scholarly journals N Balance and Requirements Under Different N Management Practices in a No-Till Perennial Rice Cropping System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangfu Huang ◽  
Yujiao Zhang ◽  
Shilai Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Shuxian Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
N Management ◽  
N Use

Abstract Aims: In the absence of tillage, perennial rice is an innovation and supplement to rice production. Evaluating crop N uptake and N requirements and maintaining soil N balance are essential for informing decisions regarding optimal N management and the accessibility of the soil environment benefits of perennial rice cropping systems. Methods: To assess the soil nitrogen cycle and balance, formulate optimal N fertilizer management for perennial rice, a field experiment with four nitrogen rates (N0, N1, N2 and N3 refer to 0, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1, respectively) integrated with three planting densities (D1, D2 and D3 refer to 100×103, 167×103 and 226×103 plants ha-1, respectively) was conducted for two years over four seasons (2016-2017) in southern China. Results: The results showed that N2D3 mode could sustainably produce higher dry matter accumulation (15.15 t ha-1) and grain yields (7.67 t ha-1) over four seasons, showed significantly higher N uptake (201 kg ha-1 each season) and less soil N loss (27.1%). Additionally, the N2D3 mode could reach the optimal N balance (-0.2 kg ha-1) in perennial rice fields with low N requirements (23.9 kg N Mg-1 grain), resulting in higher N use efficiency (NAE: 26.5 kg N kg-1, NRE: 64.9%). Conclusion: In the perennial rice cropping system, 180 kg N ha-1 integrated with 226×103 plants ha-1 resulted in higher grain yields with lower N requirements, higher N use efficiencies, and lower soil N losses, thereby maintaining the soil N balance for sustainable perennial rice production.

Effects of contrasted cropping systems on yield and N balance of upland rainfed rice in Madagascar: Inputs from the DSSAT model

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-370
Author(s):  
Julie Dusserre ◽  
Patrice Autfray ◽  
Miora Rakotoarivelo ◽  
Tatiana Rakotoson ◽  
Louis-Marie Raboin
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Experimental Conditions

AbstractIn response to the extensive development of upland rice on the hillsides of the Malagasy highlands, alternative cropping systems have been designed based on conservation agriculture (CA). As the promotion of CA in smallholder farming systems is still the subject of debate, its potential benefits for smallholder farmers require further assessment. In the context of resource-poor farmers and low-input production systems, nitrogen (N) is a major limiting nutrient. The effects of contrasted cropping systems have been studied on upland rice yield and N uptake in rainfed conditions: conventional tillage (CT) and CA with a mulch of maize or a legume (Stylosanthes or velvet bean). Decision Support Systems for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) crop growth model was used to quantify the soil N balance according to the season and the cropping system. The lowest yields were obtained in CA with a mulch of maize and were also associated with the lowest crop N uptake. Upland rice yields were higher or equivalent under CA with a legume mulch than under CT cropping systems. The supply of N was considerably higher in CA with a legume mulch than in CT, but due to higher leaching and immobilization in CA, the final contribution of N from the mulch to the crop was reduced although not negligible. DSSAT has been shown to be sufficiently robust and flexible to simulate the soil N balance in contrasting cropping systems. The challenge is now to evaluate the model in less contrasted experimental conditions in order to validate its use for N uptake and yield prediction in support to the optimization and design of new cropping systems.

scholarly journals Yield, nitrogen use efficiency and balance response to thirty-five years of fertilization in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Cheng ◽  
Xia Xiange ◽  
Chen Yunfeng ◽  
Qiao Yan ◽  
Liu Donghai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Input ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Optimal soil nitrogen management is vital to crop production and environment protection. Little knowledge is available on crop yield, nitrogen uptake, use efficiency and balance in paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system of China. A thirty-five-year long-term field experiment was designed with nine treatments, including an unfertilized treatment (control), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizer, manure (M), and manure combined with mineral fertilizer treatments. Crop yield, N uptake, use efficiency, and N surplus or deficit amount were determined. The results indicated that rice, wheat yield and N uptake amount in the manure combined with mineral fertilizer treatments were higher than that in the manure alone or mineral fertilizer alone treatments. N use efficiency was the highest in the treatment with manure alone. Soil N input indicated a surplus in the mineral fertilizer in combination with manure treatment, but soil N input indicated a deficit in the control, NPK and M treatments. Considering crop yields, N use efficiency and N balance, recommended N application amount is almost 220 kg N/ha/year in the paddy rice-upland wheat cropping system. Taking into account labour and fertilizer sources, half mineral N and half organic N applications were recommended.

scholarly journals Evaluation of drill seeding patterns and nitrogen management strategies for wet and dry land rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Akkas Ali ◽  
JK Ladha ◽  
J Rickman ◽  
JS Lales ◽  
M Murshedul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Available N ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
N Management ◽  
N Use

