Making sense of economic deprivation as a predictor of suicide and homicide: A nationwide register-study

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S178-S178
Author(s):  
M. Pompili ◽  
M. Vichi
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Inverse Function ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Lethal Aggression ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionClassical work on lethal aggression often viewed suicide and homicide as sharing a common source.ObjectiveThe present investigation explores the association between measures of social deprivation on the relative incidence of suicide over homicide in Italian provinces.MethodsData refer to official government sources on lethal violence rates and measures of social deprivation. The central dependent variable is termed SHR or the suicide rate expressed as a proportion of the sum of the suicide and homicide rates Data were available for the 103 Italian provinces.ResultsThe SHR had three significant predictors. The greater the percentage of the population with low education, the lesser the tendency towards suicide. The tendency towards suicide was also predicted by rental housing, the greater the percentage of the population living in rental housing the less the tendency towards suicide. The inverse of the unemployment rate also predicted the SHR. Given that the measure follows an inverse function, the greater the unemployment rate the lesser the tendency towards suicide relative to homicide (SHR). We can interpret the results relative to a homicidal tendency in the SHR: the greater the low education percentage of the population, the greater the homicidal tendency, and the greater the rental housing percentage, the greater the homicidal tendency in the SHR.ConclusionThe results are consistent with a stream of previous research that connects deprivation with a relatively high probability for disadvantaged populations to direct aggression outwardly in the form of homicide rather than inwardly in the form of suicide.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Pre- and postnatal psychosocial intervention concepts

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S734-S734
Author(s):  
G. Egloff ◽  
D. Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Psychic Development ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Coping With Trauma ◽  
Structured Interventions

Psychiatry, psychoanalysis and infant mental health research of the last decades have led to intervention concepts for pre- and postnatal stages of human development. Such concepts reach from how parents-to-be can be prepared for parenthood to how to intervene in support of relation and attachment in infants, toddlers and older children. Especially the postnatal relation of infant and parents has been examined extensively, as have parental competencies. The expression of intuitive parental competencies (according to Papousek and Papousek) may be compromised by diverse factors, thus putting the infant's psychic development at risk in general. Early intervention concepts may help out to some extent. In German-speaking countries, there are intervention programs focusing on bonding as there are on handling, processing of and coping with trauma, on promoting secure attachment between infant and parents, on relational issues, on bodily contact, on understanding the infant's signals, including those of the preterm infant, as well as on educational practices. From prenatal period onwards up to kindergarten age there are structured interventions, including the involvement of parents and parents-to-be. Yet, some factors of psychic development and of pathology may not necessarily be reached by these. Whereas concepts on an individual level of personality education do exist, nevertheless there might have to be collective measures. There seems to be a need to augment the agenda as there is good reason to assume that in the last decades there has been a motion toward new social deprivation stemming from societal depravation processes, which might potentiate future deprivation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The impacts on the mental health of residents of 16 favelas observed during the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e583101321508
Author(s):  
Tais Veronica Cardoso Vernaglia ◽  
Vitor Barreto Paravidino ◽  
Eliana Sousa Silva ◽  
Leandro Valiati ◽  
Paul Heritage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Urban Violence ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
Health Distress ◽  
Mental Health Distress

The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil has caused a scenario of extreme social vulnerability, with high unemployment rates and severe cuts to social benefits and policies. Aims: analyze the impacts of the pandemic on the mental health and quality of life on people living in contexts of high-levels of armed and lethal violence and social fragility. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was undertaken with a convenient sample of fifty individuals who live in 16 favelas in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The interviews included enquired about the respondent’s capacity to cope with the pandemic and their access to services as well as questions about mental health (Brief Symptoms Inventory), and Quality of Life (Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life). Results: The results revealed a decrease in the somatization dimension of the BSI scale and a worsening on the objective index (SIX) of quality of life. Mental health distress increased more in the male group when compared to the female group during the COVID-19 pandemic. It seems likely; therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic presents a major challenge for people living in a context of urban violence and social deprivation. Conclusions: The worsening of mental distress and quality of life during the pandemic impacts both genders and suggests the need for policies directed to health and employment protection.

