Modeling dominant height using stand and water balance variables for loblolly pine in the Western Gulf, US

2021 ◽  
Vol 479 ◽  
pp. 118610
Author(s):  
Anil Koirala ◽  
Cristian R. Montes ◽  
Bronson P. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dominant Height

scholarly journals A Dynamic Stand Growth Model System for Loblolly Pine Responding to Mid-Rotation Treatments

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Mauricio Zapata-Cuartas ◽  
Bronson P. Bullock ◽  
Cristian R. Montes ◽  
Michael B. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Model System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Plantation Management ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Dominant Height

Intensive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation management in the southeastern United States includes mid-rotation silvicultural practices (MRSP) like thinning, fertilization, competitive vegetation control, and their combinations. Consistent and well-designed long-term studies considering interactions of MRSP are required to produce accurate projections and evaluate management decisions. Here we use longitudinal data from the regional Mid-Rotation Treatment study established by the Plantation Management Research Cooperative (PMRC) at the University of Georgia across the southeast U.S. to fit and validate a new dynamic model system rooted in theoretical and biological principles. A Weibull pdf was used as a modifier function coupled with the basal area growth model. The growth model system and error projection functions were estimated simultaneously. The new formulation results in a compatible and consistent growth and yield system and provides temporal responses to treatment. The results indicated that the model projections reproduce the observed behavior of stand characteristics. The model has high predictive accuracy (the cross-validation variance explained was 96.2%, 99.7%, and 98.6%; and the prediction root mean square distance was 0.704 m, 19.1 trees ha−1, and 1.03 m2ha−1 for dominant height (DH), trees per hectare (N), and basal area (BA), respectively), and can be used to project the current stand attributes following combinations of MRSP and with different thinning intensities. Simulations across southern physiographic regions allow us to conclude that the most overall ranking of MRSP after thinning is fertilization + competitive vegetation control (Fert + CVC) > fertilization only (Fert) > competitive vegetation control only (CVC), and Fert + CVC show less than additive effect. Because of the model structure, the response to treatment changes with location, age of application, and dominant height growth as indicators of site quality. Therefore, the proposed model adequately represents regional growth conditions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Physiographic Region and Geographic Locale on Predicting the Dominant Height and Basal Area of Loblolly Pine Plantations

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Amateis ◽  
Stephen P. Prisley ◽  
Harold E. Burkhart ◽  
Jiping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Abstract Analysis of loblolly pine plantation permanent plot data established across the southeastern United States indicates that differences in dominant height and stand basal area may be related to geographic locale as well as physiographic region. In general, holding other factors constant,plantations at southern latitudes and eastern longitudes have less basal area than plantations at northern latitudes and western longitudes. Plantations at southern latitudes and eastern longitudes in the Atlantic Coastal Plain are generally taller than elsewhere in the Atlantic Coastal Plain.These trends were consistent for a younger population of intensively managed plantations, as well as for an older population of nonintensively managed plantations. Regression equations were developed to test the significance of geographic location on the prediction of basal area and dominantheight. Even in the presence of stand variables that are highly correlated with basal area and dominant height, latitude and longitude were highly significant predictors. Including them as predictor variables increased considerably the precision of the regression equations. South. J. Appl.For. 30(3):142–146.

Stand level pine response to occupancy of woody shrub and herbaceous vegetation

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 979-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight K Lauer ◽  
Glenn R Glover
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
First Year ◽  
Shrub Cover ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Stand Basal Area

The relationship between age-5 pine height and vegetation cover was estimated for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) stands using regression analysis. This paper utilizes results from four locations of a vegetation control study that included herbicide treatments to control woody shrub and herbaceous vegetation. Age-5 average dominant height was predicted from first-year herbaceous cover, untreated first-year shrub cover, and fifth-year shrub cover. Dominant height increased 0.5 m for each decrease of about 30% in either first year herbaceous cover, untreated first-year shrub cover, or year-5 shrub cover. Lack of vegetation control on beds where vegetation was allowed to recolonize before planting reduced dominant height an additional 0.5 m. A competition index was constructed that estimates the difference between "potential" and actual age-5 pine height. Stand-level models were developed to link age-5 pine height and occupancy of competing vegetation to quadratic mean DBH, specific DBH percentiles, and stand basal area. The effects of interspecific competition on stand basal area and diameter percentiles could be accounted for through the effects of competing vegetation on dominant height except for treatments that did not control woody shrubs.

