scholarly journals Dynamic input to determine hip joint moments, power and work on the prosthetic limb of transfemoral amputees: ground reaction vs knee reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Frossard ◽  
Laurence Cheze ◽  
Raphael Dumas
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Foot Placement ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Analysis System

Background: Calculation of lower limb kinetics is limited by floor-mounted force-plates. Objectives: Comparison of hip joint moments, power and mechanical work on the prosthetic limb of a transfemoral amputee calculated by inverse dynamics using either the ground reactions (force-plates) or knee reactions (transducer). Study design: Comparative analysis. Methods: Kinematics, ground reaction and knee reaction data were collected using a motion analysis system, two force-plates, and a multi-axial transducer mounted below the socket, respectively. Results: The inverse dynamics using ground reaction underestimated the peaks of hip energy generation and absorption occurring at 63% and 76% of the gait cycle (GC) by 28% and 54%, respectively. This method also overestimated by 24% a phase of negative work at the hip (37%–56% GC), and underestimated the phases of positive (57%–72% GC) and negative (73%–98%GC) work at the hip by 11% and 58%, respectively. Conclusions: A transducer mounted within the prosthesis has the capacity to provide more realistic kinetics of the prosthetic limb because it enables assessment of multiple consecutive steps and a wide range of activities without the issue of foot placement on force-plates. Clinical relevance The hip is the only joint an amputee controls directly to set the prosthesis in motion. Hip joint kinetics are associated with joint degeneration, low back pain, risk of falls, etc. Therefore, realistic assessment of hip kinetics over multiple gait cycles and a wide range of activities is essential.

Filtering Ground Reaction Force Data Affects the Calculation and Interpretation of Joint Kinetics and Energetics During Drop Landings

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. McCaw ◽  
Jacob K. Gardner ◽  
Lindsay N. Stafford ◽  
Michael R. Torry
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Joint Moment ◽  
Inverse Dynamic ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Marker Data ◽  
High Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Subsequent Calculation

An inverse dynamic analysis and subsequent calculation of joint kinetic and energetic measures is widely used to study the mechanics of the lower extremity. Filtering the kinematic and kinetic data input to the inverse dynamics equations affects the calculated joint moment of force (JMF). Our purpose was to compare selected integral values of sagittal plane ankle, knee, and hip joint kinetics and energetics when filtered and unfiltered GRF data are input to inverse dynamics calculations. Six healthy, active, injury-free university student (5 female, 1 male) volunteers performed 10 two-legged landings. JMFs were calculated after two methods of data filtering. Unfiltered: marker data were filtered at 10 Hz, GRF data unfiltered. Filtered: both GRF and marker data filtered at 10 Hz. The filtering of the GRF data affected the shape of the knee and hip joint moment-time curves, and the ankle, knee and hip joint mechanical power-time curves. We concluded that although the contributions of individual joints to the support moment and to total energy absorption were not affected, the attenuation of high-frequency oscillations in both JMF and JMP time curves will influence interpretation of CNS strategies during landing.

scholarly journals The effect of stride length on lower extremity joint kinetics at various gait speeds

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. McGrath ◽  
Melissa L. Ziegler ◽  
Margaret Pires-Fernandes ◽  
Brian A. Knarr ◽  
Jill S. Higginson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Joint Moment ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Trailing Limb Angle

