Personality disorders and affective temperament in unipolar and bipolar mood disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S536-S536
Author(s):  
A. Nivoli ◽  
L. Floris ◽  
M. Antonioli ◽  
L. Folini ◽  
L.F. Nivoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Bipolar Mood Disorder ◽  
Affective Temperament ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionPersonality disorders (PD) and Affective temperaments (AT) have been considered vulnerability factors for the development of mood disorder (MD).ObjectiveTo study the simultaneous presence of PD and AT in patients with DU and differences between unipolar depression (DD) and bipolar disorder BD.MethodsAn observational study was conducted. Patients were administered the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego questionnaire (TEMPS-A) for AT and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II) for PD. The interrelationships of the different PD and AT were studied by factor analysis (principal component analysis, PCA) (orthogonal rotation, Varimax).ResultsParticipants were 156 adult patients with MD, 37.1% with DD and 62.9% with BD. DD patients presented with significantly more paranoid PD (P = 0.009), depressive (P = 0.029), anxious (P = 0.009) and irritable temperament (P = 0.006) compared to BD. PCA results showed four significant factors, explaining the 63.1% of total variance, corresponding to four potential groups of patients with specific PD and AT associations.ConclusionThe comorbidity between MD and PD and AT may differentiate DD from BD. Specific patterns of comorbidity may be useful as they may substantially influence the course of the mood disorders and how patients respond to treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The genetic epidemiology of personality disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Candidate Gene Association ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

Genetic epidemiologic studies indicate that all ten personality disorders (PDs) classified on the DSM-IV axis II are modestly to moderately heritable. Shared environmental and nonadditive genetic factors are of minor or no importance. No sex differences have been identified, Multivariate studies suggest that the extensive comorbidity between the PDs can be explained by three common genetic and environmental risk factors. The genetic factors do not reflect the DSM-IV cluster structure, but rather: i) broad vulnerability to PD pathology or negative emotionality; ii) high impulsivity/low agreeableness; and iii) introversion. Common genetic and environmental liability factors contribute to comorbidity between pairs or clusters of axis I and axis II disorders. Molecular genetic studies of PDs, mostly candidate gene association studies, indicate that genes linked to neurotransmitter pathways, especially in the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, are involved. Future studies, using newer methods like genome-wide association, might take advantage of the use of endophenotypes.

scholarly journals DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders and suicide and attempted suicide in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsheng Tong ◽  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
Kenneth R. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThere are meagre data on Axis II personality disorders and suicidal behaviour in China.AimsTo describe the prevalence of Axis II personality disorders in suicides and suicide attempts in China and to estimate risk for these outcomes associated with personality disorders.MethodPeople who died by suicide (n = 151), people who attempted suicide (n = 118) and living community controls (n = 140) were randomly sampled from four Chinese counties and studied using the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). We also determined the prevalence of subthreshold versions of ten DSM-IV personality disorders.ResultsAxis II personality disorders were present in 7% of the suicide group, 6% of the suicide attempt group and 1% of the control group. Threshold and subthreshold personality disorders had adjusted odds ratios (point estimates) in the range of 2.7–8.0 for suicide and for suicide attempts.ConclusionsAxis II personality disorders may confer increased risk for suicidal behaviour in China, but their low prevalence in the community and among people with suicidal behaviour suggests that other personality constructs such as select dimensional traits may be a more fruitful avenue for understanding and preventing suicide in China.

scholarly journals Personality Disorders in Persons with Gender Identity Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Duišin ◽  
Borjanka Batinić ◽  
Jasmina Barišić ◽  
Miroslav L. Djordjevic ◽  
Svetlana Vujović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Gender Identity Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Sex Reassignment Surgery ◽  
Sex Reassignment ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background.Investigations in the field of gender identity disorder (GID) have been mostly related to psychiatric comorbidity and severe psychiatric disorders, but have focused less on personality and personality disorders (PDs).Aims.The aim of the study was to assess the presence of PDs in persons with GID as compared to cisgendered (a cisgender person is a person who is content to remain the gender they were assigned at birth) heterosexuals, as well as to biological sex.Methods.The study sample consisted of 30 persons with GID and 30 cisgendered heterosexuals from the general population. The assessment of PDs was conducted by application of the self-administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II PDs (SCID-II).Results.Persons with GID compared to cisgender heterosexuals have higher presence of PDs, particularly Paranoid PD, avoidant PDs, and comorbid PDs. In addition, MtF (transwomen are people assigned male at birth who identify as women) persons are characterized by a more severe psychopathological profile.Conclusions.Assessment of PDs in persons with GID is of great importance as it comprises a key part of personalized treatment plan tailoring, as well as a prognostic factor for sex-reassignment surgery (SRS) outcome.

Interrater Reliability and Internal Consistency of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II), Version 2.0

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare Maffei ◽  
Andrea Fossati ◽  
Ilaria Agostoni ◽  
Alessandra Barraco ◽  
Maria Bagnato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Aetiological risk factors for personality disorders

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (6) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Coid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Early Environment ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
New Treatments

BackgroundElucidation of aetiological processes leading to development of Axis II disorders is important in category validation and could lead to new treatments.AimsTo establish aetiological associations between Axis II disorders and specific risk factors.MethodMale and female subjects (n=260) in maximum security hospitals and prisons were interviewed to determine DSM-III Axis II and lifetime Axis I diagnoses. Aetiological risk factors were obtained at interview and from case files. Independent statistical associations were established by logistic regression.ResultsAxis II categories were divided into four groups: (a) disorders of character development, secondary to an adverse early environment: antisocial, self-defeating and paranoid; (b) disorders of temperament, secondary to constitutional aetiology: avoidant, dependent, schizoid and schizotypal; (c) a ‘mixed’ disorder of constitutional and environmental aetiology: borderline; and (d) aetiological associations not established: narcissistic, histrionic, compulsive and passive-aggressive.ConclusionsThe study validates several Axis II categories but challenges the inclusion of others within Axis II of DSM-IV, in particular schizoid, schizotypal, avoidant and borderline personality disorders. The findings have implications for future treatment interventions.

