Bovine lactoferrin hydrolysate (BLH) was prepared with pepsin, fortified with Cu2+ (Mn2+) 0.64 and 1.28 (0.28 and 0.56) mg/g protein, and then assessed for their activity against human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. BLH and the four fortified BLH products dose- and time-dependently had growth inhibition on the cells in both short- and long-time experiments. These samples at dose level of 25 mg/mL could stop cell-cycle progression at the G0/G1-phase, damage mitochondrial membrane, and induce cell apoptosis. In total, the fortified BLH products had higher activities in the cells than BLH alone. Moreover, higher Cu/Mn fortification level brought higher effects, and Mn was more effective than Cu to increase these effects. In the treated cells, the apoptosis-related proteins such as Bad, Bax, p53, cytochrome c, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were up-regulated, while Bcl-2 was down-regulated. Caspase-3 activation was also evidenced using a caspase-3 inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk. Thus, Cu- and especially Mn-fortification of BLH brought health benefits such as increased anti-cancer activity in the BGC-823 cells via activating the apoptosis-related proteins to induce cell apoptosis.
Targeted point mutations of the m6A modification in miR675 using RNA-guided base editing induce cell apoptosis