AbstractRobot-assisted training is a promising tool under development for improving walking function based on repetitive goal-oriented task practice. The challenges in developing the controllers for gait training devices that promote desired changes in gait is complicated by the limited understanding of the human response to robotic input. A possible method of controller formulation can be based on the principle of bio-inspiration, where a robot is controlled to apply the change in joint moment applied by human subjects when they achieve a gait feature of interest. However, it is currently unclear how lower extremity joint moments are modulated by even basic gaitspatio-temporal parameters.In this study, we investigated how sagittal plane joint moments are affected by a factorial modulation of two important gait parameters: gait speed and stride length. We present the findings obtained from 20 healthy control subjects walking at various treadmill-imposed speeds and instructed to modulate stride length utilizing real-time visual feedback. Implementing a continuum analysis of inverse-dynamics derived joint moment profiles, we extracted the effects of gait speed and stride length on joint moment throughout the gait cycle. Moreover, we utilized a torque pulse approximation analysis to determine the timing and amplitude of torque pulses that approximate the difference in joint moment profiles between stride length conditions, at all gait speed conditions.Our results show that gait speed has a significant effect on the moment profiles in all joints considered, while stride length has more localized effects, with the main effect observed on the knee moment during stance, and smaller effects observed for the hip joint moment during swing and ankle moment during the loading response. Moreover, our study demonstrated that trailing limb angle, a parameter of interest in programs targeting propulsion at push-off, was significantly correlated with stride length. As such, our study has generated assistance strategies based on pulses of torque suitable for implementation via a wearable exoskeleton with the objective of modulating stride length, and other correlated variables such as trailing limb angle.

scholarly journals Apply IOT technology to practice a pandemic prevention body temperature measurement system: A case study of response measures for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 155014772110181
Author(s):  
Wei-Ling Lin ◽  
Chun-Hung Hsieh ◽  
Tung-Shou Chen ◽  
Jeanne Chen ◽  
Jian-Le Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Temperature Detection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Body Temperature Measurement ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Temperature Measurement System

Today, the most serious threat to global health is the continuous outbreak of respiratory diseases, which is called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought severe challenges to public health and has attracted great attention from the research and medical communities. Most patients infected with COVID-19 will have fever. Therefore, the monitoring of body temperature has become one of the most important basis for pandemic prevention and testing. Among them, the measurement of body temperature is the most direct through the Forehead Thermometer, but the measurement speed is relatively slow. The cost of fast-checking body temperature measurement equipment, such as infrared body temperature detection and face recognition temperature machine, is too high, and it is difficult to build Disease Surveillance System (DSS). To solve the above-mentioned problems, the Intelligent pandemic prevention Temperature Measurement System (ITMS) and Pandemic Prevention situation Analysis System (PPAS) are proposed in this study. ITMS is used to detect body temperature. However, PPAS uses big data analysis techniques to prevent pandemics. In this study, the campus field is used as an example, in which ITMS and PPAS are used. In the research, Proof of Concept (PoC), Proof of Service (PoS), and Proof of Business (PoB) were carried out for the use of ITMS and PPAS in the campus area. From the verification, it can be seen that ITMS and PPAS can be successfully used in campus fields and are widely recognized by users. Through the verification of this research, it can be determined that ITMS and PPAS are indeed feasible and capable of dissemination. The ITMS and PPAS are expected to give full play to their functions during the spread of pandemics. All in all, the results of this research will provide a wide range of applied thinking for people who are committed to the development of science and technology.

scholarly journals Two-Segment Foot Model for the Biomechanical Analysis of Squat

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
E. Panero ◽  
L. Gastaldi ◽  
W. Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
The One ◽  
Midtarsal Joint

Squat exercise is acquiring interest in many fields, due to its benefits in improving health and its biomechanical similarities to a wide range of sport motions and the recruitment of many body segments in a single maneuver. Several researches had examined considerable biomechanical aspects of lower limbs during squat, but not without limitations. The main goal of this study focuses on the analysis of the foot contribution during a partial body weight squat, using a two-segment foot model that considers separately the forefoot and the hindfoot. The forefoot and hindfoot are articulated by the midtarsal joint. Five subjects performed a series of three trials, and results were averaged. Joint kinematics and dynamics were obtained using motion capture system, two force plates closed together, and inverse dynamics techniques. The midtarsal joint reached a dorsiflexion peak of 4°. Different strategies between subjects revealed 4° supination and 2.5° pronation of the forefoot. Vertical GRF showed 20% of body weight concentrated on the forefoot and 30% on the hindfoot. The percentages varied during motion, with a peak of 40% on the hindfoot and correspondently 10% on the forefoot, while the traditional model depicted the unique constant 50% value. Ankle peak of plantarflexion moment, power absorption, and power generation was consistent with values estimated by the one-segment model, without statistical significance.

