Multiple injection strategies for reducing HC and CO emissions in diesel-methane dual-fuel low temperature combustion

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 121372
Author(s):  
Deivanayagam Hariharan ◽  
Sundar Rajan Krishnan ◽  
Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan ◽  
Aamir Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Injection Strategies

scholarly journals Low Temperature Combustion with Multiple Injection Strategies in Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 779-785
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Multiple Injections ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Injection Strategies

Low-temperature combustion(LTC) with multiple injection strategies is a recent trend for NOx and soot reduction in single-cylinder diesel engines. This paper presents a technical study of past research carried out on multiple injections, which are pilot I and pilot II injection before main injection, to decrease engine soot to meet emission legislation while upholding efficiency and decrease or eliminate exhaust after treatment. Previous research indicates that extending ignition lag to enhance the proper premixing, and controlling temperature of combustion to optimal level using Exhaust Gas Recirculation, have been accepted as an important aspect to attain low temperature combustion. In this paper, we first discuss the effect pilot I injection and pilot II injection strategy through varied injection quantity and time range. Thereafter, we briefly review how pilot II injection provides better results compared with the pilot I injection, which is by reason of better premixing, improves the turbulent effect and lowers the emission. Next, we provide a broad overview of the collected works on the effect of injection pressure, temperature and rate of exhaust gas recirculation on engine emissions. We conclude by identifying a few dependencies of engine parameters in low-temperature combustion by multiple injections so as to reduce the engine emissions.

A Computational Investigation of the Impact of Multiple Injection Strategies on Combustion Efficiency in Diesel-Natural Gas Dual Fuel Low Temperature Combustion Engine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Bartolucci ◽  
Stefano Cordiner ◽  
Vincenzo Mulone ◽  
Sundar R. Krishnan ◽  
Kalyan K. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Dual fuel diesel-methane low temperature combustion (LTC) has been investigated by various research groups, showing high potential for emissions reduction (especially oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM)) without adversely affecting fuel conversion efficiency in comparison with conventional diesel combustion. However, when operated at low load conditions, dual fuel LTC typically exhibit poor combustion efficiencies. This behavior is mainly due to low bulk gas temperatures under lean conditions, resulting in unacceptably high carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions. A feasible and rather innovative solution may be to split the pilot injection of liquid fuel into two injection pulses, with the second pilot injection supporting the methane combustion once the process is initiated by the first one. In this work, diesel-methane dual fuel LTC is investigated numerically in a single-cylinder heavy-duty engine operating at 5 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at 85% and 75% percentage of energy substitution (PES) by methane (taken as a natural gas surrogate). A multidimensional model is first validated in comparison with experimental data obtained on the same single-cylinder engine for early single pilot diesel injection at 310 CAD and 500 bar rail pressure. With the single pilot injection case as baseline, the effects of multiple pilot injections and different rail pressures on combustion emissions are investigated, again showing good agreement with experimental data. Apparent heat release rate and cylinder pressure histories as well as combustion efficiency trends are correctly captured by the numerical model. Results prove that higher rail pressures yield reductions of HC and CO by 90% and 75%, respectively, at the expense of NOx emissions, which increase by ∼30% from baseline. Furthermore, it is shown that post-injection during the expansion stroke does not support the stable development of the combustion front as the combustion process is confined close to the diesel spray core.

CFD Analysis of Diesel-Methane Dual Fuel Low Temperature Combustion at Low Load and High Methane Substitution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Aniello ◽  
Lorenzo Bartolucci ◽  
Stefano Cordiner ◽  
Vincenzo Mulone ◽  
Sundar R. Krishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Temperature Combustion

Over the last few decades, emissions regulations for internal combustion engines have become increasingly restrictive, pushing researchers around the world to exploit innovative propulsion solutions. Among them, the dual fuel low temperature combustion (LTC) strategy has proven capable of reducing fuel consumption and while meeting emissions regulations for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) without problematic aftertreatment systems. However, further investigations are still needed to reduce engine-out hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions as well as to extend the operational range and to further improve the performance and efficiency of dual-fuel engines. In this scenario, the present study focuses on numerical simulation of fumigated methane-diesel dual fuel LTC in a single-cylinder research engine (SCRE) operating at low load and high methane percent energy substitution (PES). Results are validated against experimental cylinder pressure and apparent heat release rate (AHRR) data. A 3D full-cylinder RANS simulation is used to thoroughly understand the influence of the start of injection (SOI) of diesel fuel on the overall combustion behavior, clarifying the causes of AHRR transition from two-stage AHRR at late SOIs to single-stage AHRR at early SOIs, low temperature heat release (LTHR) behavior, as well as high HC production. The numerical campaign shows that it is crucial to reliably represent the interaction between the diesel spray and the in-cylinder charge to match both local and overall methane energy fraction, which in turn, ensures a proper representation of the whole combustion. To that aim, even a slight deviation (∼3%) of the trapped mass or of the thermodynamic conditions would compromise the numerical accuracy, highlighting the importance of properly capturing all the phenomena occurring during the engine cycle. The comparison between numerical and experimental AHRR curves shows the capability of the numerical framework proposed to correctly represent the dual-fuel combustion process, including low temperature heat release (LTHR) and the transition from two-stage to single stage AHRR with advancing SOI. The numerical simulations allow for quantitative evaluation of the residence time of vapor-phase diesel fuel inside the combustion chamber and at the same time tracking the evolution of local diesel mass fraction during ignition delay — showing their influence on the LTHR phenomena. Oxidation regions of diesel and ignition points of methane are also displayed for each case, clarifying the reasons for the observed differences in combustion evolution at different SOIs.

The role of the diffusion-limited injection in direct dual fuel stratification

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wissink ◽  
Rolf Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Fuel Stratification ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Temperature Combustion

Low-temperature combustion offers an attractive combination of high thermal efficiency and low NO x and soot formation at moderate engine load. However, the kinetically-controlled nature of low-temperature combustion yields little authority over the rate of heat release, resulting in a tradeoff between load, noise, and thermal efficiency. While several single-fuel strategies have achieved full-load operation through the use of equivalence ratio stratification, they uniformly require retarded combustion phasing to maintain reasonable noise levels, which comes at the expense of thermal efficiency and combustion stability. Previous work has shown that control over heat release can be greatly improved by combining reactivity stratification in the premixed charge with a diffusion-limited injection that occurs after low-temperature heat release, in a strategy called direct dual fuel stratification. While the previous work has shown how the heat release control offered by direct dual fuel stratification differs from other strategies and how it is enabled by the reactivity stratification created by using two fuels, this paper investigates the effects of the diffusion-limited injection. In particular, the influence of fuel selection and the pressure, timing, and duration of the diffusion-limited injection are examined. Diffusion-limited injection fuel type had a large impact on soot formation, but no appreciable effect on performance or other emissions. Increasing injection pressure was observed to decrease filter smoke number exponentially while improving combustion efficiency. The timing and duration of the diffusion-limited injection offered precise control over the heat release event, but the operating space was limited by a tradeoff between NO x and soot.

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