Investigation of affective temperaments and chronobiology in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S203-S204
Author(s):  
A. Sakalli Kani ◽  
C. Aksoy Poyraz ◽  
B.C. Poyraz ◽  
M.R. Bayar
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Affective Temperaments ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Subsyndromal Symptoms

IntroductionComorbid mood disorders affect negatively the prognosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Affective temperaments are assumed to be subsyndromal symptoms and precursors of mood disorders but its effects on OCD outcome remain unclear. There is a body of evidence, which supports the association between circadian rhythm disturbances and mood disorders in literature. In contrast, there is limited data concerning the effects of chronobiological preference among the patients with OCD and OCD comorbid mood disorders.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess the clinical effects of affective temperaments and chronotype differences in patients with OCD.MethodsThe research was performed in patients with OCD which have been under treatment at least for 12 weeks (n = 76) and healthy controls (n = 55). Yale Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale, TEMPS-A, Morningness and Eveningness Questionnaire, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were used in the study.ResultsThere were higher scores in depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments in patients with OCD compared to the healthy group. There were significant differences between patients with remission and not remission in depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments. Compared to healthy group eveningness chronotype was more frequent in patients; however the difference was not statistically significant. The OCD patients did not differ from comorbid anxiety, depression and remission levels according to the chronotype.ConclusionUnderstanding the effects of affective temperaments and chronotype differences on the outcome of patients with OCD, may provide developing new treatment approaches in especially treatment resistant OCD patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Correlational research on facial and clinical characteristics of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Shaohua Chang ◽  
Xiaomin Ma ◽  
Jiying Li ◽  
Ruixia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We examined the relationship between facial morphological features and clinical characteristics of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The enrolled study sample comprised 40 adolescents diagnosed with OCD using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory Child Version (OCI-CV) and 38 healthy controls (HCs). Facial photos, 21 facial diameters, and nine facial angles were collected using image software. In males, lower lip red height was significantly lower in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.05); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.05). In females, the nasolabial angle was smaller in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.05); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.05). The difference in lower lip red height between the OCD group and HC group was positively correlated with mental neutralization symptoms (r = 0.401, P < 0.05). Our findings highlight the relationship between facial and clinical characteristics in OCD patients.

scholarly journals The role of affective temperaments and chronotype in pharmacotherapy response in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Sakalli Kani ◽  
Cana Aksoy Poyraz ◽  
B. Cağrı Poyraz ◽  
M. Reha Bayar ◽  
Ercan Akin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Affective Temperaments

Benefit of Clomipramine-quetiapine Combination in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder with Non Response to Serotonin Selective Reuptake Inhibitors. Case Report

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
G. Marian ◽  
B. Ionescu ◽  
D. Ghinea ◽  
N. Alina
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressant ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Affective Symptoms

Background:Patients who suffer of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) experience obsessive thoughts and/or urges to engage in compulsive behaviours. the condition causes severe discomfort and, in many cases, leads to serious impairment in social and work-related functioning.Although antipsychotic monotherapy has been associated with ineffectiveness and even increase of psychotic symptoms (especially in psychotic patients), antipsychotics as adjuvant to antidepressant medication have proven to be effective in several case series and pilot clinical trials.The objective of this case was to evaluate the effectiveness of clomipramine-quetiapine combination in OCD refractory to serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors treatment patient.Method:23 years unemployed male was diagnosed with OCD after 1 year from onset and received 3 trials with serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors at therapeutical doses, without any improvement and even more with worsening of affective associated symptoms. We managed this case by using a tricyclic antidepressant (clomipramine up to 100 mg/day) with an atypical antipsychotic (quetiapine up to 200 mg/day). We employed the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Obsessive-Compulsive Checklist (OCC) and Hamilton Depression rating Scale (HDRS) at baseline, weekly for the first 2 months and monthly after (follow up 2 years).Results:Patient achieved a very fast and sustained improvement both in obsessive-compulsive and affective symptoms, which provided a very good social and work rehabilitation.Conclusion:Clomipramine-quetiapine combination may be a benefit for OCD refractory to serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors and a safe strategy.

