scholarly journals Biofortification of Silage Maize with Zinc, Iron and Selenium as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Djordje Grujcic ◽  
Atilla Mustafa Yazici ◽  
Yusuf Tutus ◽  
Ismail Cakmak ◽  
Bal Ram Singh
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Soil Zn

Agronomic biofortification is one of the main strategies for alleviation of micronutrient deficiencies in human populations and promoting sustainable production of food and feed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N)fertilization on biofortification of maize crop (Zea mays L.) with zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) grown on a micronutrient deficient soil under greenhouse conditions. Factorial design experiment was set under greenhouse conditions. The experiment consisted of two levels of each N, Zn, Fe and Se. The levels for N were 125 and 250 mg N kg−1 soil; Zn were 1 and 5 mg Zn kg−1 soil; levels of Fe were 0 and 10 mg Fe kg−1 soil; levels of Se were 0 and 0.02 mg Se kg−1 soil. An additional experiment was also conducted to study the effect of the Zn form applied as a ZnO or ZnSO4 on shoot growth, shoot Zn concentration and total shoot Zn uptake per plant. Shoot Zn concentrations increased by increasing soil Zn application both with ZnSO4 and ZnO treatments, but the shoot Zn concentration and total Zn uptake were much greater with ZnSO4 than the ZnO application. Under given experimental conditions, increasing soil N supply improved shoot N concentration; but had little effect on shoot dry matter production. The concentrations of Zn and Fe in shoots were significantly increased by increasing N application. In case of total uptake of Zn and Fe, the positive effect of N nutrition was more pronounced. Although Se soil treatment had significant effect, N application showed no effect on Se concentration and accumulation in maize shoots. The obtained results show that N fertilization is an effective tool in improving the Zn and Fe status of silage maize and contribute to the better-quality feed.

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT RISKS AND ZN FERTILIZATION NEEDS IN ZN BIOFORTIFICATION BREEDING IN LOWLAND RICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H.C. RUBIANES ◽  
B.P. MALLIKARJUNA SWAMY ◽  
S.E. JOHNSON-BEEBOUT
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

SUMMARYAs zinc (Zn) fertilizer and water management affect the expression of Zn-enriched grain traits in rice, we studied the effect of Zn fertilizer and water management on Zn uptake and grain yield of different biofortification breeding lines and the possible biases in selection for high grain Zn content. The first field experiment showed that longer duration genotypes had higher grain Zn uptake rate than shorter duration genotypes during grain filling. In the first greenhouse experiment, neither application of Zn fertilizer at mid-tillering nor application at flowering significantly increased the grain Zn concentration. In the second greenhouse experiment, application of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) significantly increased the available soil Zn and plant Zn uptake but not grain Zn concentration. Terminal drying (TD) did not increase the available soil Zn or grain Zn contents. The second field experiment confirmed that differences in TD were not important in understanding differences between genotypes. Zn application is not always necessary to breeding trials unless there is a severe Zn deficiency and there is no need to carefully regulate TD prior to harvest.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Zinc and Biostimulants to Increase Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoxia Wang ◽  
Xiaohong Tian ◽  
Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
N Application ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Zn Bioavailability

Increasing zinc (Zn) concentration in wheat grain is an important global challenge due to high incidence of Zn deficiency in human populations. In this study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar ZnSO4 combined with various biostimulants (fulvic acid (FA), seaweed extract (SE), amino acids (AA), and microbial incubates (MI)) on Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain under different soil nitrogen (N) levels (0, 120, and 240 kg N/ha). Grain Zn concentration and bioavailability were significantly enhanced by foliar Zn plus various biostimulants and soil N supply. Compared to foliar Zn alone, foliar Zn + FA resulted in 16% increase in grain Zn, mainly from insoluble Zn increases, while foliar Zn + AA caused 11% increase in grain Zn, mainly from soluble (at N0) and insoluble Zn increases (at N120). Foliar Zn + FA and Zn + AA generally resulted in higher Zn bioavailability than foliar Zn alone. Additionally, N concentration and Fe concentration and bioavailability in grain were enhanced with foliar Zn + AA and soil N application. Thus, foliar ZnSO4 plus FA and AA under optimal soil N rate (120 kg N/ha) can be an effective and economically friendly approach for achieving agronomic biofortification.

scholarly journals Lime and zinc application influence soil zinc availability, dry matter yield and zinc uptake by maize grown on Alfisols