Many Asian farmers are shifting from rice transplanting to direct seeding because the latter requires less labour, time, drudgery, and cultivation cost. Direct seeding is usually practiced in either wet or dry land preparation depending on water availability. The present study aimed at evaluating the potential of single and paired rows drill seeding patterns and five N management strategies on crop productivity, N use-efficiency, and apparent N balance. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with two seeding patterns as main plots and five N treatments as subplots with three replications. Drill seeding did not affect grain yield, water, and N use-efficiencies and N balance. Grain yield increased with LCC-based N management with the lower N fertilizer input. Soil available N after 2 years of rice cropping was similar to the amount at the beginning indicating most of applied fertilizer N was lost. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14374 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 559-571, December 2012

Quantifying N response and N use efficiency in rice–wheat (RW) cropping systems under different water management

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. JING ◽  
H. VAN KEULEN ◽  
H. HENGSDIJK ◽  
W. CAO ◽  
P. S. BINDRABAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYAbout 0·10 of the food supply in China is produced in rice–wheat (RW) cropping systems. In recent decades, nitrogen (N) input associated with intensification has increased much more rapidly than N use in these systems. The resulting nitrogen surplus increases the risk of environmental pollution as well as production costs. Limited information on N dynamics in RW systems in relation to water management hampers development of management practices leading to more efficient use of nitrogen and water. The present work studied the effects of N and water management on yields of rice and wheat, and nitrogen use efficiencies (NUEs) in RW systems. A RW field experiment with nitrogen rates from 0 to 300 kg N/ha with continuously flooded and intermittently irrigated rice crops was carried out at the Jiangpu experimental station of Nanjing Agricultural University of China from 2002 to 2004 to identify improved nitrogen management practices in terms of land productivity and NUE.Nitrogen uptake by rice and wheat increased with increasing N rates, while agronomic NUE (kg grain/kg N applied) declined at rates exceeding 150 kg N/ha. The highest combined grain yields of rice and wheat were obtained at 150 and 300 kg N/ha per season in rice and wheat, respectively. Carry-over of residual N from rice to the subsequent wheat crop was limited, consistent with low soil nitrate after rice harvest. Total soil N hardly changed during the experiment, while soil nitrate was much lower after wheat than after rice harvest. Water management did not affect yield and N uptake by rice, but apparent N recovery was higher under intermittent irrigation (II). In one season, II management in rice resulted in higher yield and N uptake in the subsequent wheat season. Uptake of indigenous soil N was much higher in rice than in wheat, while in rice it was much higher than values reported in the literature, which may have consequences for nitrogen fertilizer recommendations based on indigenous N supply.

scholarly journals Significance of soil N on dry matter production and N balance in soybean/sorghum mixed cropping system

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred K. Ofosu-Budu ◽  
Daishiro Sumiyoshi ◽  
Hideaki Matsuura ◽  
Kounosuke Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Matter Production

Winter wheat growth and nitrogen demand in south coastal British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bomke ◽  
W. D. Temple ◽  
S. Yu
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Winter wheat, Triticum aestivum, is a new crop in south coastal British Columbia. The purposes of this study were to characterize plant development, dry matter accumulation and N uptake under low input and intensively managed systems as well as to assess the capability of some of the region’s soils to supply N to the crop. Grain yields, crop development and dry matter and N accumulation were similar to those reported from southern England. High amounts of winter rainfall (November–April precipitation ranged from 523 to 1111 mm) leach virtually all residual NO3 from south coastal B.C. soils and, without N fertilization, result in uniformly N deficient winter wheat. The low input N regime, 75 kg N ha−1 at Zadoks growth stage 31, plus soil N mineralized subsequent to the winter leaching period were sufficient in this study to maximize grain and total aboveground crop dry matter yields, but not to achieve adequate grain protein contents. The soils in the study were capable of supplying N in amounts sufficient to support only 30–53% of the maximum N uptake between growth stages 31 and 78. Appropriate quantities and timing of N are critical to successful production of high-yielding, good-quality wheat in south coastal British Columbia. Nitrogen management is likely to be most efficient when guided by the stage of crop development and demand and not by spring soil sampling and mineral N analysis. Key words: Winter wheat, N demand, soil N supply, crop development, intensive crop management, low input

