Contribution of the early-established plant hierarchies to maize crop responses to N fertilization

RESUMO – O milho é uma planta monoica, e a geração de novos híbridos exige a remoção do pendão das plantas.Sabe-se que a remoção do pendão possui efeito negativo na produtividade da cultura. Contudo, a aplicação de Ncomplementar, via foliar, poderia minimizar essas perdas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar como o Ncomplementar afeta a produtividade e os componentes de rendimento da cultura do milho submetida ao despendoamento.O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 5, sendo duas safras(2014/15 e 2015/16), três momentos de despendoamento (sem despondoamento, arranquio de 2-3 folhas e arranquiode 4-5 folhas antes do pendoamento) e cinco doses de N complementar (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) aplicadas no estádio depré-pendoamento (VT). Não foi verificada interação N complementar X despendoamento para nenhuma das variáveisestudadas. A menor produtividade foi verificada no despendoamento de 4-5 folhas. A aplicação de N complementaraumentou a produtividade da cultura do milho, e a aplicação de 11,5 L ha-1 incrementou a produtividade em 448 kgha-1. O despendoamento diminuiu a produtividade da cultura do milho, quanto mais precoce o despendoamento, maisnegativo é o efeito na produtividade.Palavras-chave: Melhoramento genético, N complementar, pendoamento, produção de sementes, Zea mays.FOLIAR APPLICATION OF COMPLEMENTARY NITROGEN,IN MAIZE SUBJECTED TO DETASSELINGABSTRACT – Maize is a monoic plant and the generation of new hybrids requires the removal of the tassel from theplants, which has a negative effect on crop yield. However, the use of complementary leaf nitrogen (N) fertilization,could minimize the yield losses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect os the application ofcomplementary N affects on yield of the maize crop subjected to detasseling. The study was carried out in a randomizedcomplete block design, with a 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme and four replications. Two growing seasons (2014/15 and2015/16), three detasseling moments (without detasseling, detasseling of 2-3 leaves, and detasseling of 4-5 leaves)and five doses of complementary N (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) applied at the VT stage. There was no interaction betweencomplementary N and detasseling for any of the variables studied. The lowest yield was verified with the detasselingof 4-5 leaves. The application of complementary N showed a positive effect on maize yield, and the application of 11.5L ha-1 of complementary N provided yield increase of 448 kg ha-1. The detasseling technique had negative effects onmaize crop yield, the earlier is the detasseling, the more negative is the effect on yield.Keywords: Genetic improvement, Seed production, tasseling, Zea mays.

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Dry matter production and nitrogen utilization in cropping systems with grass, lucerne and maize. 2. Nitrogen yield and utilization.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v34i1.16814 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 37-47

Author(s):

J.H.J. Spiertz ◽

L. Sibma

Keyword(s):

Cropping Systems ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Fixation ◽

Maize Crop ◽

After Effects ◽

Matter Production ◽

After Effect ◽

Use Efficiency

The N yield and the N use efficiency were studied in a 3-year experiment with various cropping systems of Lolium perenne, Medicago sativa and maize. N yields of L. perenne and maize were about 450 and 200 kg/ha, resp. N yields of M. sativa ranged from about 400 to 600 kg/ha depending on crop age and weather conditions. N fixation rates of M. sativa were assessed in 1982 and ranged from 107 to 507 kg/ha for high (450 kg N/ha) and no N fertilization, resp. The after-effects of 1-, 2- and 3-year crops of L. perenne, M. sativa and maize on the DM and N yields of a test crop of maize were measured. Depending on the age of the preceding L. perenne crop, annually supplied with 450 kg N/ha, the N after-effects ranged from 120 to 175 kg/ha. The after-effect of a previous cropping with M. sativa was independent of the N dressing and ranged from 140 to 175 kg/ha. For comparison, the after-effect of a preceding maize crop ranged from 90 to 110 kg/ha. Mineral soil N reserves were determined in spring and autumn. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Effects of cowpea, crotalaria and sorghum crops and phosphorus fertilizers on maize productivity in semi-arid West Africa

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859698006182 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. MULEBA

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Green Manure ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Maize Productivity ◽

Preceding Crop ◽

Natural Rock ◽

Arid West ◽

Semi Arid

Cowpea and sorghum grain crops, fertilized with 26 kg of phosphorus (P) per ha from either a P-soluble (SP) or a slightly P-soluble fertilizer (Kodjari, a natural rock phosphate (RP) indigenous to Burkina Faso), and cowpea and crotalaria (Crotalaria retusa) green manure crops, either unfertilized or fertilized with 26 kg P/ha from RP; were studied for their effects as preceding crop treatments for maize. The experiment was conducted in semi-arid West Africa (SAWA) at Farako-Bâ in Burkina Faso in 1983–86. Nitrogen (N) and soluble P fertilized and unfertilized subtreatments, applied to maize the following year, allowed the effects of the preceding crop treatments in improving soil fertility and the direct effects of P and N fertilizers applied to the maize crop to be assessed. Maize productivity was increased both by P fertilization and by soil improvements following cowpea and crotalaria; N fertilization in excess of 60 kg N/ha was not beneficial. Cowpea grain crop treatments, especially when fertilized with a P-soluble source, maximized maize yields, whereas cowpea and crotalaria green manure treatments were either similar to the cowpea grain treatment fertilized with RP or were intermediate between the latter and the sorghum treatment fertilized with SP. Sorghum, regardless of the source of P-fertilizer used, appeared not to be a suitable preceding crop for maize in SAWA.

