Adaptation of bilateral coordination of gait during split belt walking as reflected by the phase coordination index

Human gait is symmetric and bilaterally coordinated in young healthy persons. In this study, we aimed to explore the differences in bilateral coordination of gait as measured by the phase coordination index (PCI), gait asymmetry, and stride time variability of gait between four age groups. A total of 44 older adults were recruited: nine young-old (age 70–74 years), 26 old (age 75–84 years), nine old-old (>85 years and older), and 13 young adults (age 20–30 years). Subjects walked on a treadmill; walking speed was systematically increased from 0.5 to 0.9 m/s in steps of 0.1 m/s. There were marginal effects of age on PCI, significant main effects of walking speeds without interaction between walking speeds and age group. A difference in PCI could distinguish between young’s and late aging group, and only during their preferred treadmills walking speed. This study explicitly shows that bilateral coordination of walking is modified by gait speed, and deteriorates only at a very old age.

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Gait asymmetry, and bilateral coordination of gait during a six-minute walk test in persons with multiple sclerosis

10.1101/2020.05.13.093161 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Meir Plotnik ◽

Joanne M. Wagner ◽

Gautam Adusumilli ◽

Amihai Gottlieb ◽

Robert T. Naismith

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Walk Test ◽

Bilateral Coordination ◽

Six Minute Walk Test ◽

Gait Asymmetry ◽

Left And Right ◽

Phase Coordination ◽

Analysis System ◽

Minute Walk ◽

Walking Endurance

AbstractGait impairments in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) underlying reduced walking endurance are still poorly understood. Thus, our objective was to assessed gait asymmetry (GA) and bilateral coordination of gait (BCG), among pwMS during the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and their association with disease severity. For this aim, we recruited ninety-two pwMS (age: 46.6 ± 7.9; 83% females) with a broad range of clinical disability who completed the 6MWT wearing gait analysis system. GA was assessed by comparing left and right swing times, and BCG by using the phase coordination index (PCI). Several functional and subjective gait assessments were performed. Results show that gait is more asymmetric and less coordinated as the disease progresses (p<.0001). Participants with mild MS showed significant better BCG as reflected by lower PCI values in comparison to the other two MS severity groups (severe: p =.001, moderate: p=.02). GA and PCI also deteriorated significantly with time during the 6MWT (p<.0001). GA and PCI (i.e., BCG) show somewhat weaker associations with clinical MS status than associations observed between functional and subjective gait assessments and MS status. Similar to other neurological cohorts, GA and PCI are important parameters to assess and to target in interventions among pwMS.

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Unraveling Interlimb Interactions Underlying Bimanual Coordination

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.01077.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 3112-3125 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Arne Ridderikhoff ◽

C. (Lieke) E. Peper ◽

Peter J. Beek

Keyword(s):

Bimanual Coordination ◽

Feedforward Control ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Minor Role ◽

Error Corrections ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Contralateral Hand ◽

Phase Coordination ◽

The Stability ◽

Passive Movements

Three sources of interlimb interactions have been postulated to underlie the stability characteristics of bimanual coordination but have never been evaluated in conjunction: integrated timing of feedforward control signals, phase entrainment by contralateral afference, and timing corrections based on the perceived error of relative phase. In this study, the relative contributions of these interactions were discerned through systematic comparisons of five tasks involving rhythmic flexion–extension movements about the wrist, performed bimanually (in-phase and antiphase coordination) or unimanually with or without comparable passive movements of the contralateral hand. The main findings were the following. 1) Contralateral passive movements during unimanual active movements induced phase entrainment to interlimb phasing of either 0° (in-phase) or 180° (antiphase). 2) Entrainment strength increased with the passive movements' amplitude, but was similar for in-phase and antiphase movements. 3) Coordination of unimanual active movements with passive movements of the contralateral hand (kinesthetic tracking) was characterized by similar bilateral EMG activity as observed in active bimanual coordination. 4) During kinesthetic tracking the timing of the movements of the active hand was modulated by afference-based error corrections, which were more pronounced during in-phase coordination. 5) Indications of in-phase coordination being more stable than antiphase coordination were most prominent during active bimanual coordination and marginal during kinesthetic tracking. Together the results indicated that phase entrainment by contralateral afference contributed equally to the stability of in-phase and antiphase coordination, and that differential stability of these patterns depended predominantly on integrated timing of feedforward signals, with only a minor role for afference-based error corrections.

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Saudi-Emirati economic competition will mount further

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db262973 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Abu Dhabi ◽

Political Leaders ◽

Economic Diversification ◽

Economic Competition ◽

Content Type ◽

Bilateral Coordination ◽

Oil Policy ◽

Strong Contrast

Significance This comes amid a growing divergence between the two countries on oil policy, economic diversification and the conduct of regional affairs, including in Yemen. It forms a strong contrast to the close bilateral coordination seen in 2015-18. Impacts Rising competition will be primarily economic rather than (geo)political, unlike the rift with Qatar in 2017. Discrepancies between the timing of the two crown princes’ accessions in Riyadh and Abu Dhabi may affect ties. Internal UAE tensions could increase if Dubai feels Abu Dhabi is not doing enough to protect its commercial interests. Political leaders in Abu Dhabi may seek benefits through public distancing from reputation-hit Riyadh in Washington’s eyes.

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India’s Labour Agreements with the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: An Assessment

International Studies ◽

10.1177/00208817211055344 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002088172110553

Author(s):

Sameena Hameed

Keyword(s):

Gulf Cooperation Council ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Special Focus ◽

Construction Sector ◽

Host Countries ◽

Bilateral Coordination ◽

Gcc Countries ◽

Return Home

Despite the Indian government's proactive initiatives and reforms in the labour laws in the host countries, the welfare of Indian workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries remains compromised. The Indian workers continue to face exploitation, often left stranded or forced to return home penniless. In line with best global practices, India’s Bilateral Labour Agreements (BLAs) and Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) with all the GCC countries need to make specific reference to the host countries' labour laws and facilitate bilateral coordination in the governance of the full migration cycle. Special focus is needed in the construction sector, where a vast majority of low-skilled Indian workers are employed. The article examines the effectiveness of India’s BLAs and MoUs with the GCC countries in protecting the low-skilled Indian workers in the region.

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Gas Phase Coordination Chemistry

Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II ◽

10.1016/b0-08-043748-6/01119-1 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 141-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.T. Rodgers ◽

P.B. Armentrout

Keyword(s):

Coordination Chemistry ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Phase Coordination

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Bilateral coordination control of flexible master–slave manipulators using a partial differential equation model

Journal of Vibration and Control ◽

10.1177/1077546320945472 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 107754632094547

Author(s):

Le Li ◽

Hongjun Yang ◽

Jinkun Liu

Keyword(s):

Partial Differential Equations ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Dynamic Model ◽

Vibration Suppression ◽

Equation Model ◽

Partial Differential ◽

Bilateral Coordination ◽

Teleoperation System ◽

Control Scheme ◽

Teleoperation Systems

In this study, we evaluate the coordination tracking control problem of a flexible master–slave teleoperation system. The system under consideration is based on a dynamic model described by a set of partial differential equations. Existing research on bilateral controllers is based on teleoperation systems composed of rigid master robots and rigid or flexible slave robots. In this work, we consider teleoperation systems with flexible master and slave robots. We dynamically model flexible master–slave manipulators using partial differential equations. Based on the dynamic model, a bilateral coordination controller is developed to realize the coordination angle tracking and vibration suppression of flexible master–slave manipulators. The teleoperation system is proven to be asymptotically stable under the control scheme. Numerical simulation results illustrate that the proposed controller is effective.

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