scholarly journals The influence of long-term N and P fertilization on soil P forms and cycling in a wheat/fallow cropping system

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 404 ◽  
pp. 115274
Author(s):  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Barbara J. Cade-Menun ◽  
Luke D. Bainard ◽  
Mervin St. Luce ◽  
Yongfeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus availability and soybean response to phosphorus starter fertilizer

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem ◽  
Alexandre Merlin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Surface Spread ◽  
P Sources

Phosphorus fixation in tropical soils may decrease under no-till. In this case, P fertilizer could be surface-spread, which would improve farm operations by decreasing the time spend in reloading the planter with fertilizers. In the long term, less soluble P sources could be viable. In this experiment, the effect of surface-broadcast P fertilization with both soluble and reactive phosphates on soil P forms and availability to soybean was studied with or without fertilization with soluble P in the planting furrow in a long-term experiment in which soybean was grown in rotation with Ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis). No P or 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the form of triple superphosphate or Arad reactive rock phosphate was applied on the surface of a soil with variable P fertilization history. Soil samples were taken to a depth of 60 cm and soil P was fractionated. Soybean was grown with 0, 30, and 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the form of triple phosphate applied in the seed furrow. Both fertilizers applied increased available P in the uppermost soil layers and the moderately labile organic and inorganic forms of P in the soil profile, probably as result of root decay. Soybean responded to phosphates applied on the soil surface or in the seed furrow; however, application of soluble P in the seed furrow should not be discarded. In tropical soils with a history of P fertilization, soluble P sources may be substituted for natural reactive phosphates broadcast on the surface. The planting operation may be facilitated through reduction in the rate of P applied in the planting furrow in relation to the rates currently applied.

scholarly journals Correlations Among Different P-Test Methods Studied in a Network of Hungarian P Fertilization Long-term Field Trials

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Magyar ◽  
P. Csathó ◽  
K. Debreczeni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
P Values ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Group ◽  
Soil P Test ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Term Field

Five soil P-test methods were compared on the soils of the network of unified Hungarian P fertilization long-term field trials. The effect of P application on the soil P-test values was significant on the different P levels and sites. The average effect of the sites varied between 1.5-fold (H 2 O method) and 3.7- fold (AL-method). The amounts of extracted P increased in the order of H 2 O-P < Olsen-P < Pi-P < AERM-P < AL-P < Corrected AL-P. For studying the relationships between the P values extracted by the different methods, acidic, calcareous and all soils groups were taken into account as a basis. A good correlation was found between the Pi- and AERM-methods in each soil group. Within the acidic soil group, pH has a much less expressed effect on AL-P values, presumably this was the reason why the strongest correlation in this soil group was found between the AL- and the Corr. AL-P methods  The next step in our research will be to calibrate these soil-P tests with plant P uptake and yield responses.

Phosphorus efficiency in a long-term wheat–rice cropping system in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. TANG ◽  
X. SHI ◽  
Y. MA ◽  
X. HAO
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYLong-term (over 14 years) experiments on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop rotations were conducted in Southwest China to investigate phosphorus (P) fertilizer utilization efficiency, including the partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), internal efficiency (IE), partial P balance (PPB), recovery efficiency (RE) and the mass (input–output) balance. The seven treatments were Control, N, NP, NK, NPK, NPKM and NPKSt, representing various combinations of inorganic fertilizers (N, P and K), manure (M) and the application of rice straw (St). Without P application, the soil could supply c. 14·7–22·5 kg P/ha annually and produce, on average, c. 1·8 t/ha wheat and 6·0 t/ha rice. Phosphorus fertilization increased crop yields by 65·5 and 11·4% for wheat and rice, respectively, over the 14 years. The PFP values ranged from 80·2 to 177 kg grain/kg P fertilizer for wheat and from 222 to 255 kg/kg for rice in the NPK treatments. However, the mean AE over the 14-year period was 31·9 and 21·3 kg grain/kg inorganic P fertilizer for wheat and rice, respectively. The mean IE was 214 and 318 kg grain/kg P uptake for wheat and rice, respectively, during the cultivation period. The PPB for the whole rotation system over the 14 years ranged from 0·58 to 0·64. However, the mean RE of P fertilizer was 0·26 (varying from 0·22 to 0·29) in the wheat–rice cropping system over the 14-year period. For every 100 kg surplus P/ha per year, the concentration of soil P extracted by 0·5 m NaHCO3 at pH 8·5 (Olsen-P) would increase by, on average, 4·12 mg/kg in soil. For the wheat–rice cropping system, the current P application rate of 55–65 kg P/ha per year is able to sustain annual yields of about 3 t/ha for wheat and 7 t/ha for rice. This study suggests that, in order to achieve higher crop yields, the P fertilizer utilization efficiency should be considered when making P fertilizer recommendations in wheat–rice cropping systems.