scholarly journals Travel Time Estimation as a Global Trend in the Analysis of Innovative Transportation Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 11011
Author(s):  
Alexey Romanov ◽  
Maria Lyakina
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Travel Time Estimation ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Time Value ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analysis System

Research background: The problem of evaluating the results of innovative transport technologies is extremely important for their implementation and realization. The assessment of possible benefits of innovative transport projects is complicated by a number of circumstances. These include a wide range of arising effects in various forms and the long life cycle of the project, which increases the difficulty of reliably measuring the various costs and results. Thus, it can be argued that outdated approaches and methods for assessing the new transport products hinder the development of innovations. Purpose of the article: to identify directions for assessing the travel time value in the analysis of the transportation projects economic efficiency. Methods: The study was conducted by means of scientific methods such as the comparative analysis, system method, generalization and abstraction. Also, we use the results of expert assessments based on depth-in interviews. Findings & Value added: The article substantiates the necessity of taking into account the incremental benefits for passengers from travel time reduction as the most important aspect of transport projects implementation, ensuring the formation of the whole range of external social and economic effects; The multi-factor dependence of the travel time value for a passenger, which is characterised by its heterogeneity during a journey, has been substantiated. The necessity of assessing changes of travel time values in the general transport costs of passengers has been substantiated, taking into account the several factors that lead to different time values. A visual model of the socio-economic effects formation of the HSR project, caused by changes in the passengers’ total transport costs and increased transport accessibility of the region, is proposed.

scholarly journals Machine Learning-Based Estimation of Ground Reaction Forces and Knee Joint Kinetics from Inertial Sensors While Performing a Vertical Drop Jump

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7709
Author(s):  
Serena Cerfoglio ◽  
Manuela Galli ◽  
Marco Tarabini ◽  
Filippo Bertozzi ◽  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Reaction Forces

Nowadays, the use of wearable inertial-based systems together with machine learning methods opens new pathways to assess athletes’ performance. In this paper, we developed a neural network-based approach for the estimation of the Ground Reaction Forces (GRFs) and the three-dimensional knee joint moments during the first landing phase of the Vertical Drop Jump. Data were simultaneously recorded from three commercial inertial units and an optoelectronic system during the execution of 112 jumps performed by 11 healthy participants. Data were processed and sorted to obtain a time-matched dataset, and a non-linear autoregressive with external input neural network was implemented in Matlab. The network was trained through a train-test split technique, and performance was evaluated in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The network was able to estimate the time course of GRFs and joint moments with a mean RMSE of 0.02 N/kg and 0.04 N·m/kg, respectively. Despite the comparatively restricted data set and slight boundary errors, the results supported the use of the developed method to estimate joint kinetics, opening a new perspective for the development of an in-field analysis method.

scholarly journals A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the dog

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Stark ◽  
Martin S. Fischer ◽  
Alexander Hunt ◽  
Fletcher Young ◽  
Roger Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Musculoskeletal Model ◽  
Muscle Synergy ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Joint Load

AbstractDogs are an interesting object of investigation because of the wide range of body size, body mass, and physique. In the last several years, the number of clinical and biomechanical studies on dog locomotion has increased. However, the relationship between body structure and joint load during locomotion, as well as between joint load and degenerative diseases of the locomotor system (e.g. dysplasia), are not sufficiently understood. In vivo measurements/records of joint forces and loads or deep/small muscles are complex, invasive, and sometimes ethically questionable. The use of detailed musculoskeletal models may help in filling that knowledge gap. We describe here the methods we used to create a detailed musculoskeletal model with 84 degrees of freedom and 134 muscles. Our model has three key-features: Three-dimensionality, scalability, and modularity. We tested the validity of the model by identifying forelimb muscle synergies of a beagle at walk. We used inverse dynamics and static optimization to estimate muscle activations based on experimental data. We identified three muscle synergy groups by using hierarchical clustering. Predicted activation patterns exhibited good agreement with experimental data for most of the forelimb muscles. We expect that our model will speed up the analysis of how body size, physique, agility, and disease influence joint neuronal control and loading in dog locomotion.

