In vitro intestinal epithelium responses to titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are extensively used in a wide range of applications; however, many reports have investigated their nanotoxicological effect at the molecular level either in vitro or in vivo systems. The defensive roles of quercetin (Qur) or idebenone (Id) against the hepatotoxicity induced by TiO2-NPs were evaluated in the current study. The results showed that the coadministration of Qur or Id to rats intoxicated with TiO2-NPs markedly ameliorated the elevation in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), serum alanine amino-transferase (ALT), glucose, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), immunoglobin G (IgG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to their levels in TiO2-NPs-treated rats. The aforementioned antioxidants also effectively modulated the changes in the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), hepatic DNA breakage, caspase-3, and inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450s; CYP4502E12E1) in rat livers induced by TiO2-NPs toxicity. The histopathological examination of the liver section showed that TiO2-NPs caused severe degeneration of most hepatocytes with an increase in collagen in the portal region, while treatment with the antioxidants in question improved liver architecture. These outcomes supported the use of Qur and Id as protective agents against the hepatotoxicity induced by TiO2-NPs and other hepatotoxic drugs.

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Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce DNA Damage in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Polyposis coli, Colon Cancer Patients and Healthy Individuals: An Ex Vivo/In Vitro Study

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2017.14691 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 9274-9285 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Malgorzata Kurzawa-Zegota ◽

Vyom Sharma ◽

Mojgan Najafzadeh ◽

P. Dominic Reynolds ◽

Justin P Davies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Polyposis Coli

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Fabrication & Characterization of Chitosan Coated Biologically Synthesized TiO2 Nanoparticles against PDR E. coli of Veterinary Origin

Advances in Polymer Technology ◽

10.1155/2020/8456024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Naheed Zafar ◽

Bushra Uzair ◽

Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi ◽

Shamaila Sajjad ◽

Ghufrana Samin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Potential Threat ◽

E Coli

Treatment of pandrug resistant (PDR) Escherichia coli strain is the leading causative agent of bovine mastitis worldwide. Hence, becoming a potential threat to veterinary and public health. Therefore, to control the infection new nontoxic, biocompatible antimicrobial formulation with enhanced antibacterial activity is massively required. Current study was planned to synthesize chitosan coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (CS-NPs coated TiO2). Coating was being done by chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) using ionic gelation method. Aqueous solution of Moringa concanensis leaf extract was used to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). The synthesized nanoformulations were characterized by using XRD, SEM, and FTIR. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the crystalline phase of TiO2 NPs and CS-NPs coated TiO2 NPs. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed spherical shaped nanoparticles size of chitosan NPs ranging from 19–25 nm and TiO2 NPs 35–50 nm. Thesize of CS-NPs coated TiO2 NPs was in the range of 65–75 nm. The UV-Vis Spectra and band gap values illustrated the red shift in CS-NPs coated TiO2 NPs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the linkages between TiO2 NPs and chitosan biopolymer, Zeta potential confirmed the stability of CS-NPs coated TiO2 NPs by showing 95 mV peak value. In-vitro antibacterial activity of CS-NPs coated TiO2 NPs and Uncoated TiO2 NPs was evaluated by disc diffusion method against PDR strain of E. coli isolated from mastitic milk samples. The antibacterial activity of all the synthesized nanoformulations were noted and highest antibacterial activity was shown by CS-NPs coated TiO2-NPs against pandrug resistant (PDR) E. coli strain with the prominent zone of inhibition of 23 mm. Morphological changes of E. coli cells after the treatment with MIC concentration (0.78 μg/ml) of CS-NPs coated TiO2 NPs were studied by transmission electron microscopy TEM showedrigorous morphological defectand has distorted the general appearance of the E. coli cells. Cytotoxicity (HepG2 cell line) and hemolytic (human blood) studies confirmed nontoxic/biocompatible nature of CS-NPs coated biologically synthesized TiO2 NPs. The results suggested that biologically synthesized and surface modified TiO2 NPs by mucoadhesive polysaccharides (e.g. chitosan) coating would be an effective and non-toxic alternative therapeutic agent to be used in livestock industry to control drug resistant veterinary pathogens.

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Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Elicit Lower Direct Inhibitory Effect on Human Gut Microbiota Than Silver Nanoparticles

Toxicological Sciences ◽

10.1093/toxsci/kfz183 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 172 (2) ◽

pp. 411-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Richard T Agans ◽

Alex Gordon ◽

Saber Hussain ◽

Oleg Paliy

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Close Association ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiota

Abstract Due to continued technological development, people increasingly come in contact with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that are now used in foods and many industrial applications. Many ENMs have historically been shown to possess antimicrobial properties, which has sparked concern for how dietary nanomaterials impact gastrointestinal health via microbial dysbiosis. We employed an in vitro Human Gut Simulator system to examine interactions of dietary nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) with human gut microbiota. Electron microscopy indicated a close association of TiO2 particles with bacterial cells. Addition of TiO2 to microbial communities led to a modest reduction in community density but had no impact on community diversity and evenness. In contrast, administration of known antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (NPs) in a control experiment resulted in a drastic reduction of population density. In both cases, communities recovered once the addition of nanomaterials was ceased. Constrained ordination analysis of community profiles revealed that simulated colonic region was the primary determinant of microbiota composition. Accordingly, predicted community functional capacity and measured production of short-chain fatty acids were not changed significantly upon microbiota exposure to TiO2. We conclude that tested TiO2 NPs have limited direct effect on human gut microbiota.

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Exploration of cytotoxic and genotoxic endpoints following sub-chronic oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233719879611 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

pp. 577-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Srijita Chakrabarti ◽

Danswrang Goyary ◽

Sanjeev Karmakar ◽

Pronobesh Chattopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Chromosomal Breakage ◽

Flow Cytometric ◽

Higher Doses

Health hazards of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have raised severe concerns because of the paucity of information regarding the toxic effects among the population. In the present research, the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic potential of TiO2-NPs were evaluated using flow cytometric techniques. Further, in vitro and in vivo genotoxic endpoints were estimated by means of comet, micronucleus (MN), and chromosomal aberration (CA) assays. In vitro analysis was performed at the concentration range of 10–100 µg/mL using murine RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo experiments were conducted on Albino mice (M/F) by exposing them to 200 and 500 mg/kg TiO2-NPs for 90 days. Decreased percentage of cell viability with higher doses of TiO2-NPs was evident in both in vitro and in vivo flow cytometric analysis. Further, an impaired cell cycle (G0/G1, S, and G2/M) was reflected in the present investigation following the exposure to TiO2-NPs. Increased comet scores such as tail length, % DNA in tail, tail moment, and olive moment were also observed with the higher doses of TiO2-NPs in vitro and in vivo comet assays. Finally, the in vivo MN and CA assays revealed the formation of MN and chromosomal breakage following the exposure to TiO2-NPs.

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