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Nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions from N fertilization of maize crop under no-till in a Cerrado soil

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/j.still.2015.03.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 75-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Márcio R. Martins ◽

Cláudia P. Jantalia ◽

José C. Polidoro ◽

Josimar N. Batista ◽

Bruno J.R. Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Ammonia Emissions ◽

Maize Crop ◽

No Till

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Ammonium sulphate on maize crops under no tillage

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87052012000100014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 90-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Anita Gonçalves da Silva ◽

Anny Rosi Mannigel ◽

Antonio Saraiva Muniz ◽

Simone Maria Altoé Porto ◽

Marlene Estevão Marchetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulphate ◽

Block Design ◽

Maize Yield ◽

N Fertilization ◽

No Tillage ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Maize Productivity ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tillage System ◽

Seed Sowing

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the management of N and S (as ammonium sulphate) fertilization under no-tillage system on the components of maize productivity and on N and S accumulation in the crop, as well as to evaluate the minimum value of the Nitrogen Sufficiency Index (NSI 0.95) as an indicator for side dressing requirements. The experiment had a completely randomized block design with six treatments and four replications carried out in Red Latosol dystrophic soil (Hapludox), in Campo Mourão, Paraná State, where the following treatments in summer growth maize were applied: T1- 120 kg ha-1 N in seeding; T2- 120 kg ha-1 N in side dressing; T3- 40 kg ha-1 N in seeding and 80 kg ha-1 N in side dressing; T4- 30 kg ha-1 N in seeding and 90 kg ha-1 N in side dressing, monitored by a chlorophyll meter using the Nitrogen Sufficiency Index (NSI); T5- 120 kg ha-1 N anticipated in wheat seeding; T6- without nitrogen fertilization. NSI was determined by the relationship between the leaf chlorophyll index (ICF) average of T4 plants and that one in the plot fertilized with 120 kg ha-1 N at the maize seed sowing (T1). During two years, ammonium sulphate was applied to the maize crop after wheat under no tillage system. In the first year, with adequate rainfall, the maize yield was similar to the one in which the complete ammonium sulphate dose application was done in maize seeding and side dressing. The anticipated fertilization to wheat seed sowing resulted in maize yield without difference from the parceled form. In the second year, with irregular rainfall, all treatments with N were similar and they increased maize yield compared to that without N fertilization. NSI of 0.95 was not efficient to evaluate maize N requirements in side dressing, and resulted in lower maize yield. N was accumulated mainly in the grains unlike S that accumulated in the plant shoots; both were highly correlated to maize productivity.

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Seleksi Genotipe Jagung Hibrida Toleran N Rendah

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v19n2.2013.p73-80 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

NFN Syafrudin ◽

Muhammad Azrai ◽

NFN Suwarti

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Land Development ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Efficiency ◽

