Quantitative assessment of the Salmonella distribution on fresh-cut leafy vegetables due to cross-contamination occurred in an industrial process simulated at laboratory scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Mª. José Saiz-Abajo ◽  
R.Mª. Garcia-Gimeno ◽  
Ana Moreno ◽  
David González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Fresh Cut

Guidelines To Validate Control of Cross-Contamination during Washing of Fresh-Cut Leafy Vegetables

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gombas ◽  
Y. Luo ◽  
J. Brennan ◽  
G. Shergill ◽  
R. Petran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires food processors to implement and validate processes that will result in significantly minimizing or preventing the occurrence of hazards that are reasonably foreseeable in food production. During production of fresh-cut leafy vegetables, microbial contamination that may be present on the product can spread throughout the production batch when the product is washed, thus increasing the risk of illnesses. The use of antimicrobials in the wash water is a critical step in preventing such water-mediated cross-contamination; however, many factors can affect antimicrobial efficacy in the production of fresh-cut leafy vegetables, and the procedures for validating this key preventive control have not been articulated. Producers may consider three options for validating antimicrobial washing as a preventive control for cross-contamination. Option 1 involves the use of a surrogate for the microbial hazard and the demonstration that cross-contamination is prevented by the antimicrobial wash. Option 2 involves the use of antimicrobial sensors and the demonstration that a critical antimicrobial level is maintained during worst-case operating conditions. Option 3 validates the placement of the sensors in the processing equipment with the demonstration that a critical antimicrobial level is maintained at all locations, regardless of operating conditions. These validation options developed for fresh-cut leafy vegetables may serve as examples for validating processes that prevent cross-contamination during washing of other fresh produce commodities.

Handling and processing of fresh-cut leafy vegetables

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
S. Zheng ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
J. Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Cut

Isolation and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Typing of Listeria monocytogenes from Modified Atmosphere Packaged Fresh-Cut Vegetables Collected in Ireland

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2524-2528 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILLIAN A. FRANCIS ◽  
DAVID O'BEIRNE
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Pfge Profiles

The incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in modified atmosphere packaged fresh-cut fruits and vegetables from chill cabinets of a supermarket in Ireland was investigated over a 2-year period. Overall, 9.58% of fresh-cut produce was contaminated with Listeria spp. Various species of Listeria were isolated from samples, including L. monocytogenes, L. seeligeri, L. innocua, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii. No fruit samples contained detectable L. monocytogenes. Overall, a total of 21 L. monocytogenes isolates (2.9% of samples) were recovered from a range of products, including dry coleslaw mix (80% shredded cabbage and 20% shredded carrot), bean sprouts, and leafy vegetables such iceberg, romaine, and radicchio lettuce and mixed salad leaves (curly endive, escarole, and radicchio leaves). Dry coleslaw mix appeared to have the highest incidence of Listeria contamination (20%) compared with other products. Listeria contamination was more frequent (P < 0.05) during the summer and autumn months than during the winter and spring months. The 21 L. monocytogenes isolates were subsequently subtyped by genomic macrorestriction techniques using ApaI with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE of digested DNA produced bands of 79 to 518 kb. Four PFGE profiles were identified, and approximately 50% of the isolates were associated with profile 1. This study indicates that fresh-cut vegetables packaged under a modified atmosphere can support growth of numerous species of Listeria, including L. monocytogenes.

scholarly journals Effect of Spray Dryer Scale Size on the Properties of Dried Beetroot Juice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6700
Author(s):  
Jolanta Gawałek
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Centrifugal Atomization ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Drying Efficiency

Experiments detailing the spray drying of fruit and vegetable juices are necessary at the experimental scale in order to determine the optimum drying conditions and to select the most appropriate carriers and solution formulations for drying on the industrial scale. In this study, the spray-drying process of beetroot juice concentrate on a maltodextrin carrier was analyzed at different dryer scales: mini-laboratory (ML), semi-technical (ST), small industrial (SI), and large industrial (LI). Selected physicochemical properties of the beetroot powders that were obtained (size and microstructure of the powder particles, loose and tapped bulk density, powder flowability, moisture, water activity, violet betalain, and polyphenol content) and their drying efficiencies were determined. Spray drying with the same process parameters but at a larger scale makes it possible to obtain beetroot powders with a larger particle size, better flowability, a color that is more shifted towards red and blue, and a higher retention of violet betalain pigments and polyphenols. As the size of the spray dryer increases, the efficiency of the process expressed in powder yield also increases. To obtain a drying efficiency >90% on an industrial scale, process conditions should be selected to obtain an efficiency of a min. of 50% at the laboratory scale or 80% at the semi-technical scale. Designing the industrial process for spray dryers with a centrifugal atomization system is definitely more effective at the semi-technical scale with the same atomization system than it is at laboratory scale with a two-fluid nozzle.

