Neuroimage Studies: The Effect of Methylphenidate in Cocaine Users with ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S54-S55
Author(s):  
C. Crunelle
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
High Prevalence Rate ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Comorbid Adhd

BackgroundAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an important contributing factor in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders (SUD), and ADHD occurs more often in populations with SUD compared to the general population. This high prevalence rate and comorbidity may relate to a shared neurobiological vulnerability, including a deregulation of the brain's dopamine system. This comorbidity directly impacts the treatment of ADHD: treatment with methylphenidate is less effective in patients with ADHD and SUD compared to ADHD patients without SUD.MethodsWe investigate the underlying neurobiological background of reduced treatment effectiveness for adult ADHD patients with comorbid SUD.ResultsWe observed lower available dopamine transporters, as well as a reduced binding of methylphenidate to these transporters, and more neurocognitive dysfunction in adults ADHD patients with SUD compared to ADHD patients without SUD.ConclusionComorbid ADHD and SUD has a high prevalence rate and reduces ADHD treatment effectiveness, which makes it necessary to screen for the presence of ADHD in patients seeking SUD treatment. Neurobiological and neurocognitive differences are present between ADHD patients with and without SUD, which together may partially explain the reduced effectiveness of methylphenidate in adult ADHD patients with SUD.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Neurobiology and Genetics of ADHD in Adults

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S13) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Adhd Medications

AbstractTreatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may positively impact the neurobiology of adult patients with ADHD. Treatment may also minimize impairment from core symptoms and may alter the course of co-morbid disorders such as depression and substance use disorder. However, much of the information on stimulant use in adult ADHD comes from studies conducted in children, and it remains unclear whether there is a difference between children and adults when it comes to the side effects and tolerability of ADHD treatments. It is known that clinical presentation differs between adults and children, with adults demonstrating a higher percentage of mood disorders. Current treatments for adult ADHD include psychosocial therapies and pharmacologic therapies, the latter of which include the stimulants d-methylphenidate extended release (XR), OROS methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and mixed amphetamine salts XR; and the nonstimulant atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. There is need for additional study of treatment strategies for adult ADHD. Although all classes of ADHD medications are approved in adults, there are fewer approved formulations for adults than for children. Efficacy in adults is more subjective than in children, which may affect how efficacy rates for adult treatments are calculated. Adults also present a greater diversion risk than children. In addition, there are several new and emerging medication treatments worth considering.This Expert Roundtable Supplement represents part 2 of a 3-part supplement series on adult ADHD led by Lenard A. Adler, MD. In this activity, Thomas J. Spencer, MD, discusses the neurobiology and genetics of adult ADHD; Mark A. Stein, PhD, discusses stimulant therapy; and Jeffrey H. Newcorn, MD, reviews nonstimulants and psychosocial treatments.

Treating adult ADHD and comorbid substance-related disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S54-S54
Author(s):  
J.A. Ramos-Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Competing Interest

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex, and multifactorial and chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. Comorbid psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent in individuals with a diagnosis of ADHD. There is a solid overlap between ADHD and substance use disorders (SUD). Prevalence of SUD is high among patients with ADHD, so that SUD are approximately double as common among individuals with ADHD than in general population, and individuals with SUD have much higher rates than expected of a comorbid ADHD. Studies shown that treatment during childhood of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with stimulant medication neither protects nor increases the risk of later substance use disorders. Nevertheless, recent studies found that patients with ADHD and SUD can reduce ADHD symptoms and SUD with stimulants and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Treatment of ADHD in patients with SUD requires a comprehensive diagnostic assessment. It is recommendable to stabilize the addiction prior to treating the ADHD. In this talk, the recent literature for the treatment of adults with co-occurring ADHD and SUD will be reviewed.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Screening for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adult Inpatients with Psychiatric Disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetha Kumar ◽  
Justin Faden ◽  
Robert A. Steer
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Comorbid Adhd ◽  
Symptom Criteria

The purpose was to assess the effectiveness of the adult ADHD Module from the MINI International Neuropsychiatrie Interview (MINI) and the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales: Screening Version DSM-IV ADHD Symptoms Total Scale (CAARS-S:SV) in screening for attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder in patients hospitalized for other psychiatric disorders. Assessment measures were administered to 55 (50%) female and 55 (50%) male adult (> 18 yr. old) inpatients. Only six (5%) of the 110 inpatients had been diagnosed with comorbid ADHD according to medical charts. In contrast, 55 (50%) patients met criteria for ADHD according to the MINI, and 39 (36%) patients met criteria on the CAARS-S:SV. The higher rates of prevalence for the MINI and the CAARS-S:SV were attributable to symptom criteria for ADHD being similar to those shared with comorbid disorders.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B in pregnant females

