Differences between maximal isometric joint moments measured in an isokinetic dynamometer versus inverse dynamics approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
J.P. Kulmala
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Joint Moments

Estimation of Muscle Forces About the Ankle During Gait in Healthy and Neurologically Impaired Subjects

2011 ◽  
pp. 320-347
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Bassett ◽  
Joseph D. Gardinier ◽  
Kurt T. Manal ◽  
Thomas S. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Forward Dynamics ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Contraction Dynamics

This chapter describes a biomechanical model of the forces about the ankle joint applicable to both unimpaired and neurologically impaired subjects. EMGs and joint kinematics are used as inputs and muscle forces are the outputs. A hybrid modeling approach that uses both forward and inverse dynamics is employed and physiological parameters for the model are tuned for each subject using optimization procedures. The forward dynamics part of the model takes muscle activation and uses Hill-type models of muscle contraction dynamics to estimate muscle forces and the corresponding joint moments. Inverse dynamics is used to calibrate the forward dynamics model predictions of joint moments. In this chapter we will describe how to implement an EMG-driven hybrid forward and inverse dynamics model of the ankle that can be used in healthy and neurologically impaired people.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Associations Between Inverse Dynamics and Musculoskeletal Modeling to Investigate Joint Loading in a Clinical Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Holder ◽  
Ursula Trinler ◽  
Andrea Meurer ◽  
Felix Stief
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Musculoskeletal Modeling ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Internal Joint ◽  
Joint Contact

The assessment of knee or hip joint loading by external joint moments is mainly used to draw conclusions on clinical decision making. However, the correlation between internal and external loads has not been systematically analyzed. This systematic review aims, therefore, to clarify the relationship between external and internal joint loading measures during gait. A systematic database search was performed to identify appropriate studies for inclusion. In total, 4,554 articles were identified, while 17 articles were finally included in data extraction. External joint loading parameters were calculated using the inverse dynamics approach and internal joint loading parameters by musculoskeletal modeling or instrumented prosthesis. It was found that the medial and total knee joint contact forces as well as hip joint contact forces in the first half of stance can be well predicted using external joint moments in the frontal plane, which is further improved by including the sagittal joint moment. Worse correlations were found for the peak in the second half of stance as well as for internal lateral knee joint contact forces. The estimation of external joint moments is useful for a general statement about the peak in the first half of stance or for the maximal loading. Nevertheless, when investigating diseases as valgus malalignment, the estimation of lateral knee joint contact forces is necessary for clinical decision making because external joint moments could not predict the lateral knee joint loading sufficient enough. Dependent on the clinical question, either estimating the external joint moments by inverse dynamics or internal joint contact forces by musculoskeletal modeling should be used.

scholarly journals Effect of the upward curvature of toe springs on walking biomechanics in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy Sichting ◽  
Nicholas B. Holowka ◽  
Oliver B. Hansen ◽  
Daniel E. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Work Requirements ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Foot Biomechanics ◽  
Walking Biomechanics ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Upward Curvature ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Abstract Although most features of modern footwear have been intensively studied, there has been almost no research on the effects of toe springs. This nearly ubiquitous upward curvature of the sole at the front of the shoe elevates the toe box dorsally above the ground and thereby holds the toes in a constantly dorsiflexed position. While it is generally recognized that toe springs facilitate the forefoot’s ability to roll forward at the end of stance, toe springs may also have some effect on natural foot function. This study investigated the effects of toe springs on foot biomechanics in a controlled experiment in which participants walked in specially-designed sandals with varying curvature in the toe region to simulate toe springs ranging from 10 to 40 degrees of curvature. Using inverse dynamics techniques, we found that toe springs alter the joint moments and work at the toes such that greater degrees of toe spring curvature resulted in lower work requirements during walking. Our results help explain why toe springs have been a pervasive feature in shoes for centuries but also suggest that toe springs may contribute to weakening of the foot muscles and possibly to increased susceptibility to common pathological conditions such as plantar fasciitis.