The effects of the last global economic crisis on the suicide rate in Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S111-S111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Dumitru ◽  
B.S. Constantin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Economic Crisis ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Eu

IntroductionSince 1897, Émile Durkheim noted that suicides occur more often during the economic changes that disrupt the social structure of society.Objective and aimsThe objective of this study is to analyze the consequences of last global economic crisis on mortality by suicide in the EU countries in period 2007–2012.Material and methodWe extracted data on mortality from the WHO database and unemployment trends from the EUROSTAT database. We had used this data to calculate the effect of unemployment on suicide rate, in pre-2004 and post-2004 EU countries.ResultsIf the number of suicides from 2007 was maintained in 2008–2012 period, EU 27 countries would have registered with 16,572 fewer suicides. The increase of suicides is based on the increasing number of suicides in men. The small increase in the suicide rate was recorded in Austria, France, Hungary and Slovenia. Luxembourg was the only country where the number of suicides was lower compared to 2007. In 2008, we can notice a slight decrease in the unemployment rate compared to 2007 and an increase in suicide by 3% in both groups of countries, followed by increasing suicide only in the post-2004 EU, where reach 10% in 2010, followed by a slight decrease in the coming years, while the unemployment rate gradually increases to 46% compared with 2007.ConclusionsIn European Union countries, suicides have increased both before and during the crisis, in periods in which unemployment rose. States that joined the EU after 2004 are more vulnerable in times of crisis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN DAN PELATIHAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL BISNIS CANVAS BAGI SISWA/I SMK SANTO LEO MANGGA BESAR JAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ary Satria Pamungkas ◽  
Hannes Widjaya ◽  
Hendra Wiyanto ◽  
Herlina Budiono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
International Markets ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Younger Generation

The development of entrepreneurship in the country is diverse and demands change for changes according to the latest advances in technology and information. The role of entrepreneurship for economic growth in a time when a changing world demands change as well. The younger generation is a priority target in Entrepreneurship Education. By fostering an entrepreneurial spirit and changing the thinking pattern of the younger generation, it is hoped that it will slowly but surely reduce the unemployment rate. The proportion of the population whose education is quite good has increased, but the increase has not been satisfactory, because there are still some of them are elderly, and the proportion with low education is quite large. The solution to facing the challenges of this big change is none other than the mastery of information, technology and international markets. A seemingly simple but difficult and time-consuming way to fundamentally transform Indonesian entrepreneurship by transforming low potential into high quality entrepreneurs. This is not only increasing output and per capita income, but also awakens the spirit of entrepreneurship, independence, work, and development of the national economy. The era of rapid technology plays an important role in encouraging new entrepreneurialism. SMK Santo Leo students have succeeded in making a canvas model for business which is expected to be achieved per group according to the expectations of PKM team. ABSTRAK:Perkembangan kewirausahaan di tanah air beragam dan menuntut perubahan demi perubahan sesuai kemajuan teknologi dan informasi terkini. Peranan kewirausahaan bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi di saat dunia yang terus berubah menuntut perubahan pula. Generasi muda menjadi target prioritas dalam Pendidikan Kewirausahaan. Dengan menumbuhkan jiwa kewirausahaan serta mengubah pola berpikir generasi muda diharapkan perlahan namun pasti akan menurunkan tingkat pengangguran. Proporsi penduduk yang pendidikannya cukup baik mengalami peningkatan, tetapi peningkatan tersebut belum memuaskan, karena masih ada sebagian yang belum mengenyam pendidikan formal, kebanyakan usia sudah lanjut, dan proporsi yang pendidikannya rendah cukup besar. Solusi menghadapi tantangan perubahan yang besar ini tidak lain adalah dalam penguasaan informasi, teknologi, dan pasar internasional. Cara yang terlihat sederhana namun sulit dan membutuhkan waktu untuk mengubah secara mendasar wirausaha Indonesia dengan mengubah potensi yang rendah menjadi wirausaha yang berkualitas tinggi. Hal tersebut tidak sekedar meningkatkan output dan pendapatan per kapita, melainkan kebangkitan semangat jiwa kewirausahaan, berdikari, karya, serta pengembangan perekonomian nasional. Era teknologi yang pesat berperan penting dalam mendorong entrepreneurial baru. Oleh karena itu program Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini mempunyai program untuk menumbuhkan dan menciptakan ide-ide kreatif dan unik kepada generasi muda khususnya siswa-siswi SMK Santo Leo Mangga Besar agar dapat memiliki minat dan pengetahuan dasar mengenai perencanaan kewirausahaan dengan menggunakan model canvas. Siswa siswi SMK Santo Leo berhasil membuat model canvas untuk bisnis yang diharapkan per kelompok dapat tercapai sesuai harapan tim PKM.