scholarly journals Two-Year Prevalence and Stability of Individual DSM-IV Criteria for Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders: Toward a Hybrid Model of Axis II Disorders

2005 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. McGlashan ◽  
Carlos M. Grilo ◽  
Charles A. Sanislow ◽  
Elizabeth Ralevski ◽  
Leslie C. Morey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Dsm Iv

scholarly journals Prevalence, correlates, co-morbidity, and comparative disability of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1747-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIDGET F. GRANT ◽  
DEBORAH S. HASIN ◽  
FREDERICK S. STINSON ◽  
DEBORAH A. DAWSON ◽  
W. JUNE RUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background. This study addressed the prevalences, correlates, co-morbidity and disability of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and other psychiatric disorders in a large national survey of the general population, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's (NIAAA) National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). The study presents nationally representative data, for the first time, on prevalence, correlates, co-morbidity, and comparative disability of DSM-IV GAD.Method. Data are taken from a large (n=43093) representative sample of the adult USA population.Results. Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime GAD were 2·1% and 4·1%. Being female, middle-aged, widowed/separated/divorced, and low income increased risk, while being Asian, Hispanic, or Black decreased risk. GAD was highly co-morbid with substance use, and other anxiety, mood, and personality disorders. Co-morbidity in GAD was not substantially greater than for most other Axis I and II disorders. Disability and impairment in pure GAD were equivalent to pure mood disorders, but significantly greater than in pure substance use, and other anxiety and personality disorders. Individuals co-morbid for GAD and each mood disorder were more disabled than those with pure forms of GAD or each mood disorder. When co-morbid with GAD, nicotine dependence and other anxiety and personality disorders were not associated with increased disability over that associated with pure GAD, but GAD did show increased disability over that due to each of these disorders in pure form.Conclusions. Associations between GAD and Axis I and II disorders were strong and significant, with variation among specific disorders. Results strongly support GAD as an independent disorder with significant impairment and disability.

Mutual influence between mood disorders and personality disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S210-S210
Author(s):  
R. Khemakhem ◽  
W. Homri ◽  
D. Karoui ◽  
M. Mezghani ◽  
L. Mouelhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Bipolar Ii Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionSeveral studies have explored the vulnerability to mood disorders that constitute some personality traits.AimsTo study the potential relationship between mood disorders and personality disorders.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that personality disorders can be related to severe mood disorders.MethodsThis was a retrospective study including the period from January 2000 till September 2015 and related to patients in whom the diagnosis of mood disorder and personality one were retained according to the criteria of the DSM-IV TR while the sociodemographic and clinical were collected by a pre-established railing.ResultsWe included 28 patients (15 ♂, 13 ♀). The average age was 38 years. Eighteen (64.3%) patients (7 ♂, 11 ♀) are unemployed. Fifteen patients (10 ♂, 5 ♀) were schooled until secondary level. Seventeen patients (60.7%) were married. The bipolar I disorder (BD I) was most frequently founded (50%), followed by the major depressive disorder in 25% (n = 7) then by the bipolar II disorder in 21.4% (n = 6). A case of dysthymia was also noted. Half of the personality disorders were the borderline type, followed by the histrionic type in 28.6% (n = 8) then by the antisocial in 17.9% (n = 5) and finally one patient presented a paranoiac personality. The antisocial personality was significantly associated with the BD I (P = 0.011) and half of the patients with a pathological personality, presented a depressive symptomatology.ConclusionThe personality disruption is a factor of severity of the thymic disorders. Consequences on the management of patients and their response to treatments remain available.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The comorbidity of cluster C personality disorders in obsessive compulsive disorder as a marker of anxiety and depression severity

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S202-S203
Author(s):  
A. Pozza ◽  
S. Domenichetti ◽  
G.P. Mazzoni ◽  
D. Dèttore
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tailored Treatment ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionComorbid Cluster C Personality Disorders (PDs) are the most prevalent PDs in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Investigating clinical correlates associated to OCD with Cluster C PDs may allow identifying tailored treatment strategies.ObjectivesThe current study examined whether OCD with comorbid cluster C PDs is associated to more severe OCD symptoms, anxiety and depression relative to OCD with comorbid cluster B PDs or OCD alone.MethodsTwo hundred thirty-nine patients with OCD were included (mean age = 35.64, SD = 11.08, 51% females). Seventeen percent had a comorbid Cluster C PD, 8% had a comorbid Cluster B PD, and 75% had OCD alone. The Structured Clinical Interview for Axis II Disorders, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II were administered.ResultsPatients with comorbid Cluster C PDs reported more severe depression and anxiety than those with comorbid Cluster B PDs (F = 10.48, P < 0.001) or with OCD alone (F = 9.10, P < 0.001). Patients with comorbid Cluster C PDs had more severe OCD symptoms than those with OCD alone but not than those with comorbid Cluster B PDs (F = 3.12, P < 0.05).ConclusionsOCD with Cluster C PDs could be a subtype with more severe anxiety and depression. These findings could be explained with the fact that Cluster C PDs are characterized by behaviours, which can be seen as maladaptive attempts to cope with anxiety and depression. Tailored treatment strategies for OCD with comorbid Cluster C PDs are discussed to target co-occurring anxiety and depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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