A Well-Posed, Embedded Constraint Representation of Joint Moments From Kinesiological Measurements

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Dariush ◽  
Hooshang Hemami ◽  
Mohamad Parnianpour
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Planar System ◽  
Open Chain ◽  
Inverse Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Well Posed ◽  
Dynamics Method

Joint moment estimation using the traditional inverse dynamics analysis presents two challenging problems, which limit its reliability. First, the quality of the computed moments depends directly on unreliable estimates of the segment accelerations obtained numerically by differentiating noisy marker measurements. Second, the representation of joint moments from combined video and force plate measurements belongs to a class of ill-posed problems, which does not possess a unique solution. This paper presents a well-posed representation derived from an embedded constraint equation. The proposed method, referred to as the embedded constraint representation (ECR), provides unique moment estimates, which satisfy all measurement constraints and boundary conditions and require fewer acceleration components than the traditional inverse dynamics method. Specifically, for an n-segment open chain planar system, the ECR requires n−3 acceleration components as compared to 3n−1 components required by the traditional (from ground up) inverse dynamics analysis. Based on a simulated experiment using a simple three-segment model, the precision of the ECR is evaluated at different noise levels and compared to the traditional inverse dynamics technique. At the lowest noise levels, the inverse dynamics method is up to 50 percent more accurate while at the highest noise levels the ECR method is up to 100 percent more accurate. The ECR results over the entire range of noise levels reveals an average improvement on the order 20 percent in estimating the moments distal to the force plate and no significant improvement in estimating moments proximal to the force plate. The new method is particularly advantageous in a combined video, force plate, and accelerometery sensing strategy. [S0148-0731(00)01904-X]

scholarly journals Dynamic input to determine hip joint moments, power and work on the prosthetic limb of transfemoral amputees: ground reaction vs knee reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Frossard ◽  
Laurence Cheze ◽  
Raphael Dumas
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Foot Placement ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Analysis System

Background: Calculation of lower limb kinetics is limited by floor-mounted force-plates. Objectives: Comparison of hip joint moments, power and mechanical work on the prosthetic limb of a transfemoral amputee calculated by inverse dynamics using either the ground reactions (force-plates) or knee reactions (transducer). Study design: Comparative analysis. Methods: Kinematics, ground reaction and knee reaction data were collected using a motion analysis system, two force-plates, and a multi-axial transducer mounted below the socket, respectively. Results: The inverse dynamics using ground reaction underestimated the peaks of hip energy generation and absorption occurring at 63% and 76% of the gait cycle (GC) by 28% and 54%, respectively. This method also overestimated by 24% a phase of negative work at the hip (37%–56% GC), and underestimated the phases of positive (57%–72% GC) and negative (73%–98%GC) work at the hip by 11% and 58%, respectively. Conclusions: A transducer mounted within the prosthesis has the capacity to provide more realistic kinetics of the prosthetic limb because it enables assessment of multiple consecutive steps and a wide range of activities without the issue of foot placement on force-plates. Clinical relevance The hip is the only joint an amputee controls directly to set the prosthesis in motion. Hip joint kinetics are associated with joint degeneration, low back pain, risk of falls, etc. Therefore, realistic assessment of hip kinetics over multiple gait cycles and a wide range of activities is essential.

scholarly journals The effect of stride length on lower extremity joint kinetics at various gait speeds

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. McGrath ◽  
Melissa L. Ziegler ◽  
Margaret Pires-Fernandes ◽  
Brian A. Knarr ◽  
Jill S. Higginson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Joint Moment ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Trailing Limb Angle

AbstractRobot-assisted training is a promising tool under development for improving walking function based on repetitive goal-oriented task practice. The challenges in developing the controllers for gait training devices that promote desired changes in gait is complicated by the limited understanding of the human response to robotic input. A possible method of controller formulation can be based on the principle of bio-inspiration, where a robot is controlled to apply the change in joint moment applied by human subjects when they achieve a gait feature of interest. However, it is currently unclear how lower extremity joint moments are modulated by even basic gaitspatio-temporal parameters.In this study, we investigated how sagittal plane joint moments are affected by a factorial modulation of two important gait parameters: gait speed and stride length. We present the findings obtained from 20 healthy control subjects walking at various treadmill-imposed speeds and instructed to modulate stride length utilizing real-time visual feedback. Implementing a continuum analysis of inverse-dynamics derived joint moment profiles, we extracted the effects of gait speed and stride length on joint moment throughout the gait cycle. Moreover, we utilized a torque pulse approximation analysis to determine the timing and amplitude of torque pulses that approximate the difference in joint moment profiles between stride length conditions, at all gait speed conditions.Our results show that gait speed has a significant effect on the moment profiles in all joints considered, while stride length has more localized effects, with the main effect observed on the knee moment during stance, and smaller effects observed for the hip joint moment during swing and ankle moment during the loading response. Moreover, our study demonstrated that trailing limb angle, a parameter of interest in programs targeting propulsion at push-off, was significantly correlated with stride length. As such, our study has generated assistance strategies based on pulses of torque suitable for implementation via a wearable exoskeleton with the objective of modulating stride length, and other correlated variables such as trailing limb angle.

