scholarly journals Estimating early season growth and biomass of field pea for selection of divergent ideotypes using proximal sensing

2022 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 108407
Author(s):  
Abeya Temesgen Tefera ◽  
Bikram Pratap Banerjee ◽  
Babu Ram Pandey ◽  
Laura James ◽  
Ramesh Raj Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Pea ◽  
Proximal Sensing ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Selection Of

Evaluation of Cereal and Brassicaceae Cover Crops in Conservation-Tillage, Enhanced, Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Marilyn McClelland ◽  
Griff Griffith ◽  
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ◽  
Joshua Still
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Selection Of

Research was conducted for 2 yr at Marianna, AR, to determine whether the fall-planted cover crops rye, wheat, turnip, and a blend of brown and white mustard (Caliente) would aid weed management programs in conservation-tilled, enhanced, glyphosate-resistant cotton. Wheat and rye easily were established both years and turnip and mustard blend stands were better in the second year. The cover crops alone were more suppressive of Palmer amaranth, pitted morningglory, and goosegrass in 2007 than in 2008. Rye was generally superior to wheat in suppressing the three evaluated weeds. Once herbicides were applied, there were seldom differences among cover crops for a particular herbicide program as a result of the highly efficacious herbicide programs. Cotton yields were not affected by wheat, rye, or the mustard blend, but yields were lowest in plots that followed turnip both years, possibly because of allelopathy. Integration of cover crops, especially cereals, into conservation-tilled, glyphosate-resistant cotton aided early-season weed management and could reduce the selection of glyphosate for herbicide resistance.

Selection of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar and growing site improves germination and uniformity for sprout production

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. F. Fowler ◽  
D. W. Turner ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
Seed Water Content ◽  
Selection Of

Uniform imbibition and germination of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds is very important for sprout production for human consumption. The imbibition and germination of 3 cultivars of field pea, Dunwa, Dundale, and Helena, each grown at Mullewa, Merredin, and Scaddan in the grainbelt of Western Australia, were investigated in laboratory experiments. The ability of field pea to germinate was affected by cultivar and the environment under which seed development occurred on the parent plant. Averaged over locations, germination of the cv. Dundale (82%) was lower than of Dunwa (93%) or Helena (95%). Germination of seeds ranged from 85% for those grown at Merredin to 91% at Scaddan and 94% at Mullewa. The effect of growing location on germination was most pronounced in cv. Dundale from Merredin where the largest number of hard seeds was observed. Initial seed water content was positively (r2 = 0.55*) correlated with germination across cultivars and sites. Small and large seeds within a seed lot with the same initial seed water content had a similar germination percentage. During imbibition, water entered the seed through the strophiole and this would be an appropriate place to look for a mechanism that affects imbibition. Careful selection of cultivar and favourable growing site should improve germination for the sprout producer.

Proximal sensing for monitoring the productivity of a permanent Mediterranean pasture: influence of rainfall patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 796-801
Author(s):  
J. Serrano ◽  
S. Shahidian ◽  
J. Marques da Silva ◽  
F. Moral ◽  
F. Rebollo
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Proximal Sensing ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Mediterranean Pasture ◽  
Capacitance Probe ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
Induction Sensor ◽  
Selection Of

The main objective of this work was to evaluate technologies that have potential for monitoring aspects related to spatial and temporal variability of soil nutrients and pasture yield and for support to decision making by the farmers. Three types of sensors were evaluated: an electromagnetic induction sensor, an active optical sensor and a capacitance probe. The results are relevant for the selection of the adequate sensing system for each particular application and to open new perspectives for other works that would allow the testing, calibration and validation of the sensors in a wider range of pasture production conditions and rainfall patterns, characteristic of the Mediterranean region.

scholarly journals Changes in Root Anatomy of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Different Durations of Early Season Drought

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuengsap Thangthong ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Tasanai Punjansing ◽  
Craig K. Kvien ◽  
Thawan Kesmala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Selection Of