Crown efficiency in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) spacing experiment

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1344-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Sterba ◽  
Ralph L Amateis
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Crown Projection Area ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Closure

Crown efficiency was first defined by Assmann (1961. Waldertragskunde. BLV, München) as individual tree volume increment per unit of crown projection area. He hypothesized that within a given crown class, smaller crowns are more efficient because their ratio between crown surface and horizontal crown projection is higher. Data from a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) spacing experiment were used to test if this hypothesis also holds in young loblolly pine stands and, if so, to determine if it explains the increment differences between spacings in the spacing experiment. Using individual tree height relative to plot dominant height to describe crown class, within-plot regression showed that crown efficiency decreased with crown size for trees below dominant height. This relationship was much less pronounced than indicated from Assmann's examples, although the crown surface to crown projection ratio behaved in the same way as Assmann had hypothesized. Crown efficiency as well as the crown surface to crown projection area ratio decreased with increasing density. Basal area increment per hectare increased until total crown closure approached 130% and then stayed constant. This major impact of total crown coverage brings into question the usefullness of crown efficiency as an indicator for unit area growth.

An Empirical Examination of Dominant Height Projection Accuracy Using Difference Equation Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingliang Wang ◽  
Cristian R Montes ◽  
Bronson P Bullock ◽  
Dehai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equation ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Dominant Height

Abstract Site index models developed using the difference equation method, otherwise known as the algebraic difference approach (ADA) along with its generalization (GADA), play an important role in forest growth and yield modeling for operational use. Their projection accuracy tends to be reduced over increasing time intervals, a common modeling phenomenon not yet well understood. In this study, dominant height projections given one single prior observation using three (G)ADA models were examined in relation to pairwise height correlations on an empirical dataset consisting of height remeasurements taken on permanent plots of a second-rotation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation experimental study. The results indicated that the decline in projection accuracy in terms of RMSE or Rp2 (analogical to the coefficient of determination R2) with increasing time intervals is closely associated with the weakening correlations imbedded in distant height remeasurements. The squared coefficient of correlation (ρ2) between paired heights can be set as an upper bound of Rp2 in (G)ADA model prediction of heights conditional on prior observations. An examination of correlation over time interval will be informative of how projection accuracy is likely to change and what the maximal Rp2 might be for any potential (G)ADA model to be developed.

scholarly journals USO DE MODELOS ESTATÍSTICOS PARA CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE SÍTIOS EM POVOAMENTOS DE Pinus taeda NA REGIÃO DE CAÇADOR – SC

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Jorge Téo ◽  
Diego Ricardo Bressan ◽  
Reinaldo Hoinacki da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Santa Catarina State

Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar diferentes modelos estatísticos para ajuste de curvas de índice de sítio e verificar se as curvas anamórficas geradas foram satisfatórias para classificação de sítios em povoamentos de Pinus taeda L. na região de Caçador, SC. Os dados de altura dominante (hdom) utilizados nesta pesquisa foram obtidos de parcelas permanentes de área fixa e formato retangular, com áreas de 500 e 625 m². As parcelas foram distribuídas de forma aleatória nos povoamentos, a fim de abranger a maior variabilidade possível de produtividade. A seleção do melhor modelo estatístico ajustado foi feita por meio das seguintes estatísticas de ajuste e precisão: coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R²aj), erro padrão da estimativa (Syx), erro padrão da estimativa em porcentagem (Syx%) e distribuição de resíduos em porcentagem. O modelo monomolecular apresentou os melhores resultados para os critérios de seleção, portanto foi escolhido para a construção das curvas de índice de sítio pelo método da curva guia. Depois de se proceder à classificação de sítios, foram realizados testes de anamorfismo, os quais indicaram o padrão anamórfico das curvas geradas pelo modelo estatístico ajustado para classificação de sítios dos povoamentos de Pinus taeda na região de Caçador, SC.Palavras-chave:  Modelos estatísticos; teste de anamorfismo; curvas de índice de sítio; altura dominante. AbstractUse of statistical modells for site classification of Pinus taeda plantation in the region of Caçador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. This study aimed to test different statistical models for fitting site index curves and check if the anamorphic curves generated were satisfactory to classify the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in the region of Caçador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The data of dominant height (hdom) used in this study were obtained from permanent plots of fixed area and rectangular shape, with areas of 500 and 625 square meters. The plots were distributed randomly in the stands to cover the largest possible variability of productivity. The selection of the best equation was made by the following fitting and precision statistics: adjusted coefficient of determination (R²aj), standard error of estimation (Syx), standard error of estimate in percentage (Syx%) and graphical distribution of the residuals in percentage. The monomolecular model showed the best performance, so it was chosen for the construction of the site index curves by guide curve method. After construction of the site index curves, the stability of the curves was also tested, which indicated the anamorphic pattern of the curves generated by the equation for site classification of loblolly pine plantations in the region of Caçador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil.Keywords:  Statistical models; test of anamorphism; site index curves; dominant height.