Economic Deprivation as a Predictor of the Direction of Lethal Violence: An Analysis of Italian Provinces

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Stack ◽  
Frederique Laubepin ◽  
Monica Vichi ◽  
Giada Minelli ◽  
David Lester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
Italian Provinces

Identifying groups of airborne particles by ordination

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 856-857
Author(s):  
M. Shlepr ◽  
C. M. Vicroy
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Microelectronics Industry ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Source Materials

The microelectronics industry is heavily tasked with minimizing contaminates at all steps of the manufacturing process. Particles are generated by physical and/or chemical fragmentation from a mothersource. The tools and macrovolumes of chemicals used for processing, the environment surrounding the process, and the circuits themselves are all potential particle sources. A first step in eliminating these contaminants is to identify their source. Elemental analysis of the particles often proves useful toward this goal, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is a commonly used technique. However, the large variety of source materials and process induced changes in the particles often make it difficult to discern if the particles are from a common source.Ordination is commonly used in ecology to understand community relationships. This technique usespair-wise measures of similarity. Separation of the data set is based on discrimination functions. Theend product is a spatial representation of the data with the distance between points equaling the degree of dissimilarity.

Social deprivation, housing density, and gregariousness in rats.

1970 ◽  
Vol 70 (2, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibb Latane ◽  
Howard Cappell ◽  
Virginia Joy
Keyword(s):  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Housing Density

Elevated Tissue Factor and Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Circulating Levels in Ischaemic Heart Disease Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (03) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Gori ◽  
Sandra Fedi ◽  
Ludia Chiarugi ◽  
Ignazio Simonetti ◽  
Roberto Piero Dabizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Previous Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tissue Factor Pathway ◽  
Circulating Levels

SummarySeveral studies have shown that thrombosis and inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD). In particular, Tissue Factor (TF) is responsible for the thrombogenicity of the atherosclerotic plaque and plays a key role in triggering thrombin generation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the TF/Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) system in patients with IHD.We have studied 55 patients with IHD and not on heparin [18 with unstable angina (UA), 24 with effort angina (EA) and 13 with previous myocardial infarction (MI)] and 48 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers, by measuring plasma levels of TF, TFPI, Prothrombin Fragment 1-2 (F1+2), and Thrombin Antithrombin Complexes (TAT).TF plasma levels in IHD patients (median 215.4 pg/ml; range 72.6 to 834.3 pg/ml) were significantly (p<0.001) higher than those found in control subjects (median 142.5 pg/ml; range 28.0-255.3 pg/ml).Similarly, TFPI plasma levels in IHD patients were significantly higher (median 129.0 ng/ml; range 30.3-316.8 ng/ml; p <0.001) than those found in control subjects (median 60.4 ng/ml; range 20.8-151.3 ng/ml). UA patients showed higher amounts of TF and TFPI plasma levels (TF median 255.6 pg/ml; range 148.8-834.3 pg/ml; TFPI median 137.7 ng/ml; range 38.3-316.8 ng/ml) than patients with EA (TF median 182.0 pg/ml; range 72.6-380.0 pg/ml; TFPI median 115.2 ng/ml; range 47.0-196.8 ng/ml) and MI (TF median 213.9 pg/ml; range 125.0 to 341.9 pg/ml; TFPI median 130.5 ng/ml; range 94.0-207.8 ng/ml). Similar levels of TF and TFPI were found in patients with mono- or bivasal coronary lesions. A positive correlation was observed between TF and TFPI plasma levels (r = 0.57, p <0.001). Excess thrombin formation in patients with IHD was documented by TAT (median 5.2 μg/l; range 1.7-21.0 μg/l) and F1+2 levels (median 1.4 nmol/l; range 0.6 to 6.2 nmol/l) both significantly higher (p <0.001) than those found in control subjects (TAT median 2.3 μg/l; range 1.4-4.2 μg/l; F1+2 median 0.7 nmol/l; range 0.3-1.3 nmol/l).As in other conditions associated with cell-mediated clotting activation (cancer and DIC), also in IHD high levels of circulating TF are present. Endothelial cells and monocytes are the possible common source of TF and TFPI. The blood clotting activation observed in these patients may be related to elevated TF circulating levels not sufficiently inhibited by the elevated TFPI plasma levels present.

Becoming “Indians”: The Jesuit Missionary Path from Italy to Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-50
Author(s):  
Camilla Russell
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Jesuit Missions ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Jesuit Missionaries ◽  
Jesuit Missionary

The Jesuit missions in Asia were among the most audacious undertakings by Europeans in the early modern period. This article focuses on a still relatively little understood aspect of the enterprise: its appointment process. It draws together disparate archival documents to recreate the steps to becoming a Jesuit missionary, specifically the Litterae indipetae (petitions for the “Indies”), provincial reports about missionary candidates, and replies to applicants from the Jesuit superior general. Focusing on candidates from the Italian provinces of the Society of Jesus, the article outlines not just how Jesuit missionaries were appointed but also the priorities, motivations, and attitudes that informed their assessment and selection. Missionaries were made, the study shows, through a specific “way of proceeding” that was negotiated between all parties and seen in both organizational and spiritual terms, beginning with the vocation itself, which, whether the applicant departed or not, earned him the name indiano.

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