findings from the PINE study

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
XinQi Dong ◽  
Ruijia Chen ◽  
E-Shien Chang ◽  
Melissa A. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Prevention And Intervention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Older Adults

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of suicide attempts and explore the suicide methods among community-dwelling Chinese older adults. Design/methodology/approach – Data were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) study, a population-based epidemiological study of Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above in the greater Chicago area. Guided by the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, the study enrolled 3,159 community-dwelling Chinese older adults from 2011 to 2013. Findings – The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts is 791 per 100,000 and the past 12-month prevalence of suicide attempts is 285 per 100,000. Medication overdose is the most common suicide method both in the group of lifetime suicide attempts and 12-month suicide attempts. Lower income is positively correlated with lifetime suicide attempts and 12-month suicide attempts. Living with fewer household members is positively correlated with lifetime suicide attempts but not with 12-month suicide attempts. Research limitations/implications – The findings emphasize the needs for improved understanding of suicidal behavior among minority older adults and to develop culturally and linguistically sensitive prevention and intervention strategies. Practical implications – Community stakeholders should improve the accessibility and availability of culturally sensitive mental health services and extend timely and effective suicide interventions in the Chinese community. Originality/value – This study represents the first and largest population-based epidemiological study to investigate the suicide attempts and methods among US Chinese older adults. In addition, the implementation of the CBPR approach allows us to minimize the cultural barriers associated with suicide investigation. The study emphasizes the need for improved understanding on suicidal behavior among minority older adults to inform culturally and linguistically sensitive prevention and intervention strategies.

Suicidal Behavior among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-171
Author(s):  
Ann P. Haas ◽  
Maggie G. Mortali
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the research literature about suicide and suicide attempts in sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations, comparing this information, where possible, with current knowledge of suicidal behavior in general populations. Drawing on studies across several decades, the authors identify the key research strategies used to study the prevalence and patterns of SGM suicide deaths and attempts, and discuss their contributions and limitations. Theoretical models for understanding SGM suicidal behavior and their implications for suicide prevention are also discussed. The chapter describes how understanding of SGM suicidal behavior has been limited, in particular, by the lack of routine, systematic identification of decedents’ sexual orientation and gender identity at the time of death and insufficient attention to the impact of sociocultural and structural factors on SGM suicide risk.

Childhood adversities and risk for suicidal ideation and attempts: a longitudinal population-based study

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1769-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
MURRAY W. ENNS ◽  
BRIAN J. COX ◽  
TRACIE O. AFIFI ◽  
RON DE GRAAF ◽  
MARGREET TEN HAVE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Mental Health Survey ◽  
New Onset

Background. Developmental adversities may be risk factors for adult suicidal behavior, but this relationship has rarely been studied prospectively. The present study examined the association between childhood adversities and new onset suicidal ideation and attempts in an adult population-based sample.Method. The study used a large community mental health survey (the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study; n=7076, age range 18–64 years). Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between childhood adversities and new onset of suicidal ideation and attempts over 3 years of longitudinal follow-up.Results. During the study period 85 new cases of suicidal ideation and 39 new onset suicide attempts were observed. The incidence rate for new suicide ideation was 0·67% per year and the incidence rate for new suicide attempts was 0·28% per year. Childhood neglect, psychological abuse and physical abuse were strongly associated with new onset suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 2·80 to 4·66 for new onset suicidal ideation and from 3·60 to 5·43 for new onset suicide attempts. The total number of adversities reported had a strong graded relationship to new onset suicidal ideation and attempts. These associations remained significant after controlling for the effects of mental disorders.Conclusions. Childhood abuse and multiple adversities are strongly associated with future suicidal behavior and the mental disorders assessed in the present study do not fully account for this effect. A comprehensive understanding of suicidal behavior must take childhood adversities into account.

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