Thermal denaturation of proteins in the muscle fibre and connective tissue from bovine muscles composed of type I (masseter) or type II (cutaneous trunci) fibres: DSC and FTIR microspectroscopy study

1. The glycogen-depletion patterns were studied as a measure of muscle-fibre recruitment in patients after leg injuries (fractures, ligament injuries). Intermittent isometric and dynamic isokinetic knee extension were performed with 30 and 50% of the maximal isometric torque of the injured leg. In a third group isokinetic and dynamic exercise with weights were compared by using maximal effort procedures. 2. The 30% maximal voluntary contraction programme, which corresponded to 16% of maximal voluntary contraction of the non-injured leg, resulted in glycogen depletion of type I fibres, which was significant only in the isometric exercise. In the 50% maximal voluntary contraction programme (41% of maximal voluntary contraction of the non-injured leg) depletion of type II fibres dominated and was significant with isometric exercises. In the maximal effort programmes there was a significant depletion of type II fibres. 3. Subjects with a relatively large reduction in strength or a small number of type I fibres demonstrated more depletion of these fibres than other subjects. 4. In patients with moderately reduced muscle strength and muscle fibre atrophy static or dynamic exercises using at least 50% of the actual maximal voluntary contraction can thus be used to recruit and train type II fibres.

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DNA Interaction with 57Co-Bleomycin

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1620585 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 21 (06) ◽

pp. 232-235. ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Kakinuma ◽

H. Orii

Keyword(s):

Dna Binding ◽

Association Constant ◽

Thermal Denaturation ◽

Dna Interaction ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Fluorescence Study ◽

Binding Behavior ◽

Thermal Denaturation Study ◽

The Difference

Tumor-diagnostic 57Co-bleomycin is a mixture of two isomers: types I and II. Interaction between these and DNA was studied by fluorescence spectrometry and thermal denaturation. The fluorescence study indicated that cobalt chelation resulted in a remarkable increase in the apparent DNA-bleomycin association constant and a slight increase in bleomy-cin-DNA binding; a remarkable difference was observed between the two isomers. In the thermal denaturation study, the difference of DNA binding behavior was also observed. The tumor affinity of these isomers was slightly different, and type I isomer showed higher tumor affinity than type II. These results indicate that cobalt chelation to bleomycin enhances DNA-bleomycin binding and its DNA binding stability, and these mechanisms, although not fully understood, appear to underly the difference in tumor affinity of cobalt-bleomycin isomers.

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Relaxation Rate of Constituent Muscle-Fibre Types in Human Quadriceps

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0560047 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 47-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

C. M. Wiles ◽

A. Young ◽

D. A. Jones ◽

R. H. T. Edwards

Keyword(s):

Relaxation Rate ◽

Muscle Fibre ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Muscle Fibre Types ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Isometric Contractions ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Fibre Type Composition

1. Muscle fibres may be subdivided into type I (with slow-twitch contractile properties) and type II (fast-twitch) depending on their myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity. In voluntary isometric contractions type I fibres are utilized at low forces (<20% of maximum) whereas type II fibres are recruited in addition at high forces. This physiological recruitment order has enabled us to measure the relaxation rate of type I and II fibres in vivo in normal human subjects. 2. Relaxation rate was measured in 16 subjects from low (10% of maximum) and maximum isometric quadriceps contractions and the muscle-fibre type composition determined from needle-biopsy specimens in 10 subjects. The relaxation rate of type II fibres was calculated to be twice as fast as that of type I. 3. It was not possible to estimate, from studies in 33 quadriceps muscles (25 normal subjects), the contribution of type II fibres to overall fibre area from the relaxation rate as determined from electrically stimulated isometric contractions.

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Hyperplasia of Type II Pneumocytes in Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2000-124-1642-hotipi ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 124 (11) ◽

pp. 1642-1648 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kazuhiro Matsui ◽

William K. Riemenschneider ◽

Stephen L. Hilbert ◽

Zu-Xi Yu ◽

Kazuyo Takeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽

Nuclear Antigen ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽

Microscopic Studies

Abstract Background.—Little is known of the morphology of the pneumocytes lining the parenchymal cysts in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Objective.—To evaluate the structural characteristics of the alveolar epithelial cells in LAM. Methods.—Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies were performed on lung tissue from 22 women with pulmonary LAM. Results.—Epithelial cells that reacted with PE-10 (a mouse monoclonal antibody that recognizes the surfactant apoprotein A in type II pneumocytes) and TTF-1 (an antibody that identifies nuclear transcription factor found in type II pneumocytes) were the predominant cell type lining the surfaces of lesions of LAM and normal areas of lung. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies confirmed that these cells were type II pneumocytes as demonstrated by (1) apical microvilli, (2) electron-dense lamellar bodies, and (3) cytoplasmic projections that extended from the basal surfaces into the underlying connective tissue, where they made extensive contact with interstitial connective tissue cells. A few cells had morphologic characteristics of type I pneumocytes, including large flat surfaces lacking microvilli. Cells that appeared intermediate between type I and type II pneumocytes were observed occasionally. Conclusions.—These observations and the reactivity of these cells with antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen demonstrate that extensive hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes is a major characteristic of LAM.

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Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067522 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 106-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronald S. Weinstein ◽

N. Scott McNutt

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

General Hospital ◽

Massachusetts General Hospital ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Collaborative Effort ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

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Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111367 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 250-251

Author(s):

G. D. Gagne ◽

M. F. Miller ◽

D. A. Peterson

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Experimental Infection ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Type I ◽

Cellular Injury ◽

Type Ii ◽

Tubular Structures ◽

Type Iii ◽

Type Iv ◽

Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

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Comparative surface and ultrastructural views of methylotrophic bacteria by TEM, STEM, SE, and freeze-etch electron microscopy.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128274 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 792-793

Author(s):

T.A. Fassel ◽

M.J. Schaller ◽

M.E. Lidstrom ◽

C.C. Remsen

Keyword(s):

Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽

Structural Features ◽

Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Membrane Complex ◽

Oxidation Of Methane ◽

Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽

Wall Structures ◽

Methylomonas Albus

Methylotrophic bacteria play an Important role in the environment in the oxidation of methane and methanol. Extensive intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) have been associated with the oxidation processes in methylotrophs and chemolithotrophic bacteria. Classification on the basis of ICM arrangement distinguishes 2 types of methylotrophs. Bundles or vesicular stacks of ICM located away from the cytoplasmic membrane and extending into the cytoplasm are present in Type I methylotrophs. In Type II methylotrophs, the ICM form pairs of peripheral membranes located parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Complex cell wall structures of tightly packed cup-shaped subunits have been described in strains of marine and freshwater phototrophic sulfur bacteria and several strains of methane oxidizing bacteria. We examined the ultrastructure of the methylotrophs with particular view of the ICM and surface structural features, between representatives of the Type I Methylomonas albus (BG8), and Type II Methylosinus trichosporium (OB-36).

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