Changes in the anatomical structure of peanut roots due to early season drought will likely affect the water acquiring capacity of the root system. Yet, as important as these changes are likely to be in conferring drought resistance, they have not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different durations of drought on the root anatomy of peanut in response to early season drought. Plants of peanut genotype ICGV 98305 were grown in rhizoboxes with an internal dimension of 50 cm in width, 10 cm in thickness and 120 cm in height. Fourteen days after emergence, water was withheld for periods of 0, 7, 14 or 21 days. After these drought periods, the first and second order roots from 0–20 cm below soil surface were sampled for anatomical observation. The mean xylem vessel diameter of first- order lateral roots was higher than that of second- order lateral roots. Under early season drought stress root anatomy changes were more pronounced in the longer drought period treatments. Twenty-one days after imposing water stress, the drought treatment and irrigated treatment were clearly different in diameter, number and area of xylem vessels of first- and second-order lateral roots. Plants under drought conditions had a smaller diameter and area of xylem vessels than did the plants under irrigated control. The ability of plants to change root anatomy likely improves water uptake and transport and this may be an important mechanism for drought tolerance. The information will be useful for the selection of drought durations for evaluation of root anatomy related to drought resistance and the selection of key traits for drought resistance.

Selection of high-yielding, high-tech varieties of field pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Ayupov ◽  
F. A. Davletov ◽  
I. G. Asylbaev ◽  
I. Yu. Kuznetsov ◽  
I. I. Davletov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Level ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
State Register ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Selection Of

One of the major challenges facing the selection of leguminous crops, and pea in particular, is to increase their technological properties and yield. An important problem is also the increase of protein content in the seeds. The aim of this work was to create a high-tech variety of field peas with a short growing period. By repeated individual selection from the hybrid population of the Chishminsky 95 × Usach field pea, a precocious, highly productive PamyatiHangildina variety of pea (leafless) was obtained. The combination of new mutant traits in one plant (seed shedding - def gene, leafless type - af gene) and elements of productivity structure with optimal level of their development allowed the variety to successfully pass all tests and in 2012 it was included in the State Register of Selection Achievements of the Russian Federation . For an average of 5 years of competitive testing, the variety had a seed yield of 1.62 t/ha, exceeding the standard (control) by 0.67 t/ha. The created variety has a short growing period and a high content of protein in the seeds. The research results could be successfully used in the selection of improved peas.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Response to Selection for Early Season Fruit Production in California Strawberry Seedling (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) Populations

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas V. Shaw ◽  
Kirk D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Intensities ◽  
Opportunity For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The genetic opportunity for selection of early fruiting strawberry cultivars was evaluated using seedling populations from the Univ. of California (UC) breeding program in three years. Narrow-sense heritabilities for early season yield and for the proportion of an individual's total yield expressed early were moderate (h2 = 0.24-0.53) and broad-sense heritabilities were slightly larger (H2 = 0.31-0.70), suggesting the presence of some nonadditive genetic variance for these traits. These two traits were genetically correlated with each other (rg = 0.78-0.98), but only early yield was consistently genetically correlated with seasonal yield (rg = 0.52-0.82). Selection was performed for each trait using an index on full-sib family means and individual phenotypic values in two of the three years, and predicted response was compared with that obtained using vegetatively propagated runner plants from selected genotypes in the subsequent fruiting season. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) selection response was obtained in one of two years for each trait, and combined analysis demonstrated highly significant (P < 0.01) response for both traits. However, realized response over all traits and years was just 27.3% of that predicted based on the estimated heritabilities and applied selection intensities. These results suggest that selection for early yield should be based at least in part on runner plant evaluations rather than exclusively on seedling performance.

Techniques for Selection of Glyphosate-Tolerant Field Pea, Pisum sativum, Cultivars

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Samuel P. Yenne ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
Duane J. Letourneau ◽  
Dick L. Auld ◽  
Lloyd C. Haderlie
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Exposure Technique ◽  
Selection Of

The tolerance of several field pea cultivars to glyphosate was compared in the laboratory and greenhouse, using root, foliar, and tissue culture exposure techniques. Pea cultivar response among glyphosate exposure techniques did not always agree. However, the cultivar ‘Alaska’ was consistently one of the most susceptible cultivars regardless of exposure technique. ‘Melrose’ was one of the most tolerant cultivars, especially when its roots and cells were exposed to glyphosate. The response of ‘Frogel’, ‘Glacier’, and other cultivars varied among glyphosate-exposure techniques.

Cognitive gadgets and cognitive priors

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document