Index Number ◽

Research Station ◽

Maize Crop ◽

High Productivity ◽

Selection Of

Maize Hybrid Genotypes Selection for Low N Tolerance. Syafruddin, Muhammad Azrai, and Suwarti. Most of the maize crop land development in Indonesia are defficient of N, to overcome these obstacles is generally done with N fertilizer. N fertilization beside increasing the cost of production is also causing environmental pollution. Therefore, fertilizer efficiency is required. One effort to reduce N fertilizer usage is the use of low N-tolerant genotypes. Selection of low Ntolerant maize hybrids are expected to found a low N genotypes with high productivity. The experiment was conducted in low land in May-August 2012 in the Bontobili Research Station, Gowa, South Sulawesi. A total of 32 genotypes including check entries were 4 known hybrid Bima- 2, Bima-3, Bima-4, and Bisi-2 were screened in normal rate of N application (200 kg N/ha) and low N (100 kg N/ha). The treatment used experimental randomized complete block design at each fertilization with three replications. To Determine of genotype x N interaction was used combine analysis. The result showed that in selection of tolerance genotypes for low N, beside yield as selection parameter we can also consider leaf chlorophyll, harvest index, number of kernel in ear and seed weight. Genotypes 1044-0 x 1027-11 and AMB07 x CML 161 were tolerance to low N and B11 x 11 is moderat to low N. Three of genotypes have yield equal to 4 check varieties (Bima-2, Bima-3, Bima-4, and Bisi-2). AbstrakSebagian besar lahan pengembangan tanaman jagung di Indonesia defisien N. Untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut umumnya dilakukan dengan pemupukan N. Pemupukan N di samping meningkatkan biaya produksi juga menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satu upaya untuk menekan penggunaan pupuk N adalah penggunaan genotipe yang toleran N rendah. Seleksi genotipe jagung hibrida diharapkan memperoleh genotipe toleran N rendah dengan produktivitas tetap tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan sawah pada Mei- Agustus 2012 di KP Bontobili, Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan. Sebanyak 32 genotipe termasuk empat pembanding Bima-2, Bima-3, Bima-4, dan Bisi-2 diuji pada takaran pupuk N normal (200 kg N/ha) dan N rendah (100 kg N/ha). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan kelompok pada masing-masing pemupukan dengan tiga ulangan. Untuk mengetahui interaksi antara genotipe dengan N dilakukan analisis gabungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk mendapatkan genotipe jagung toleran N rendah yang akurat di samping mempertimbangkan hasil biji, juga mempertimbangkan komponen lainnya, seperti klorofil daun, indeks panen, jumlah biji per tongkol, dan bobot biji. Genotipe 1044-9 x 1027-11 dan AMB07 x CML161 toleran N rendah dan B11 x 11 moderat terhadap N rendah, ketiga genotipe tersebut mempunyai hasil biji setara dengan varietas pembanding Bima-2, Bima-3, Bima- 4, dan Bisi-2.

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Biofortification of Silage Maize with Zinc, Iron and Selenium as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020391 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 391

Author(s):

Djordje Grujcic ◽

Atilla Mustafa Yazici ◽

Yusuf Tutus ◽

Ismail Cakmak ◽

Bal Ram Singh

Keyword(s):

N Fertilization ◽

Human Populations ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Maize Crop ◽

N Application ◽

Silage Maize ◽

Zn Uptake ◽

Zn Concentration ◽

Soil Zn

Agronomic biofortification is one of the main strategies for alleviation of micronutrient deficiencies in human populations and promoting sustainable production of food and feed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N)fertilization on biofortification of maize crop (Zea mays L.) with zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) grown on a micronutrient deficient soil under greenhouse conditions. Factorial design experiment was set under greenhouse conditions. The experiment consisted of two levels of each N, Zn, Fe and Se. The levels for N were 125 and 250 mg N kg−1 soil; Zn were 1 and 5 mg Zn kg−1 soil; levels of Fe were 0 and 10 mg Fe kg−1 soil; levels of Se were 0 and 0.02 mg Se kg−1 soil. An additional experiment was also conducted to study the effect of the Zn form applied as a ZnO or ZnSO4 on shoot growth, shoot Zn concentration and total shoot Zn uptake per plant. Shoot Zn concentrations increased by increasing soil Zn application both with ZnSO4 and ZnO treatments, but the shoot Zn concentration and total Zn uptake were much greater with ZnSO4 than the ZnO application. Under given experimental conditions, increasing soil N supply improved shoot N concentration; but had little effect on shoot dry matter production. The concentrations of Zn and Fe in shoots were significantly increased by increasing N application. In case of total uptake of Zn and Fe, the positive effect of N nutrition was more pronounced. Although Se soil treatment had significant effect, N application showed no effect on Se concentration and accumulation in maize shoots. The obtained results show that N fertilization is an effective tool in improving the Zn and Fe status of silage maize and contribute to the better-quality feed.

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Nitrogen as top-dressing and sowing densities on agronomic characteristics of maize crop

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n10p703-708 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 703-708 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antoniele de F. Serpa ◽

Marcelo C. Mendes ◽

Marcos V. Faria ◽

Fabricio W. de Ávila ◽

Kathia Szeuczuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Plant Populations ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

N Dose

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of commercial maize hybrids with modern and old architecture, under the influence of nitrogen (N) as top dressing with different plant populations. Two independent experiments were conducted, one in the municipality of Guarapuava (reduced spacing = 0.45 m) and the other in the municipality of Laranjeiras do Sul (conventional spacing = 0.90 m), in the Paraná state, Brazil, in the 2012/2013 growing seasons. The experiments were set in a randomized block design, with three replicates, in a factorial scheme (6 x 3 x 3), corresponding to six maize hybrids (with modern and old architecture), three plant populations (60000, 75000 and 90000 plants ha-1) and three N doses as top dressing (0, 90 and 180 kg ha-1 of N), both installed in October. N doses as top dressing and sowing density influenced the thousand-grain weight in maize hybrids with modern and old architecture. The increase in sowing density reduced stem diameter in the groups of modern and old architecture in Laranjeiras do Sul. Grain yield was positively influenced by N fertilization, being higher at the N dose of 180 kg ha-1 in Guarapuava and Laranjeiras do Sul.

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