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gule Rana ◽  
Noreen Akmal ◽  
Naseem Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Prevalence Rate ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population

Hepatitis B during pregnancy is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. A study was conducted on 1000 pregnant females at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital to find out the prevalence of Hepatitis B in pregnant females. 18 (1.8%) were found to be hepatitis B surface antigen positive thus showing a high prevalence rate for this disease in the study population.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT PILONIDAL SINUS WITH KSHARALEPA: A CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Poornima Jalawadi ◽  
Aiyanna PP
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Pilonidal Sinus ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
High Prevalence Rate ◽  
High Prevalence

Pilonidal Sinus (PNS) is a commonest presentation in surgical practice with a high prevalence rate at more than 1 million cases per year in India, where as incidence is about 26 per 1,00,000 population. A 30-year-old male patient presented with PNS after an unsuccessful excision followed by antibiotic therapy. The challenge in this case was not only to excise the tract but also preventing its recurrence. Adopting the principles of Vranopakramas using Ksharakarma, Utsadana karma described in Ayurveda helped to manage the PNS effectively without any recurrence after 32 months of follow-up.

Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Emerging Treatment

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S13) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Lenard A. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Adhd Medications

AbstractTreatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may positively impact the neurobiology of adult patients with ADHD. Treatment may also minimize impairment from core symptoms and may alter the course of co-morbid disorders such as depression and substance use disorder. However, much of the information on stimulant use in adult ADHD comes from studies conducted in children, and it remains unclear whether there is a difference between children and adults when it comes to the side effects and tolerability of ADHD treatments. It is known that clinical presentation differs between adults and children, with adults demonstrating a higher percentage of mood disorders. Current treatments for adult ADHD include psychosocial therapies and pharmacologic therapies, the latter of which include the stimulants d-methylphenidate extended release (XR), OROS methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and mixed amphetamine salts XR; and the nonstimulant atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. There is need for additional study of treatment strategies for adult ADHD. Although all classes of ADHD medications are approved in adults, there are fewer approved formulations for adults than for children. Efficacy in adults is more subjective than in children, which may affect how efficacy rates for adult treatments are calculated. Adults also present a greater diversion risk than children. In addition, there are several new and emerging medication treatments worth considering.This Expert Roundtable Supplement represents part 2 of a 3-part supplement series on adult ADHD led by Lenard A. Adler, MD. In this activity, Thomas J. Spencer, MD, discusses the neurobiology and genetics of adult ADHD; Mark A. Stein, PhD, discusses stimulant therapy; and Jeffrey H. Newcorn, MD, reviews nonstimulants and psychosocial treatments.

Personality Traits and Disorders Among Adult ADHD Patients: Is Borderline Personality Disorder as Common as we Expect?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S258-S258 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Oliva ◽  
S. Bramante ◽  
A. Portigliatti Pomeri ◽  
C. Carezana ◽  
G. Nibbio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cluster A ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Low Prevalence

IntroductionPatients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have shown a high risk to develop a DSM cluster B (i.e., Borderline, OR = 13.16; Antisocial, OR = 3.03; Narcissistic, OR = 8.69) and DSM Avoidant personality disorder (OR = 9.77). Similarly, higher rates of DSM cluster B personality disorder were found among adult ADHD patients (6-25%) than general population. Although some authors investigated the prevalence of personality traits and disorders among adult ADHD patients, no studies have been yet reported about the assessment of Millon's Evolution-Based Personality profiles in adult ADHD patients.AimsTo explore the prevalence of personality traits and disorders among adult ADHD patients.MethodsMillon's personality traits and disorders were assessed in a consecutive sample of 35 adult ADHD outpatients accessing the Service for Adult ADHD of the AOU San Luigi Gonzaga (Orbassano, TO) using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III (MCMI-III).ResultsAccording to the MCMI-III manual, ADHD patients in our sample showed more frequently both Cluster C and Cluster A traits and disorders, with a high prevalence of avoidant/depressive (8.6%/14.3%) and negativistic/self-defeating (20%/5.7%) personality disorders. Conversely, we found a low prevalence of Narcissistic (5.7%) and Histrionic (5.7%) traits, and no patient showed Borderline personality traits or disorder.ConclusionsUnexpectedly, the dimensional assessment of adult ADHD personality reveals a high prevalence of cluster C and cluster A personality traits and disorders, and a low prevalence of cluster B personality disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Oral administration of Lactococcus lactis WHH2078 alleviates depressive and anxiety symptoms in mice with induced chronic stress

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Gao ◽  
Aitak Farzi ◽  
Xueqin Ke ◽  
Yunxia Yu ◽  
Cailin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
High Prevalence Rate ◽  
High Prevalence

Depression is a mood disorder with a high prevalence rate globally, which is associated with abnormalities in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that certain probiotics that modulate 5-HT metabolism...

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