Changes in the forms and distribution of soil phosphorus due to long-term corn production

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Richards ◽  
Thomas E. Bates ◽  
S. C. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Application

Long-term fertilizer-P application affects soil-P distribution and forms. These effects must be characterized to use fertilizer P most efficiently. In three southern Ontario soils of varying texture, we determined changes in soil organic P (Po) and inorganic P (Pi) caused by fertilizer P application (0–90 kg broadcast P ha−1 yr−1 during 10 yr of corn production. Soil P was characterized by (1) annual measurement of 0.5 M NaHCO3-extractable P (Olsen-P) and (2) sequential extraction from soil taken at the beginning of the experiment and after receiving 0 to 90 kg broadcast P ha−1 yr−1 for 10 yr. Fertilizer P increased Olsen-P concentrations in all soils. The increases were proportional to the cumulative amount of P applied. Based on all three soils, 16 kg P ha−1 was required to increase Olsen-P concentrations by 1 mg L−1 soil. After 10 yr of 90 kg broadcast P ha−1 yr−1, labile Pi fractions (resin P and NaHCO3 P) were increased, as was NaOH-extractable Pi in all soils. On the most P-deficient soil (Conestogo SiL), where corn grain yields were increased by fertilizer P, P fertilization also increased HCl-Pi, residual P (H2O2-H2SO4 extractable P) and labile Po (NaHCO3-Po and NaOH-Po). A P balance was calculated, which accounted for additions to, removals from, and changes in the total P status of the 0–20 cm layer. When no broadcast P was applied, there was an unaccounted-for input (possibly from the subsoil), of 20.9 kg P ha−1 yr−1 on the Conestogo SiL. When 90 kg broadcast P ha−1 yr−1 was applied to the Fox SL, the coarsest soil studied, there was a deficit of 30.9 kg P ha−1 yr−1 and elevated Olsen-P concentrations in the 25–36 cm depth, suggesting downward movement on fertilizer P. It appears that subsoil P was involved in the P cycle of these two soils. Key words: Continuous corn, P fertilization, sequential extraction, organic phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, labile phosphorus, subsoil P, leaching

Phosphorus in zero tension soil solution as influenced by long-term fertilization of corn (Zea mays L.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Q. Zhang ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Phosphorus from fertilized agricultural land may contribute to ground or surface water inputs and accelerate eutrophication. With increases in soil P saturation and organic P in long-term fertilized soils, soil P leaching losses may increase. The effect of long-term P fertilization (6 to 11 yr) on inorganic and organic P in soil solutions at zero tension was studied on two soils, a Chicot sandy clay loam (Grey Brown Luvisol) and a Ste. Rosalie clay (Humic Gleysol). Soil solution samples were collected using a cylinder technique and analyzed for total dissolved P (TDP), dissolved inorganic P (DIP), and dissolved organic P (DOP). Levels for DIP ranged from 0.15 to 1.01 mg P L−1 and TDP ranged from 0.33 to 1.19 mg P L−1 in the Chicot soil. In the Ste. Rosalie soil, values of DIP ranged from 0.04 to 0.23 mg P L−1 and TDP ranged from 0.15 to 0.36 mg P L−1. Increasing fertilizer P applications from 44 kg ha−1 to 132 kg ha−1 increased DIP and TDP in soil solutions in both soils. There was no effect of P fertilization rate on DOP values. Soil P movement below 45 cm during the non-growing season was estimated at 633 to 2732 g ha−1 yr−1 in the Chicot soil and from 312 to 974 g ha−1 yr−1 in the Ste. Rosalie soil. Soil solution DIP was found to be linearly related to soil P extractable with 0.5 M NaHCO3, but levels of NaHCO3-extractable P required to produce 0.05 mg P L−1 DIP varied with soil, ranging from 70 to 110 mg P kg−1 soil. The critical level of extractable P has to be considered in association with soil type to predict potential water contamination. Key words: Continuous corn, long-term fertilization, soil solution, dissolved inorganic and organic P, NaHCO3 extractable P

scholarly journals Subsoils—a sink for excess fertilizer P but a minor contribution to P plant nutrition: evidence from long-term fertilization trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Siebers ◽  
Liming Wang ◽  
Theresa Funk ◽  
Sabine von Tucher ◽  
Ines Merbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Pools ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil P Tests