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib K. Behera ◽  
Arvind K. Shukla ◽  
Brahma S. Dwivedi ◽  
Brij L. Lakaria
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Lime Application

Abstract. Zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread in all types of soils of world including acid soils affecting crop production and nutritional quality of edible plant parts. There is, however, limited information available regarding effects of lime and farmyard manure (FYM) addition on soil properties, phyto-available Zn by different extractants, dry matter yield, Zn concentration and uptake by maize (Zea mays L.). Green house pot experiments were carried out in two acid soils to study the effect of five levels of lime (0, 1/10 lime requirement (LR), 1/3 LR, 2/3 LR and LR), three levels of Zn concentration (0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg Zn kg−1 soil) and two levels of FYM (0 and 10 t ha−1) addition on soil pH, EC and OC content, phyto-available Zn in soil and dry matter yield, Zn concentration and uptake by maize plant grown up to 60 days. Application of lime and FYM improved soil pH. Increased level of lime application reduced Zn extracted by DTPA, Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3, 0.1 N HCl and ABDTPA extractants. However, application of FYM along with lime improved Zn extraction. The amount of Zn extracted by different extractants followed the order DTPA-Zn < ABDTPA-Zn < Mehlich-1 Zn < 0.1 M HCl. Lime rate of 1/3rd LR was found to be optimum as dry matter yield of maize increased significantly with lime application up to 1/3rd LR in soils of both the series and decreased subsequently. Addition of FYM with and without lime increased dry matter yield. Application of Zn up to 5.0 mg kg−1 to soil increased dry matter yield with and without FYM application in soils of Hariharapur series. Addition of higher doses of lime significantly reduced Zn concentration in maize crop grown in soils of both the series. Mean Zn uptake values were at par for no lime, 1/10th LR and 1/3rd LR with and without FYM application and it was significantly higher than Zn uptake by 2/3rd LR and LR treatments. However, FYM application improved Zn uptake by maize crop. Zn extracted by different extractants like DTPA, ABDTPA, Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3 and 0.1 M HCl was positively and significantly correlated amongst themselves and with dry matter yield, Zn concentration and Zn uptake by maize.

scholarly journals Green manure effect on the ability of native and inoculated soil bacteria to mobilize zinc for wheat uptake (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Costerousse ◽  
Joel Quattrini ◽  
Roman Grüter ◽  
Emmanuel Frossard ◽  
Cécile Thonar
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Zn Availability ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Purpose Green manuring can increase the plant available fraction of zinc (Zn) in soil, making it a potential approach to increase wheat Zn concentrations and fight human Zn deficiency. We tested whether green manure increases the ability of both the native soil bacteria and inoculated Zn solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) to mobilize Zn. Methods Wheat was grown in a pot experiment with the following three factors (with or without); (i) clover addition; (ii) soil x-ray irradiation (i.e. elimination of the whole soil biota followed by re-inoculation with the native soil bacteria); and (iii) ZSB inoculation. The incorporation of clover in both the irradiated and the ZSB treatments allowed us to test green manure effects on the mobilization of Zn by indigenous soil bacteria as well as by inoculated strains. Results Inoculation with ZSB did neither increase soil Zn availability nor wheat Zn uptake. The highest soil Zn availabilities were found when clover was incorporated, particularly in the irradiated soils (containing only soil bacteria). This was partly associated with the stimulation of bacterial activity during the decomposition of the incorporated green manure. Conclusion The results support that the activity of soil bacteria is intimately involved in the mobilization of Zn following the incorporation of green manure.

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, storage losses and chemical composition of winter cabbage

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Freyman ◽  
P. M. Toivonen ◽  
W. C. Lin ◽  
P. W. Perrin ◽  
J. W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Increasing rates of field nitrogen (N) application (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg N ha−1) resulted in markedly higher yields of winter white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata 'Bartolo') due to larger head size. Glucose and fructose contents increased with increased nitrogen. In contrast, ascorbic acid and sucrose contents declined slightly with increased nitrogen. Nitrogen rate had little effect on storage losses. The results indicated that increased N fertilization provided overall benefit to cabbage production. Key words: Cabbage, nitrogen fertilization, storage losses, yield

Shoot zinc (Zn) concentration varies widely withinBrassica oleraceaL. and is affected by soil Zn and phosphorus (P) levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Broadley ◽  
Seosamh Lochlainn ◽  
John Hammond ◽  
Helen Bowen ◽  
Ismail Cakmak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Soil Zn