scholarly journals Automating multistep flow synthesis: approach and challenges in integrating chemistry, machines and logic

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 960-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinmay A Shukla ◽  
Amol A Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Flow Synthesis ◽  
Multistep Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Strategy ◽  
Line Separation ◽  
Synthesis Approach ◽  
Scale Of Operation

The implementation of automation in the multistep flow synthesis is essential for transforming laboratory-scale chemistry into a reliable industrial process. In this review, we briefly introduce the role of automation based on its application in synthesis viz. auto sampling and inline monitoring, optimization and process control. Subsequently, we have critically reviewed a few multistep flow synthesis and suggested a possible control strategy to be implemented so that it helps to reliably transfer the laboratory-scale synthesis strategy to a pilot scale at its optimum conditions. Due to the vast literature in multistep synthesis, we have classified the literature and have identified the case studies based on few criteria viz. type of reaction, heating methods, processes involving in-line separation units, telescopic synthesis, processes involving in-line quenching and process with the smallest time scale of operation. This classification will cover the broader range in the multistep synthesis literature.

A method for preparing extensible paper on the laboratory scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Lahti ◽  
Franz Schmied ◽  
Wolfgang Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Large Deformations ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Machine Direction ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
End Use ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Versus Strain

Abstract Extensibility is an important property for papers undergoing large deformations in converting or end use application (e.g. industrial bags). Industrially, high extensibility is created by compacting the moist paper web in machine direction (MD) using an extensible unit such as the Clupak or Expanda methods. In this study, a method was developed to produce extensible paper on the laboratory scale. The Clupak unit was simulated using a purpose-built MD compaction apparatus. A paper sheet is placed between two stretched rubbers which are recoiled under perpendicular pressure to create sufficient friction between paper and rubber. The laboratory method for producing extensible paper sufficiently corresponds to the industrial process, i.e. strain increased while tensile stiffness index and tensile index decreased. Increased solids content during rubber recoiling enhanced the sigmoidal shape of the specific stress versus strain curves whereas tensile index remained unchanged. The reproducibility of the method is at a good level and thus the developed method offers a feasible way to study the production of extensible paper on the laboratory scale.

scholarly journals Modeling of Free Chlorine Consumption and Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cross‐Contamination During Fresh‐Cut Produce Wash Cycles

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 2736-2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Dehghan Abnavi ◽  
Ali Alradaan ◽  
Daniel Munther ◽  
Chandrasekhar R. Kothapalli ◽  
Parthasarathy Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Fresh Cut

Prevention of Escherichia coli cross-contamination by different commercial sanitizers during washing of fresh-cut lettuce

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco López-Gálvez ◽  
Ana Allende ◽  
Maria V. Selma ◽  
Maria I. Gil
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Fresh Cut

scholarly journals Influence of Pre-Harvest Factors on Postharvest Quality of Fresh-Cut and Baby Leafy Vegetables

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Koukounaras ◽  
Filippos Bantis ◽  
Nikolaos Karatolos ◽  
Christos Melissas ◽  
Antonios Vezyroglou
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Butterhead Lettuce ◽  
Wild Rocket

Shelf life of horticultural commodities is dependent on postharvest handling but also on a wide range of pre-harvest factors, which include genetic and environmental parameters. This study was conducted to explore the influence of cultivar, leaf position, and piece position on the leaf on visual quality of fresh-cut butterhead lettuce as well as the effect of a wide range of cultivation seasons on the postharvest quality and shelf life of baby leaves (spinach and ‘wild’ rocket). Six butterhead lettuce cultivars were used (cultivated soilless in an unheated plastic greenhouse) while the effect of leaf position on the plant (outer and inner leaves) and the piece position on the leaf (piece one close to the leaf base and piece four close to the top) were also evaluated. Baby leaves were cultivated under an unheated plastic greenhouse for winter production and under a nethouse for the rest of the growing season, with a total of five and seven sampling dates for spinach and ‘wild’ rocket respectively. The cultivar of butterhead lettuce had a significant effect on postharvest quality of fresh-cut product but more important was the piece position on the leaf. When this was closer to the base of the leaf, there was more browning on cut edges and limited shelf life for the fresh-cut lettuce. The result was associated in one tested cultivar with PAL activity, which was higher by 106% for piece one compared to piece four as an average for the whole storage period. The growing season of baby leaves had a great impact on their shelf life, with the season of mild environmental conditions achieving the highest marketability.

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