Duration of untreated illness and outcome of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A naturalistic follow-up study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S323-S323
Author(s):  
V. Prisco ◽  
F. Perris ◽  
T. Iannaccone ◽  
M. Fabrazzo ◽  
F. Catapano
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Illness ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

Duration of untreated illness (DUI) is a predictor of outcome in psychotic and affective disorders. Data available on DUI and its relationship with outcome in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suggest an association between longer DUI and poorer treatment response. The present study investigated socio-demographic and clinical predictors of DUI and its association with long-term outcome in OCD patients. Eighty-three OCD outpatients were treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and prospectively followed-up for 3 years. Baseline information was collected on demographic and clinical characteristics using standard assessments. Each patient was assessed through the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I), the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II personality disorders (SCID-II), the Yale-Brown obsessive–compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and the 17-item Hamilton rating scale for depression (HDRS). The DUI was explored by interviewing patients, family caregivers and clinicians. OCD subjects had a mean DUI of 7.3 (5.8) years. A younger age at onset and a greater severity of OCD symptoms at baseline were associated with a longer DUI. The DUI of patients with a “good outcome” was shorter than that of patients with a “poor outcome”. Logistic regression analysis revealed indeed a possible association between longer DUI and “poor outcome”. In the logistic multivariable model, the association of DUI with treatment outcome held true whilst controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Deep Brain Stimulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Real World Experience Post-FDA-Humanitarian Use Device Approval

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora Kahn ◽  
Brianne Sutton ◽  
Helena R. Winston ◽  
Aviva Abosch ◽  
John A. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Deep Brain

Background: While case series have established the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), it has been our experience that few OCD patients present without comorbidities that affect outcomes associated with DBS treatment. Here we present our experience with DBS therapy for OCD in patients who all have comorbid disease, together with the results of our programming strategies.Methods: For this case series, we assessed five patients who underwent ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) DBS for OCD between 2015 and 2019 at the University of Colorado Hospital. Every patient in this cohort exhibited comorbidities, including substance use disorders, eating disorder, tic disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. We conducted an IRB-approved, retrospective study of programming modifications and treatment response over the course of DBS therapy.Results: In addition to patients' subjective reports of improvement, we observed significant improvement in the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (44%), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (53%), the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (27%), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating scales (34.9%) following DBS. With respect to co-morbid disease, there was a significant improvement in a patient with tic disorder's Total Tic Severity Score (TTSS) (p = 0.005).Conclusions: DBS remains an efficacious tool for the treatment of OCD, even in patients with significant comorbidities in whom DBS has not previously been investigated. Efficacious treatment results not only from the accurate placement of the electrodes by the surgeon but also from programming by the psychiatrist.

Insight in obsessive–compulsive disorder: a study of an Italian sample

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Liliana Dell’Osso ◽  
Elena Di Nasso ◽  
Chiara Pfanner ◽  
Silvio Presta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Impression ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Italian Sample ◽  
Global Clinical Impression

SummaryInsight is a complex phenomenon that can be interpreted according to a dimensional model. Given the controversial data of insight in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), our study aimed to investigate insight in an Italian sample of patients with OCD by means of the specific item on the Yale–Brown obsessive–compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and to explore the possible correlations between it and clinical features. One hundred and seventeen out-patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD and different comorbid psychiatric disorders were included in the study and assessed by means of the Y-BOCS, Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD) and the global clinical impression. The results showed that almost 50% of the patients had an excellent level of insight and 15% had a little or no insight. No correlation between levels of insight and clinical features was observed, except for a negative trend with the presence of somatic obsessions. In addition, a trend towards a lower level of insight was observed in those bipolar patients with a positive history of repeated manic or hypomanic episodes. Further studies seem to be necessary in order to establish whether or not OCD patients with poor insight represent a distinct sub-group of patients.