scholarly journals Patterns of lower limb muscular activity and joint moments during directional efforts using a static dynamometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Lalumiere ◽  
Cloé Villeneuve ◽  
Cassandra Bellavance ◽  
Michel Goyette ◽  
Daniel Bourbonnais
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Muscle Groups

Abstract Background Strength and coordination of lower muscle groups typically identified in healthy subjects are two prerequisites to performing functional activities. These physical qualities can be impaired following a neurological insult. A static dynamometer apparatus that measures lower limb joint moments during directional efforts at the foot was developed to recruit different patterns of muscular activity. The objectives of the present study were to 1) validate joint moments estimated by the apparatus, and 2) to characterize lower limb joint moments and muscular activity patterns of healthy subjects during progressive static efforts. Subjects were seated in a semi-reclined position with one foot attached to a force platform interfaced with a laboratory computer. Forces and moments exerted under the foot were computed using inverse dynamics, allowing for the estimation of lower limb joint moments. To achieve the study’s first objective, joint moments were validated by comparing moments of various magnitudes of force applied by turnbuckles on an instrumented leg equipped with strain gauges with those estimated by the apparatus. Concurrent validity and agreement were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients and Bland and Altman analysis, respectively. For the second objective, joint moments and muscular activity were characterized for five healthy subjects while exerting progressive effort in eight sagittal directions. Lower limb joint moments were estimated during directional efforts using inverse dynamics. Muscular activity of eight muscles of the lower limb was recorded using surface electrodes and further analyzed using normalized root mean square data. Results The joint moments estimated with the instrumented leg were correlated (r > 0.999) with those measured by the dynamometer. Limits of agreement ranged between 8.5 and 19.2% of the average joint moment calculated by both devices. During progressive efforts on the apparatus, joint moments and patterns of muscular activity were specific to the direction of effort. Patterns of muscular activity in four directions were similar to activation patterns reported in the literature for specific portions of gait cycle. Conclusion This apparatus provides valid joint moments exerted at the lower limbs. It is suggested that this methodology be used to recruit muscular activity patterns impaired in neurological populations.

A Novel Three-Dimensional Gait Analysis System

2012 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Yoshio Inoue ◽  
Kyoko Shibata ◽  
Kozou Shiojima ◽  
Ji Bin Yin
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Joint Moments

Three-dimensional (3D) lower limb kinematic and kinetic analysis based on ambulatory measurements is introduced in this paper. We developed a wireless sensor system composed of a mobile force plate system, 3D motion sensor units and a wireless data logger. 3D motions of body segment and triaxial ground reaction force (GRF) could be simultaneously measured using the system, and the data obtained from sensor units on thighs, shanks and feet could be transferred to a personal computer by wireless local area network (LAN). An inverse dynamics method was adopted to calculate triaxial joint moments. The accuracy of kinematics and kinetics (joint moments) assessment is validated against results obtained from the stationary measurement system based on camera movement analysis and force plates.

Walking on High Heels Changes Muscle Activity and the Dynamics of Human Walking Significantly

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik B. Simonsen ◽  
Morten B. Svendsen ◽  
Andreas Nørreslet ◽  
Henrik K. Baldvinsson ◽  
Thomas Heilskov-Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Heel Height ◽  
High Heels

The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of net joint moments in the lower extremities during walking on high-heeled shoes compared with barefooted walking at identical speed. Fourteen female subjects walked at 4 km/h across three force platforms while they were filmed by five digital video cameras operating at 50 frames/second. Both barefooted walking and walking on high-heeled shoes (heel height: 9 cm) were recorded. Net joint moments were calculated by 3D inverse dynamics. EMG was recorded from eight leg muscles. The knee extensor moment peak in the first half of the stance phase was doubled when walking on high heels. The knee joint angle showed that high-heeled walking caused the subjects to flex the knee joint significantly more in the first half of the stance phase. In the frontal plane a significant increase was observed in the knee joint abductor moment and the hip joint abductor moment. Several EMG parameters increased significantly when walking on high-heels. The results indicate a large increase in bone-on-bone forces in the knee joint directly caused by the increased knee joint extensor moment during high-heeled walking, which may explain the observed higher incidence of osteoarthritis in the knee joint in women as compared with men.

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