Abstract Background The phosphorus (P) stocks of arable subsoils not only influence crop production but also fertilizer P sequestration. However, the extent of this influence is largely unknown. This study aimed to (i) determine the extent of P sequestration with soil depth, (ii) analyze P speciation after long-term P fertilization, and (iii) compare soil P tests in predicting crop yields. We analyzed four long-term fertilizer trials in Germany to a depth of 90 cm. Treatments received either mineral or organic P, or a combination of both, for 16 to 113 years. We determined inorganic and organic P pools using sequential extraction, and P speciation using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. In addition, we applied three P soil tests, double-lactate (DL), calcium acetate lactate (CAL), and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). Results The results suggested that plants are capable of mobilizing P from deeper soil layers when there is a negative P budget of the topsoil. However, fertilization mostly only showed insignificant effects on P pools, which were most pronounced in the topsoil, with a 1.6- to 4.4-fold increase in labile inorganic P (Pi; resin-P, NaHCO3–Pi) after mineral fertilization and a 0- to 1.9-fold increase of organic P (Po; NaHCO3–Po, NaOH–Po) after organic P fertilization. The differences in Po and Pi speciation were mainly controlled by site-specific factors, e.g., soil properties or soil management practice rather than by fertilization. When modeling crop yield response using the Mitscherlich equation, we obtained the highest R2 (R2 = 0.61, P < 0.001) among the soil P tests when using topsoil PDGT. However, the fit became less pronounced when incorporating the subsoil. Conclusion We conclude that if the soil has a good P supply, the majority of P taken up by plants originates from the topsoil and that the DGT method is a mechanistic surrogate of P plant uptake. Thus, DGT is a basis for optimization of P fertilizer recommendation to add as much P fertilizer as required to sustain crop yields but as low as necessary to prevent harmful P leaching of excess fertilizer P.

scholarly journals Ruzigrass affecting soil-phosphorus availability

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1583-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Merlin ◽  
Zhenli Li He ◽  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Availability

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of ruzigrass (Urochloaruziziensis) in enhancing soil-P availability in areas fertilized with soluble or reactive rock phosphates. The area had been cropped for five years under no-till, in a system involving soybean, triticale/black-oat, and pearl millet. Previously to the five-year cultivation period, corrective phosphorus fertilization was applied once on soil surface, at 0.0 and 80 kg ha-1 P2O5, as triple superphosphate or Arad rock phosphate. After this five-year period, plots received the same corrective P fertilization as before and ruzigrass was introduced to the cropping system in the stead of the other cover crops. Soil samples were taken (0-10 cm) after ruzigrass cultivation and subjected to soil-P fractionation. Soybean was grown thereafter without P application to seed furrow. Phosphorus availability in plots with ruzigrass was compared to the ones with spontaneous vegetation for two years. Ruzigrass cultivation increased inorganic (resin-extracted) and organic (NaHCO3) soil P, as well as P concentration in soybean leaves, regardless of the P source. However, soybean yield did not increase significantly due to ruzigrass introduction to the cropping system. Soil-P availability did not differ between soluble and reactive P sources. Ruzigrass increases soil-P availability, especially where corrective P fertilization is performed.

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Composition and phoD Gene Abundance Are Sensitive to Phosphorus Level in a Long-Term Wheat-Maize Crop System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Lang ◽  
Wenxin Zou ◽  
Xiuxiu Chen ◽  
Chunqin Zou ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Cycling ◽  
P Rate

Microbes associated with phosphorus (P) cycling are intrinsic to soil P transformation and availability for plant use but are also influenced by the application of P fertilizer. Nevertheless, the variability in soil P in the field means that integrative analyses of soil P cycling, microbial composition, and microbial functional genes related to P cycling remain very challenging. In the present study in the North China Plain, we subjected the bacterial and fungal communities to amplicon sequencing analysis and characterized the alkaline phosphatase gene (phoD) encoding bacterial alkaline phosphatase in a long-term field experiment (10 years) with six mineral P fertilization rates up to 200 kg P ha–1. Long-term P fertilization increased soil available P, inorganic P, and total P, while soil organic P increased until the applied P rate reached 25 kg ha–1 and then decreased. The fungal alpha-diversity decreased as P rate increased, while there were no significant effects on bacterial alpha-diversity. Community compositions of bacteria and fungi were significantly affected by P rates at order and family levels. The number of keystone taxa decreased from 10 to 3 OTUs under increasing P rates from 0 to 200 kg ha–1. The gene copy numbers of the biomarker of the alkaline phosphatase phoD was higher at moderate P rates (25 and 50 kg ha–1) than at low (0 and 12.5 kg ha–1) and high (100 and 200 kg ha–1) rates of P fertilization, and was positively correlated with soil organic P concentration. One of the keystone taxa named BacOTU3771 belonging to Xanthomonadales was positively correlated with potential functional genes encoding enzymes such as glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase, acid phosphatase and negatively correlated with guinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase. Altogether, the results show the systematic effect of P gradient fertilization on P forms, the microbial community structure, keystone taxa, and functional genes associated with P cycling and highlight the potential of moderate rates of P fertilization to maintain microbial community composition, specific taxa, and levels of functional genes to achieve and sustain soil health.

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