Alexithymia and Suicide Risk among Patients with Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
D. De Berardis ◽  
N. Serroni ◽  
A.M. Pizzorno ◽  
F.S. Moschetta ◽  
G. Sepede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Chronic Course ◽  
Tas 20

Objective:The aim of our study was to evaluate relationships between alexithymia and suicidal ideation a sample of adult outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods:A sample of 86 adult outpatients with OCD (44 females and 42 males), was evaluated with a series of rating scales such as the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). the score of item #11 on the Y-BOCS was considered as a measure of insight.Results:Alexithymics showed a more early onset, a longer duration of illness and were more suitable to have a chronic course than nonalexithymics; they also reported higher MADRS and SSI scores. Alexithymics without insight (n=21) reported higher SSI scores than alexithymics with insight, nonalexythimics without insight and nonalexithymics with insight. A linear regression showed that chronic OCD course together with DIF dimension of TAS-20 and higher MADRS scores were significantly associated with higher suicide risk.Conclusions:Alexithymia and depressive symptoms were highly correlated in OCD patients and were significantly associated with higher suicide risk. DIF dimension of TAS-20 seems to be significantly associated with presence of suicidal ideation as well as chronic course of disorder. However, further longitudinal studies on larger samples are needed to definitely clarify this topic.

Gamma Knife surgery anterior capsulotomy for severe and refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1112-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Sheehan ◽  
Gregory Patterson ◽  
David Schlesinger ◽  
Zhiyuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Gamma Knife Surgery ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Institutional Review

Object Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a challenging psychiatric condition associated with anxiety and ritualistic behaviors. Although medical management and psychiatric therapy are effective for many patients, severe and extreme cases may prove refractory to these approaches. The authors evaluated their experience with Gamma Knife (GK) capsulotomy in treating patients with severe OCD. Methods A retrospective review of an institutional review board–approved prospective clinical GK database was conducted for patients treated for severe OCD. All patients were evaluated preoperatively by at least one psychiatrist, and their condition was deemed refractory to pharmacological and psychiatric therapy. Results Five patients were identified. Gamma Knife surgery with the GK Perfexion unit was used to target the anterior limb of the internal capsule bilaterally. A single 4-mm isocenter was used; maximum radiation doses of 140–160 Gy were delivered. All 5 patients were preoperatively and postoperatively assessed for clinical response by using both subjective and objective metrics, including the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS); 4 of the 5 patients had postoperative radiological follow-up. The median clinical follow-up was 24 months (range 6–33 months). At the time of radiosurgery, all patients had YBOCS scores in the severe or extreme range (median 32, range 31–34). At the last follow-up, 4 (80%) of the 5 patients showed marked clinical improvement; in the remaining patient (20%), mild improvement was seen. The median YBOCS score was 13 (range 12–31) at the last follow-up. Neuroimaging studies at 6 months after GK treatment demonstrated a small area of enhancement corresponding to the site of the isocenter and some mild T2 signal changes in the internal capsule. No adverse clinical effects were noted from the radiosurgery. Conclusions For patients with severe OCD refractory to medications and psychiatric therapy, GK capsulotomy afforded clinical improvement. Further study of this approach seems warranted.

Co-morbid Obsessive-compulsive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder in Highly Endogamous Population: Which Came First?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S119-S119
Author(s):  
A. Bener
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Endogamous Population ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of co-morbidity with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among bipolar disorder (BD) patients in order to assess the impact of OCD on the socio-demographic and clinical features of patients in a highly endogamous population. A cohort study was carried out on 396 patients enrolled between November 2011 to October 2013. We employed the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) and Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-IV/Clinical Version for diagnoses, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist for scoring OCD. Patients were grouped in BD patients with OCD (BD-OCD) and BD patients without OCD.Groups were compared for socio-demographic and clinical variables. There were no significant differences for age, gender, BMI, and marital status, between BD patients with and without OCD. We found significant differences in level of education (P = 0.022), occupation status (P = 0.025), household income, (P = 0.049), cigarette smoking (P = 0.038), sheesha smoking (P = 0.007), and prevalence of consanguinity (P = 0.036) among these groups. Number of hospitalizations and Young Mania Rating Scale score were not different among BD patients with or without OCD whereas there were significant differences in Hamilton-Depression score, Clinical Global Impression-BD Score, duration of illnesses, and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Also specific phobia, somatization, depression, mania, any mood disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, ADHD and personality disorder were more common in BD than OCD–BD group. This study confirms that BD-OCD is a common co-morbidity, largely under-recognized in clinical practice, which may significantly change BD presentation and outcome.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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