scholarly journals Use of sound spectral signals analysis to assess the technical condition of mechanical devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Paweł Maciąg ◽  
Leszek Chałko
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Sound Emission ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Safety Systems

The article presents the results of a part of research conducted by the authors into a wide range of work on automation of public safety systems. Their main purpose is to create, on the basis of sound signals analysis, system of warning against the use of firearms monitored public places not only at the time of shooting, but at the stage of preparing - the firearm reloading process. The range of acoustic measurements presented in the article and their analyzes included variability of sound emission of selected type of firearms depending on the number of operations and thus the degree of wear. Analysis of the recorded data will allow in the future to develop a system enabling not only to determine a type of firearm or tp narrow down the search area of individual specimens, but also to determine the degree of wear in terms of suitability for further use. The results discussed in the article correspond to two states of the same firearm model. The first is the initial state from the manufacturer’s factory after returning 50 control shots, the other after over 20,000 cycles. The used firearm was technically fully efficient, with no need to replace the elements during operation as well as tests. The presented scope of measurements includes spectral analysis of sound in the near field and time analysis of sound emission levels in the successive operation phases of the firearm mechanisms.

Estimation of Muscle Forces About the Ankle During Gait in Healthy and Neurologically Impaired Subjects

2011 ◽  
pp. 320-347
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Bassett ◽  
Joseph D. Gardinier ◽  
Kurt T. Manal ◽  
Thomas S. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Forward Dynamics ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Contraction Dynamics

This chapter describes a biomechanical model of the forces about the ankle joint applicable to both unimpaired and neurologically impaired subjects. EMGs and joint kinematics are used as inputs and muscle forces are the outputs. A hybrid modeling approach that uses both forward and inverse dynamics is employed and physiological parameters for the model are tuned for each subject using optimization procedures. The forward dynamics part of the model takes muscle activation and uses Hill-type models of muscle contraction dynamics to estimate muscle forces and the corresponding joint moments. Inverse dynamics is used to calibrate the forward dynamics model predictions of joint moments. In this chapter we will describe how to implement an EMG-driven hybrid forward and inverse dynamics model of the ankle that can be used in healthy and neurologically impaired people.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Associations Between Inverse Dynamics and Musculoskeletal Modeling to Investigate Joint Loading in a Clinical Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Holder ◽  
Ursula Trinler ◽  
Andrea Meurer ◽  
Felix Stief
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Musculoskeletal Modeling ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Internal Joint ◽  
Joint Contact

The assessment of knee or hip joint loading by external joint moments is mainly used to draw conclusions on clinical decision making. However, the correlation between internal and external loads has not been systematically analyzed. This systematic review aims, therefore, to clarify the relationship between external and internal joint loading measures during gait. A systematic database search was performed to identify appropriate studies for inclusion. In total, 4,554 articles were identified, while 17 articles were finally included in data extraction. External joint loading parameters were calculated using the inverse dynamics approach and internal joint loading parameters by musculoskeletal modeling or instrumented prosthesis. It was found that the medial and total knee joint contact forces as well as hip joint contact forces in the first half of stance can be well predicted using external joint moments in the frontal plane, which is further improved by including the sagittal joint moment. Worse correlations were found for the peak in the second half of stance as well as for internal lateral knee joint contact forces. The estimation of external joint moments is useful for a general statement about the peak in the first half of stance or for the maximal loading. Nevertheless, when investigating diseases as valgus malalignment, the estimation of lateral knee joint contact forces is necessary for clinical decision making because external joint moments could not predict the lateral knee joint loading sufficient enough. Dependent on the clinical question, either estimating the external joint moments by inverse dynamics or internal joint contact forces by musculoskeletal modeling should be used.

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