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and its Interaction with Temperature and Nitrogen on Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekides Woldegiorgis Gardi ◽  
Bettina I.G Haussmann ◽  
Waqas Ahmed Malik ◽  
Petra Högy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
The Mean

Abstract AimsThe general aim of this meta-analysis is to synthesize and summarise the mean response of barley yield variables to elevated CO2 (eCO2) and its interaction with temperature and N fertilization. Methods The present study quantitatively synthesized the response of barley to eCO2 and its interaction with temperature, and Nitrogen (N). A meta-analysis procedure was used to analyse five yield variables of barley extracted from 76 articles to determine the effect size and the magnitude in relation to eCO2 and its interaction with temperature and N. Results CO2 enrichment increased biomass (23.8%), grain number (24.8%), grain yield (27.4%), and thousand-grain weight (5.6%). However, responses to eCO2 were affected by genotype, additional stress, and experimental conditions. In comparison, genotype “Anakin” shows the highest response of biomass (47.1%), while “Genebank accessions” had a higher grain number (46.1%) and grain yield (57.1%) under eCO2. The maximal enhancement of barley yield was observed when plants grow under a combination of eCO2 and higher nitrogen fertilizer (>100 kg ha-1). Nevertheless, biomass (-12%), and grain yield (-17%) responses were lower when eCO2 is combined with high temperature (>25 °C). It was further noted the response of barley yield to eCO2 was higher in the growth chamber than in other CO2 exposure methods. Moreover, comparing pot-rooted versus field-rooted barley plants, a higher response of biomass and grain yield was observed for pot-rooted plants. ConclusionsOverall, results suggest that the maximal barley production under eCO2 will be obtained in combination with high nitrogen fertilizer and optimal temperature (21-25 °C).

scholarly journals Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Silit Lazare ◽  
Yang Lyu ◽  
Uri Yermiyahu ◽  
Yehuda Heler ◽  
Alon Ben-Gal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Vegetative Indices ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Usage Efficiency

Quantification of actual plant consumption of nitrogen (N) is necessary to optimize fertilization efficiency and minimize contamination of earth resources. We examined the performance of fruit-bearing pomegranate trees grown in soilless media and exposed to eight N-fertigation treatments, from 5 to 200 mg N L−1. Reproductive and vegetative indices were found to be optimal when 20 to 70 mg N L−1 was supplied. Nitrogen application levels over 70 mg L−1 reduced pomegranate development and reproduction. N uptake in low-level treatments was almost 100% and decreased gradually, down to 13% in 200 mg N L−1 treatment. N usage efficiency was maximized under 20 mg N L−1, in which case 80% to 90% of added N was taken up by the trees. At high N application, its efficiency was reduced with less than 50% utilized by the trees. Leaf N increased to a plateau as a function of increasing irrigation solution N, maximizing at ~15 to 20 mg N g−1. Therefore, analysis of diagnostic leaves is not a valid method to identify excessive detrimental N. The results should be valuable in the development of efficient, sustainable, environmentally responsible protocols for N fertilization in commercial pomegranate orchards, following adaptation and validation to real soil field conditions.

Early stage variable rate nitrogen fertilization of silage maize driven by multi-temporal clustering of archive satellite data

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Casa ◽  
F. Pelosi ◽  
S. Pascucci ◽  
F. Fontana ◽  
F. Castaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Multi Temporal

Nitrogen fertilization of silage maize in Central Italy is typically carried out with two applications at early stages of crop development: 2nd (V2) and 6th (V6) leaf respectively. In such conditions, the crop has not yet fully covered the soil and proximal or remote sensing of the canopy is hindered by the strong soil background signal. There is thus great interest in rapid and inexpensive approaches to N fertilization prescription. Therefore, an indirect method for inferring information on yield potential and soil variability, through a field-based clustering of multi-temporal satellite data, has been developed using archive Landsat images to identify temporally constant patterns. This method is potentially useful for the creation of prescription maps. The usefulness of the method was evaluated during an N fertilisation field trial in Maccarese (Central Italy), in 2016. At the V2 stage, both uniform and variable rate applications were performed and compared. A pseudo-cross variogram and a standardized ordinary co-kriging methodology was used to highlight spatially variable significant differences among the treatments.

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