Nitrogen dynamics of chickpea: Effects of cultivar choice, N fertilization, Rhizobium inoculation, and cropping systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gan ◽  
A M Johnston ◽  
J D Knight ◽  
C. McDonald ◽  
C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Management ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Understanding N dynamics in relation to cultural practices may help optimize N management in annual legume crops. This study was conducted at six environsites (location × year combinations) in southern Saskatchewan, 2004-2006, to quantify N uptake, N2 fixation, and N balance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in relation to cultivar choice, cropping systems, rhizobial inoculation, and soil N fertility. The cultivars Amit, CDC Anna, CDC Frontier, and CDC Xena were grown at N fertilizer rates of 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg N ha-1 with no Rhizobium and at 0, 28, and 84 kg N ha-1 combined with Rhizobium inoculation, evaluated in both conventional tilled-fallow and continuously cropped no-till systems. Flax was used as a non-N-fixing reference crop. The cultivar CDC Xena had the lowest yield (1.57 Mg ha-1) and seed N uptake (54.4 kg N ha-1), with N use efficiency (NUE, 13.2 kg seed N kg-1) being 17% less than the average of the other cultivars. Consequently, N balance (N input via fertilizer and N-fixation minus N exported) was -32.4 kg N ha-1 for CDC Xena and less negative than the average of the other cultivars (-39.8 kg N ha-1). Inoculated chickpea took up 10 kg ha-1 more N into the seed and 5 kg ha-1 more N into the straw than chickpea that was not inoculated. The amount of N fixed as a percentage of total N uptake was 15% for non-inoculated chickpea and 29% for inoculated chickpea, resulting in negative N balance regardless of cropping system. Increasing N fertilizer rates decreased NUE, with the rate of decrease being greater for non-inoculated chickpea compared with inoculated chickpea. We conclude that optimum productivity of chickpea can be achieved with application of effective Rhizobium inoculants, and that best N management practices must be adopted in the succeeding crops due to a large negative N balance after a chickpea crop.Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum, N fertilizer, N2 fixation, Rhizobium inoculants, N balance, nitrogen use efficiency, N uptake

scholarly journals Experimental warming reduces fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency in a double rice cropping system

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taotao Yang ◽  
Yanhua Zeng ◽  
Yanni Sun ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Xueming Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Rice Season ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Double Rice ◽  
Late Rice ◽  
N Use ◽  
Early Rice

Climate warming significantly affects nitrogen (N) cycling, while its effects on the use efficiency of fertilizer N are still unclear in agroecosystems. In the present study, we examined for the first time the response of fertilizer N use efficiency to experimental warming using <sup>15</sup>N labeling with a free-air temperature increase facility (infrared heaters) in a double rice cropping system. <sup>15</sup>N-urea was applied in micro-plots to trace the uptake and loss of fertilizer N. Results showed that moderate warming (i.e. an increase of 1.4°C and 2.1°C in canopy temperature for early and late rice, respectively) did not significantly affect grain yield and biomass. Warming significantly reduced N uptake from fertilizer for both early and late rice, while increased N uptake from soil. The N recovery rate of fertilizer was reduced from 35.5% in the control and to 32.3% in the warming treatments for early rice and from 47.2% to 43.1% for late rice, respectively. Warming did not affect fertilizer N loss rate in the early rice season, whereas significantly increased it from 38.9% in the control and to 42.7% in the warming treatments in the late rice season, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that climate warming may reduce fertilizer N use efficiency and increase N losses to the environment in the rice paddy.

scholarly journals Leguminous Cover Crop Astragalus sinicus Enhances Grain Yields and Nitrogen Use Efficiency through Increased Tillering in an Intensive Double-Cropping Rice System in Southern China

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Jiangwen Nie ◽  
Lixia Yi ◽  
Heshui Xu ◽  
Zhangyong Liu ◽  
Zhaohai Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Astragalus Sinicus ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
N Input ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Late Rice ◽  
N Use

Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L., vetch), a leguminous winter cover crop, has been widely adopted by farmers in southern China to boost yield of the succeeding rice crop. However, the effects of vetch on rice grain yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency have not yet been well studied in the intensive double-cropped rice cropping systems. To fill this gap, we conducted a three-year field experiment to evaluate the impacts of the vetch crop on yields and N use efficiency in the subsequent early and late rice seasons. With moderate N input (100 kg N ha−1 for each rice crop), vetch cover significantly increased grain yields by 7.3–13.4% for early rice, by 8.2–10.4% for late rice, and by 8.6–11.5% for total annual rice production when compared with winter fallow. When rice crops received an N input of 200 kg N ha−1, vetch cover increased grain yields by 5.9–18.4% for early rice, by 3.8–10.1% for late rice, and by 6.2–11.3% for annual rice production. Moreover, comparable grain yields (11.9 vs. 12.0 Mg ha−1 for annual rice production) were observed between vetch cover with moderate N and fallow with added N fertilizer. Yield components analysis indicated that the increased tillering number was the main factor for the enhanced grain yields by vetch cover. Vetch cover with moderate and higher N input resulted in higher agronomic N use efficiency and applied N recovery efficiency compared with the fallow treatments. Here, our results showed that vetch as a winter cover crop can be combined with reduced N fertilizer input while maintaining high grain yields, thus gaining a more sustainable rice production system.

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