scholarly journals Modeling Response to Midrotation Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization in Loblolly Pine Plantations

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Amateis ◽  
Jiping Liu ◽  
Mark J. Ducey ◽  
H. Lee Allen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Models ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Data from a fertilizer response study in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations at different sites in the southeastern United States were used to develop response models for dominant height and basal area following midrotation nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization. Nonlinear regression models developed from the data predict total cumulative response as a function of the interaction of N and P application rates, drainage class of the site, stand conditions when fertilized, and time since fertilization. Stand variables that were found to be significant predictors of response included site index, age, basal area, number of surviving trees, and dominant height at fertilization. Dominant height response was significantly greater on poorly drained sites than on other sites. Basal area response to P was significantly less on poorly drained sites and significantly greater on well drained sites. These models can be coupled with unfertilized baseline models to estimate volume response to midrotation fertilization. South. J. Appl. For. 24(4):207-212.

scholarly journals MODELAGEM DE MATERIAL COMBUSTÍVEL EM PLANTAÇÕES DE Pinus taeda NO NORTE DE SANTA CATARINA

FLORESTA ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Joaquim Bacelar De Souza ◽  
Ronaldo Viana Soares ◽  
Antonio Carlos Batista
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Fuel Loading ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dominant Height

Um inventário foi conduzido em Três Barras, Santa Catarina, para quantificar e modelar material combustível superficial vivo e morto em plantações de Pinus taeda. De forma sistemática foram estabelecidas 20 parcelas para cada povoamento de 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, e 17 anos de idade, nas quais foram medidos a carga de combustível, o DAP, a altura e o diâmetro dominantes, a área basal e a espessura da liteira. Nove modelos foram ajustados através dos métodos Stepwise e “todas as regressões possíveis”. O melhor modelo para estimar a carga de acículas foi (R2 = 0,9563), ajustado com base na espessura (S) da camada de acículas. Para a carga de combustível morto de até 2,5 cm de espessura o melhor modelo foi (R2 = 0,8577). O modelo considerado mais adequado para determinação da carga total de combustível foi (R2 = 0,7034). Três gráficos para estimativa indireta do combustível e um calibrador para estimar a carga de acículas são também apresentados. FUEL MODELING IN Pinus taeda PLANTATIONS IN THE STATE OF SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL Abstract A fuel inventory was conducted in Três Barras county, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (26o15’ S latitude and 50o48’W longitude), in order to develop predicting models for fuel loading in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations. Sampling was done in 03, 05, 07, 09, 11, 13, 15, and 17-year-old stands, covering the whole rotation of the plantations. Twenty (20) plots of 1.0m2 (1.0x1.0m) were randomly located in each stand, totalizing 160 plots. The independent variables measured in the stands were age (in years), mean DBH (cm), dominant DBH (cm), dominant height of the trees (m), basal area (m2), and fuel bed depth (cm). The dependent variables were live surface fuel, dead foliage (needles), dead woody fuel (separated by size classes), and total fuel load, all measured in ton.ha-1 (oven dry weight). Results showed good correlation between fuel bed depth and age and most of the dependent (fuel related) variables. Live surface fuel only presented significant correlation with mean DBH and basal area. However, live surface fuel was only significant in the 3-year-old plantation, and practically disappeared when the pines canopy intercepted most of the sun light, usually after the 5th year. Models were developed to estimate the following variables: dead foliage (Wa) dead fuel up to 10-hour (Æ £ 2.5cm) timelag (W10), and total fuel load (WT). Independent variables were chosen not only by the correlation coefficients, but also for the measuring facility, and based on these principles, fuel bed depth (S), age (I), dominant height (hdom), and dominant DBH (Ddom) were selected. The models were built through the Stepwise method, using the Statistic 5.0 software. Fuel bed depth was the variable that provided best fits for all predicting models, and the inclusion of other independent variables did not improve the models precision. The best model to estimate the needles load was (R2 = 0,9563); to estimate dead fine fuel load was (R2 = 0,8577); and to estimate the total fuel load was (R2 = 0,7034). Total fuel load in the loblolly pine plantations in the studied site ranged from approximately 6.0 to 21.0 ton.ha-1.

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